The Ottoman biographer, historian and former career military officer KÄtib Ãelebi (d. 1067/1657), better known as ḤÄjjÄ« KhalÄ«fa, completed his TaqwÄ«m al-tawÄrÄ«kh in Istanbul in 1058/1648. Begun as an excerpt of his earlier history Fadhlakat aqwÄl al-akhyÄr, he expanded it to cover personalities and events up to the days in which it was written. Composed in a mixture of Ottoman Turkish and Persian, it became a popular âdesk referenceâ that received various upgrades by different eighteenth-century authors. The work was printed for the first time in Istanbul by İbrahim Müteferriqa in 1146/1733. The TaqwÄ«m al-tawÄrÄ«kh was translated into Latin, Italian and French, besides the anonymous Persian translation contained in this volume, completed in 1075/1664, well before any of the other translations. It is one of the rare historical works in Persian to have the form of a chronology, most of them being histories of dynasties or general histories.