Index
A nevv booke of spelling
11n18
accident(s)
19–22, 190–1, 195, 205, 216
accidence grammar
20–1
accidental/essential properties
74–5, 192–4, 200–2, 292–3, 308n111
convention of
192–4, 202n120, 214, 292–3
of littera
9n16, 21, 84–90, 259, 309n112, 321
of sounds
21, 272, 308n111
Adam/Adamic language
280, 287, 314, 343–4, 359n66.
language of nature; signature
adaptation. see degrees of alphabetisation
Agrippa, Heinrich Cornelius
144, 336n29
Alberti, Leon Battista
219n23, 235–6, 238–9
Aleander, Jerome
93
algebra
285, 294–6, 331–2
and cryptanalysis
247, 256, 295, 303n99, 332n23
philosophical
331–2
of thought
256, 296, 332n23
Allde, John
62n91
Allde, Robert
62n91
alphabet
9–10, 26, 41n25, 77, 90n53, 129, 184, 186, 188, 193, 222, 250, 261, 311–2, 333, 345n52
alphabet effect
33
and ciphering
220, 230–43, 324–9
English
66–7, 87n47, 90n53, 195, 230, 261
Hebrew
94, 220, 271–2
Latin/Roman
5, 220, 236, 238, 241, 269–77, 312
natural/universal
74, 93, 273–7, 280, 305–7
of nature
41n25, 127, 144, 153, 232–3, 324–9
of thought/ideas
8n13, 57, 68–74, 88–9, 137, 144, 146n36, 188n86, 212, 295–6
alphabetisation
degrees of alphabetisation
completion of
145–7, 208, 283, 295, 329–34, 339
definition of
19, 24
direction/path of
8n13, 124, 146–7, 156, 252
effects of
148, 196, 347, 351–2
of writing
124, 145, 161, 252
of speech
123, 126, 145, 257, 296
of thought/ideas
90, 123–4, 126, 139, 145, 179–80, 216, 295
of things
139, 145, 147, 295, 322–34
stages of
18–9, 124, 142–8, 299, 322
An A.B.C. for chyldren
11
“An Abstract of Dr. Wilkins’s Essay”
298n91
anachronism
2–7, 12, 15, 188n86, 213–4, 357n63
anagram/-matic transposition
8–9n14, 150, 154n54, 229–30, 233, 239.
cipher, transposition
analogy
328–345
correspondence; harmony; resemblance
as cosmic principle
235, 335–7, 340–353
as semiological principle
339–51, 353, 357–8
between nature and cipher
324–9
of sign and signified
280, 285–90, 299, 303, 305, 318–21, 342
appropriation. see degrees of alphabetisation
archetype
and ectype
113
ideas as copies of
113–4, 171, 173n47, 177, 211n9
ideas in interlocutors as
56, 211n9
in printing office
56
in Renaissance philology
112–4, 117
modes and relations as
113, 147n37, 166
of ideas of substances
55–6, 75, 80, 105, 113–4, 117, 166, 173
Aristotle/Aristotelian(ism)
19–24, 37, 84–5, 102, 104n95, 125, 140–1, 174–7, 180, 214, 283–4, 292–4, 304, 322, 345, 349–51
Categories
20n26, 21n29
De interpretatione/Peri hermeneias
21n26, 22–3, 84–5, 157–61, 174
essentialism
128, 185–94, 200, 289, 292
Metaphysics
154n54
metaphysics of substance
19–24, 127, 144, 186n77, 188–92, 200–3, 350, 359–60n66
on concepts as likenesses
49, 157–9, 168–72, 182–3, 208–11
semiology
21–2, 85, 157–63, 170–3, 254–7, 260, 317–20, 327, 337–44
Arnauld, Antoine
134n19, 163n20, 215–9
ars characteristica
137, 296, 303n99
ars combinatoria. see combinatorics
ars conjectandi
232, 256
ars Dei, nature as
8n13
ars inveniendi
276
ars iudicandi
251, 302
ars scribendi
99
Ascham, Roger
63, 95
assimilation. see degrees of alphabetisation
atomism
18, 39–41, 78, 125, 140–4, 149–50, 180, 330, 352.
