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MakÄrim al-akhlÄq
Sharḥ-i aḥwÄl u zindagÄnÄ«-yi AmÄ«r Ê¿AlÄ« ShÄ«r NavÄʾī
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GhiyÄth al-DÄ«n KhwÄndamÄ«r (d. after 942/1535-6) is a Persian historian who worked for several Timurid rulers in Herat. After the capture of Herat by the Uzbeks in 912/1507 and their ousting by the Safavids in 916/1510, KhwÄndamÄ«r held no further public office there. In 927/1520 he went to Agra where he entered the service of the founder of the Mughal dynasty BÄbÅ«r (d. 937/1530) and, following the latterâs death, his son HumÄyÅ«n (d. 963/1556). He died in India, where he was also laid to rest. KhwÄndamÄ«r is especially known for his ḤabÄ«b al-siyar, a universal history from the beginning of time until the reign of ShÄh IsmÄÊ¿Ä«l I (d. 930/1524). The present work, written at the beginning of his career, is a monument to the greatness of his first patron, the vizier MÄ«r Ê¿AlÄ« ShÄ«r NawÄʾī (d. 906/1501). KhwÄndamÄ«râs personal involvement in many of the events that it describes lends this work its special interest.