The Conspiracy of the Ninth Duke of Medina Sidonia (1641)

An Aristocrat in the Crisis of the Spanish Empire

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In The Conspiracy of the Ninth Duke of Medina Sidonia, Luis Salas offers a penetrating analysis of a plot to incite rebellion in the region of Andalusia in 1641. Had it succeeded, the plan could have caused the collapse of the Spanish Monarchy. Salas leaves no doubt that the conspiracy indeed occurred; he analyzes the plan in depth, its architects, its supporters — both in Andalusia and abroad — how it unraveled, and how the government of Philip IV of Spain managed to survive the most dramatic months of his tumultuous reign. Salas also delves into the consequences of the subsequent punishments, which affected Portugal, the balance of power in Andalusia, and Spain’s entire colonial trade.

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Luis Salas Almela, Ph.D. (2006), is researcher at the University of Córdoba. Currently, his research is focused on the study of the tax systems of the great nobility. Among his multiple publications is Medina Sidonia: el poder de la aristocracia, 1580-1670 (Marcial Pons, 2008).
Note on Currencies ... xiii
List of Illustrations ... xv
Maps ... xvii

Introduction 1

Part One: With All His Power and Authority
1 The inheritance of a Duke of Medina Sidonia ... 11
1.1 An Andalusian Seigneurial Estate ... 12
1.2 Sanlúcar de Barrameda and Ducal Finances ... 14
1.3 The Military Career of a Duke of Medina Sidonia ... 19
1.4 The Medina Sidonia and the Olivares Government: Family and Politics ... 24
2 Tension and Rupture in the Hispanic Empire (1636–1640) ... 27
2.1 Shoring up Prestige ... 27
2.2 Relations with Morocco ... 38
2.3 Defeat and more War (1639–1640) ... 46

Part Two: The End of Mythical Fidelity: The Conspiracy
3 The Conspiracy (1640–1642) ... 59
3.1 Portugal: Casting Off the Ties of Obedience (December 1640–July 1641) ... 59
3.2 Conspiracy, Denunciation, and Pardon (August 1641–May 1642) ... 77
3.3 A Trip Without Permission and the Impossible Prosecution (June 1642–January 1643) ... 112
3.4 From Loyalty to Rupture ... 125
4 Punishment (1643–1667) ... 133
4.1 The Fall of Olivares and Punishment without Verdict (February 1643–1648) ... 133
4.2 The Fall of a Great Seigneurial House (1648–1667) ... 142
4.3 The Tragic Fate of the Marquis of Ayamonte ... 151

Epilogue: An Overlooked Imperial Transformation ... 159

Bibliography ... 169
Index ... 175
All interested in political history and 17th-century European crises, and readers concerned with the studies of the nobility. Due to the intriguing story of the plot itself, also all interested in history in general.
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