corpuscularianism
Augustine
22, 161n13
Augustus Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
9n16, 221n27
Babel
138, 220n25, 276, 280, 287, 343, 354
Babington, Anthony
227–8, 236n54
Bacon, Anthony
227n43
Bacon, Francis
57, 102–3, 135–40, 144, 148, 163n19, 174, 180, 185, 263
Abecedarium naturae
324
Advancement of Learning
92, 134, 137–8, 222, 229–32, 242, 268
De augmentis scientiarum
57, 128, 138, 222, 230–1
De sapientia veterum
57n76
doctrine of idols
103, 131–4, 148, 173, 177–80, 253, 298
Novum organum
173n48, 177, 178n60, 180, 333
on ciphers
227n43, 229–35, 239, 242, 246, 254, 324
on nature as text
57, 324
on real character
92, 268, 278–9
on simple natures
128–9, 137, 144, 178, 180, 333
Valerius terminus
128
Bacon, Roger
158, 235n54, 273n18
Bailey, Nathan
264–5
Baker, Thomas
188n87
Bales, Peter
62n90, 225, 244–5
Baret, John
10, 12, 63, 186n80, 261n95
Basso, Sebastianus
154
Becanus, Goropius
151n47
Becher, Johann Joachim
138, 281–2
Beck, Cave
138, 278–82, 344n50
Bellaso, Giovan Battista
225n33, 238–9
Berault, Peter
20n25, 174n49
Berkeley, George
126, 168, 170, 202
Bible
64, 74n19, 271, 286–7, 308, 343, 358–9
Bibliander, Theodore
151
Birch, Thomas
233n52
Blundeville, Thomas
20n25, 187n83
Boehme, Jakob
144, 336
Boethius
21–2, 85, 158, 160n11, 163
book of nature
57–8, 122, 172, 232, 324–33
Bosse, Abraham
47–8
Boyle, Robert
101, 148, 152–3, 159, 184n70, 322–34, 338–9, 343, 351n58
and Locke
40–1, 49, 70n5, 77–79, 144, 193–4, 202n120, 208–9, 325
Experiments, Notes
152n49
on quadripertita ratio
135, 148–54, 179
on ciphering
227, 324–33
on corpuscularianism
8n13, 40–1, 49, 77–9, 234, 297
Some Considerations
327, 339n34
The Origine of Formes and Qualities
8n13, 49, 152, 331
The Sceptical Chymist
78n27, 135
Bracciolini, Poggio
112
Bridges, Noah
31, 222n27
Bright, Timothie
139, 225, 245n71
Brinsley, John
87n47
Bruni, Leonardo
112
Bullokar, William
90n53, 100, 245n71, 249n79, 305n106
on spelling
61–2, 106, 109n111, 140, 142, 243n67
minimal pairs
2–16, 214, 356–7
Bulwer, John
272n14
Cabala, sive Scrinia Sacra
223
Caesar. see cipher
Caesius Bassius
109
Caius, John
63, 92n58, 96–100
Camden, William
9n14, 100n82
Campanella, Tommaso
336n29
Cardano, Girolamo
238–9, 247n74
Cavendish circle
140–1, 294n79
Cavendish, Margaret
233n52
Cawdrey, Robert
62n90, 185n76, 197n111, 261–4
Cecil, William
95, 223
characters
alphabetical. see letters
emblematic/hieroglyphic
226, 279, 288n66, 307, 328, 333, 336, 338–40
mental
47, 57, 71, 74, 76–90, 122, 202, 214, 297
physical
325–34
real. see real character
Charles I, King
223
Charles II, King
59, 223
Charleton, Walter
140–2, 154n54, 172n45, 331
Chaucer, Geoffrey
181
Cheke, John
62, 95–100
Cicero, Marcus Tullius
96, 99
cipher
Albam/Atbash
220–1, 237n58, 239
Bacon cipher
229–34, 246
