Mediterranean Connections: The Frankish Kingdoms and the Roman Empire (476–756)

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This monograph challenges the idea that Roman imperial authority in the West ended in 476. It shows how the Frankish realm maintained ties to the empire, with real separation only emerging in the late sixth century.
Tracing enduring Frankish-Byzantine diplomacy, shared identities, religious controversy, and trade into the seventh century, it reveals a landscape of continued exchange rather than abrupt decline. Including previously overlooked sources, the study offers a new perspective on Frankish identity, imperial affiliation, and the evolving relationship between Rome, the empire, and the Merovingians from the fifth to the eighth century.

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Laury Sarti, Ph.D. (2012), University of Hamburg, is Heisenberg Fellow at Heidelberg University. Her monographs include Orbis Romanus. Byzantium and the Legacy of Rome in the Carolingian World (Oxford University Press, 2024) and Westeuropa zwischen Antike und Mittelalter (WBG, 2023), and she edited Mobility in the Early Middle Ages, and beyond. Interdisciplinary Approaches (De Gruyter, 2025). Her research focuses on the military, Mediterranean interchanges, and mobility in the medieval period.
Preface
List of Figures and Maps

7 Introduction
 1.1 Outline and Question
 1.2 Prior Research
 1.3 Approach and Methods
 Note on Names

8 The Empire’s Western Territories
 2.1 Odoacer and Theodoric
 2.2 One Empire, Not Two
 2.3 476 in Retrospective
 2.4 The Empire and the West
 2.5 Results

9 Kings of the Empire
 3.1 Clovis and Theudebert I
 3.2 Romans and Franks in Gaul
 3.3 The Empire’s Kingdom
 3.4 Franko-Byzantine Exchanges
 3.5 Factors of Alienation
 3.6 Results

10 Christian Community
 4.1 The Pope between East and West
 4.2 The Three Chapters Controversy
 4.3 The Monothelite Controversy
 4.4 Results

11 Mediterranean Connectivity
 5.1 Diplomatic Exchange in a ‘Dark Age’
 5.2 Pilgrimages to the East
 5.3 Travel Routes and Trade
 5.4 Language and Knowledge Exchange
 5.5 Results

12 Conclusions
Bibliography
Index
The book is aimed at a broad educated audience, including scholars, postgraduate students, and advanced undergraduates with an interest in medieval history, particularly those focusing on the early medieval period. The book is written in a clear and accessible style to ensure that it is approachable for readers beyond experts in the field, making it an ideal resource not only for researchers and specialists but also for advanced students who are looking to deepen their understanding of the period and its complexities.
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