In the Islamic world, universal histories have been written almost from the very beginning. Among the Arabic works one could, for example, mention the KitÄb akhbÄr al-rusul wal-mulÅ«k by AbÅ« JaÊ¿far al-ṬabarÄ« (3rd/9th cent.), Ibn Miskawayhâs (d. 421/1030) KitÄb tajÄrib al-umam, or the Mukhtaá¹£ar taʾrÄ«kh al-bashar by Abu ʼl-FidÄʾ (d. 732/1331). The first such history in New Persian was the abstract of ṬabarÄ«âs AkhbÄr that was made by AbÅ« Ê¿AlÄ« BalÊ¿amÄ« (d. between 382-87/992-97) for the Samanid emir Manṣūr b. Nūḥ (d. 365/976). Many other works followed, such as RashÄ«d al-DÄ«n HamadÄnÄ«âs JÄmiÊ¿ al-tawÄrÄ«kh (composed in 699-710/1300-10) or the TÄrÄ«kh-i ḤÄfiẠAbrÅ« by ḤÄfiẠAbrÅ« (d. 833/1430). The present work by Muḥammad YÅ«suf WÄlih QazwÄ«nÄ« (d. after 1078/1667) is a universal history with a focus on the Safavids. The sections published here describe the history of the Timurids and the Aq and Qara Qoyunlu dynasties, vital to our understanding of the rise of the Safavids.