Caesar
220–1, 233–42, 245–9
communication. see communication, secret
key
26, 227, 231, 234, 236, 239, 243–50, 253, 255, 269–77, 280, 282, 295, 300–2, 311, 318, 320, 324–26, 333
musical
8–9, 26, 31, 226–7
polyalphabetic
225n33, 236–43, 245
substitution
9, 219–20, 225n37, 227, 229–39, 245, 295, 318, 326, 329, 356
transposition
8n14, 129, 150, 152, 219, 229–30, 233, 246, 326, 343n43
Civil War, English
222–3, 227, 235, 323
Clement, Francis
11n18
code
17, 139–40, 227, 235, 246, 248, 253–5, 273, 281n45, 300–2, 325n9
code book
138, 225–7, 244–5, 281
codebreaking
227, 233–6, 238, 244, 247, 255, 277, 304, 325n9
fixed-code theory of language
17, 248
nature as code
169, 323–34
Coles, Elisha
12n18
Colet, John
95, 110n113
combinatorics
8, 68, 70, 152, 235, 256, 288n68, 303n99, 331n21.
permutation
Comenius, Jan Amos
139, 160n11, 187, 278, 282, 287–8, 336n29, 338n33, 342
A Patterne of Universall Knowledge
187
A Reformation of Schooles
282
Janua linguarum
188n85
on universal language
137, 282, 287–8, 342–3
Orbis sensualium pictus
188n85, 278
Panglottia
286–8, 303n100, 319n130, 343n41, n45, 344nn48–9, n51, 351n58
Via lucis
272n14, 292, 319n128, 324–5, 325n130
common use
101–7, 135, 266, 274
in writing
66, 85, 99–107, 182, 274
of words and ideas
103–7, 135, 163–4, 173, 176, 266, 274
communication (in general)
76, 79–80, 101–107, 133, 138, 155, 170, 186, 189, 207, 212–3, 218, 268, 275–9, 284, 340, 344
and double conformity
170, 173, 176
as principal function of language
22–4, 32, 161, 255, 319–20
cipher model of
253–64, 295–304, 323, 334, 340, 349
fixed-code theory of. see code
in Latin
91–101, 268
of sounds
183–4, 270, 275–6, 304–21
of writing/letters
252
secret
139, 220–6, 228–30, 239, 246–57, 278, 281, 349
Toronto School of
33
universal
31, 92, 281–5, 296
oral
31–2, 34, 91, 98, 207, 246, 300
written
31, 34, 80, 92, 98, 138, 181, 199, 281
complex
126–9, 144–7, 218, 280–5, 287, 350
characters
289, 296, 299–302, 311–2, 315, 319
ideas/notions
54–5, 68–80, 102, 107, 111–20, 129, 137, 141–6, 155, 164–6, 170, 176–7, 190–4, 203, 207–13, 266, 273–4, 281–85, 293, 297, 327
speech sounds
85, 292n72
things
77, 127, 218, 282, 328, 350
words
68, 107, 111–2, 139
compositor/composition
54–67, 74, 102, 105, 126, 131, 154–5, 195–8, 241–2
consuetudo. see common use
Condillac, Étienne B. de
123n1, 247n74
Cooper, Christopher
13, 309n112
Cooper, Thomas
262
Coote, Edmund
11–2, 62–3, 185n76, 197, 261n95, 262n96
corpuscular
8n13, 40, 49, 77–9, 121–2, 125–6, 149, 159, 191, 211, 213, 220, 234, 238, 321–5, 331
corpuscularianism
40–2, 144–6, 150–4, 193, 229, 297, 322–3, 330–1, 352
correspondence
analogy; harmony; resemblance
cosmic
335–7
of ideas and their causes
121, 213, 323
of ciphertext and plaintext
234–5, 242–3
of sign and signified
