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QÄmÅ«s al-baḥrayn
Matn-i kalÄmi-yi fÄrsi-yi taʾlÄ«f bih sÄl-i 814 qamarÄ«
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Muḥammad Abu ʼl-Faá¸l Muḥammadâs (fl. ca. 800/1400) Persian QÄmÅ«s al-baḥrayn was written in 814/1411. About the authorâs life and times nothing is known other than that his nickname âḤamÄ«d MuftÄ«â points at a certain level of expertise in the legal profession. Being a theological summa, the QÄmÅ«s al-baḥrayn stands in a long tradition. The author used numerous theological and philosophical sources, referring explicitly to such authorities as Avicenna (d. 428/1037), SuhrawardÄ« (d. 587/1191), Fakhr al-DÄ«n RÄzÄ« (d. 606/1210), and Naṣīr al-DÄ«n ṬūsÄ« (d. 672/1274). The work contains so many obvious borrowings from RÄzÄ« that the QÄmÅ«s al-baḥrayn is factually an exposition of his thought. In the edition, a special effort was made to point this out in each case where a concrete reference could be given. There are few theological summae in Persian; readers of Persian will therefore be delighted to discover this comprehensive work and its mellifluous style of composition.