Hospitalitas II: The Changing Meaning of Hospitalitas

Pierfrancesco Porena

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Chapter 3 Hospitalitas II: The Changing Meaning of Hospitalitas

in The Civilian Legacy of the Roman Army

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Pierfrancesco Porena

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Art:: Kapitel

Seiten:: 55–94

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004698017_004

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Abstract

The hospitalitas / metatum of the later roman Empire was the obligation imposed on private individuals to make available temporarily, for short periods of time, portions of their urban property or rural buildings in order to lodge members of the imperial bureaucracy or soldiers and officers of the roman army on the move. The division of the property between host and guest was by shares of one third. Hospitalitas was aimed to secure the right to ownership of the Roman citizen: from a legal point of view it was the opposite of expropriation and confiscation. Actually it was configured as a simple temporary accommodation, limited to shares of one third of the private house of the citizen. Sources about stable and long-term settlements of barbarians during the Fifth Century AD show settlements characterized by the division of roman properties by shares of one third (tertiae). The historical analysis of these settlements suggests that, where there was negotiation between barbarian groups and the imperial authorities, or directly with roman landowners, the barbarians obtained percentages of property, including farmlands, that evoked the shares of temporary occupation that the Roman administration reserved for the traditional institution of the hospitalitas/metatum. The settlement on third-party shares of land is documented only in the settlements of the Burgundians, the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths. The shares were therefore agreed in areas where the density of roman agricultural property was high, and where the roman population was demographically substantial: in Southern Gaul, in Lugdunensis, in Aquitania, and in Italy. A deep evolution transformed the shares of metatum (third part of a house) into the tertiae of lands that came into the possession of the barbarians, after the most acute phase of the crisis – the decade 406–416 AD – since the settlement of the Visigoths in Aquitaine. The parameters offered by the institution of hospitalitas, practiced up to that moment and then disappeared in the West, made it possible to identify the original ownership of the allocated land. The hospitalitas / metatum was distorted by its legal content and was partly reversed in its purpose, but the wild expropriation by barbaric contingents in Spain, that have occurred in the previous years (and those to come, e.g. the Vandals in Africa), had shown the risks of a barbaric settlement without the imposition of legal and material perimeters.

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The Civilian Legacy of the Roman Army

Military Models in the Post-Roman World

Reihe: History of Warfare, Band: 144

Cover The Civilian Legacy of the Roman Army

ISBN:: 9789004698017

Verleger:: Brill

Print-Publikationsdatum:: 16 Jun 2024

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Chapter 3 Hospitalitas II: The Changing Meaning of Hospitalitas

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The Civilian Legacy of the Roman Army

Military Models in the Post-Roman World

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