279–80, 288n68, 289, 292, 303, 305, 316
of words and things
116, 144, 182
relational/structural
285, 289, 317–23, 339–40, 343, 345–6, 359–60n66
sound-character
90, 93n61, 271, 306–7, 316
theory of truth
175n51, 210
Cotgrave, John
225n33
Cromwell, Thomas
96
cryptanalysis
223–4, 232–40, 242, 245, 254–56, 303, 260–2, 303, 308, 326n12, 329, 346, 352
and algebra
232n50, 247, 256, 303n99, 331–2
study of nature as
232–4, 323–34
cryptography
9, 221–2, 224–30, 233, 237–41, 252
and orthography
234–46
and real character
225n38, 281, 285n56
as cultural phenomenon
221–34, 300, 323–4, 352
diplomatic
9, 139, 219n23, 229n45, 323–4, 352
manuals of
9, 11–2n18, 221–2, 235, 237, 241
Cudworth, Ralph
39, 51–2
Culverwell, Nathanael
37–9
Daines, Simon
63
Dalgarno, George
88n50, 127, 188, 193, 276–296, 303n100, n101, 309n112, 339–44
Ars signorum
87n48, 88n50, 127, 188n86, 193n106, 276n26, 279–89, 292–6, 301n95, 303n101, 309n112, 319n128, 339, 343–44
Davys, John
223n31, 225, 247n74, 277n28
deciphering. see cipher, cryptanalysis
degrees of alphabetisation
143–5
adaptation
143, 146, 148, 182–3, 267, 280, 282, 285, 323, 334, 346
appropriation
145, 208, 322, 329–30, 346
assimilation
130, 144–48, 169n42, 183, 216, 267, 280, 282, 285, 292, 295, 322, 325, 327, 346
Democritus
40n23
Demosthenes
96
Descartes, René
8n13, 39–42, 50–1, 69–70, 137, 140, 144, 159, 174, 178, 189n88, 209n4, 247n74, 293, 324, 332
Le monde
168–9
letter to Mersenne
128, 293
Meditations
69
on naturae simplices
128
Principles of Philosophy
19, 69, 232n49
Regulae
42, 51, 128, 232n49
dictionaries
107, 188, 266–72, 350
bilingual
186, 261–3, 273
monolingual
14–8, 60, 261–6, 356
polyglot
10, 60, 273, 281
use of
14–5, 261–3
Digby, Kenelm
132n13, 140–1, 351n58
Diogenes Laertius
149–50
distinctive function
of letters/sounds
2, 12n20, 330
of qualities
329–33, 340
of simple ideas
209–10, 330–4
Donatus, Aelius
84, 108n106
double articulation
140, 143, 145, 158n4, 207
Eden
151n47, 287, 343, 359n66
Edmundson, Henry
344n48
Edward VI, King
96–7
Elizabeth I, Queen
97, 223, 227
Epicurus/Epicureanism
40n23, 78, 140, 149, 152–4
Erasmus, Desiderius
92–9, 110n113, 112–3, 117, 130, 259
essence
191–6, 214
and species
77, 129, 166, 173–4, 189–4, 201, 292–3, 320n131, 344
nominal
114, 167, 189–94, 194n107, 203, 214
of letters/littera
305, 308–9
essentialism. see Aristotle
Estienne, Henry
223
Evans, Lewis
187n83
Evelyn, John
97–8
Falconer, John
220n24, 222n27, 225
Ferdinand III, Emperor
281n45
Ficino, Marsilio
144
figura/figure. see littera
First Grammarian
5–7, 12–6
Fisher, John
95
fixed-code theory. see code
Fludd, Robert
336n29
Folkingham, John
313n120
Foxe, John
222
Friendly advice to the correctour
196n109
Galileo Galilei
57n76, 209n4
Gardiner, Stephen
96–100, 185
Gasparino da Barzizza
112
Gassendi, Pierre
40–1, 51, 78, 137, 140–1, 152n50, 154n54, 159, 215–9, 330–1
Exercitationes paradoxicae
215, 217n19
Gessner, Conrad
270
Gill, Alexander
12n18, 61n87, 62, 100, 305n106
Glanvill, Joseph
339
Godwin, Francis
9, 26, 227
grammar/grammarians
30, 83–8, 90–3, 108n107, 109–10, 131, 134n19, 178, 227, 241, 243, 263
accidence grammar
20–1
grammatica positiva
87
Latin
20, 83–4, 87, 108n106, 112, 181
Modistic/speculative
20, 87, 273n18, 308n111, 309n112
Port-Royal
133–4
school grammar
20–1, 83–4, 86, 100
universal
136
Greene, Robert
60, 197n112
Guarino da Verona
112
Haddon, Walter
96
harmony
95, 343n42, 345
correspondence; analogy
of alphabets
297–8, 350
of sign systems
112, 287–8, 337, 339, 347, 350
of world and concepts
112, 287–8, 336–8
of worlds
282, 287, 342, 347, 350
Hart, John
12, 23n33, 61–4, 81, 85n43, 97n71, 100, 102, 105–6, 140, 142, 163–4, 243–5, 259–60, 265–6, 269–70, 299n93, 301n96, 305n106
on benefits of phonetic spelling
246–58, 300–2
on Latin
94n63, n64, 269–70
on orthographic vices
62–4, 72n13, 106–31, 179, 184n70
on writing as painting
87, 89n52, 118, 164
Hartlib, Samuel
139n29, 311–2, 327n15
Helmont, Francis Mercurius van
144
Henrietta Maria, Queen
223
Henry VIII, King
97
hieroglyphic(s). see character
history, disciplinary
1–2, 360
media
33
of grammar
21n27, 108n107, 308n111
of ideas
4n6, 14–5, 334, 345, 349, 352, 355–8
of linguistics
1–2, 6, 14, 31, 200, 248n76, 320, 349n55, 360–4
of philosophy
36, 68, 201
of pre-concepts
15, 36, 355
of science
4n6
of semiology
160
of writing
7n11, 87n48, 105n77, 345–6n52
Hobbes, Thomas
41n25, 47, 51, 189n88
Hodges, Richard
13, 62n90, 100
Holder, William
12–3, 86–7, 110n112, 250, 309n112
on natural alphabet
184, 244, 250, 271–9, 297
on spelling
80n30, 164n21, 244, 250, 269, 271
Hollyband, Claudius
262
Holt, Elizabeth
55
Hooke, Robert
142, 172n45, 229–30, 284n53, 322n1, 327n16, 331–2, 350–1
Hoole, Charles
87n47
Howell, James
188n85
Huloet, Richard
261n95
Hume, Alexander
63, 100
Hume, David
202
Hundt, Magnus
160n10
Huygens, Christiaan
324
ideas
adequate/inadequate
70n5, 111n116, 113, 117, 173n47, 177, 210–11
clear/obscure
44, 51, 69–71, 107, 111n116, 121
distinct/confused
44–6, 53, 72–3, 113n116, 119
likeness of
22, 49, 157–9, 168–72, 177, 182–3, 208–11.
resemblance
real/fastastical
70n5, 73, 89n51, 90, 111n116, 119–20, 142, 180, 202, 209
simple/complex. see simple, complex
true/false
70n4, n5, 111n116, 120, 122, 166–7, 175–85, 210–11, 216
identity
occult sign-signified identity
337, 339–42, 347–9
of ideas
113–6, 152, 211–8
of ideas in different individuals
102, 162, 170, 211–4, 266
of substances/species
192–5
relational/functional of sign and signified
2, 75–6, 202, 229, 238, 255–6, 303, 318–21, 329–34, 342, 347
idols. see Bacon
Isidore of Seville
86n44, 150
Jonson, