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DÄ«wÄn-i Mukhliá¹£-i KÄshÄnÄ«
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Persian poetry of the pre-modern era is divided into three successive styles, each belonging to a different period: KhurÄsÄnÄ«, Ê¿IrÄqÄ« and HindÄ«. The HindÄ« style is called such because in Safavid times, during which it developed, poets no longer enjoyed the shahâs patronage so that many of them went to India, where Persian poetry had flourished since Ghaznavid times (11th-12th cent.). The HindÄ« style is often regarded as being of a lesser kind than the KhurÄsÄnÄ« or Ê¿IrÄqÄ« ones, but has the merit of having put a halt to the decline that Persian poetry was suffering from at the time and also, by its accessible language and subject matter, of having brought poetry within reach of the ordinary man. The HindÄ« style of those who never went to India is commonly described as âIá¹£fahÄnÄ«â. Mukhliá¹£ KÄshÄnÄ«âs (d. 1150/1737) poetry is HindÄ« in the Iá¹£fahÄnÄ« variant and is published here for the very first time.