In the history of the arts, emulation has always been important, regardless of time and place. Indeed, even the greatest artists always turn out to have their idols. Emulation is usually a way to acquire a certain skill or style that will then be put to use in the artistâs own, original creations. Sometimes, emulation is such that the work of the original artist is still very present in the later work, mostly as a result of structural or stylistic similarities. In the field of Persian literature, a case in point is JÄmÄ«âs (d. 898/1492) BahÄristÄn, a work on morals that was written in imitation of SaÊ¿dÄ«âs (d.691/1291-92) GulistÄn. Similarly, the present work by FaqÄ«r ShÄ«rÄzÄ« (d. 1351/1932) is a successful reproduction of the style and format of SaÊ¿dÄ«âs ethical mathnawÄ«, the BustÄn. Still, their content is quite different, KhÄnaqÄh being an ode on mysticism and the BustÄn a poem on ethics.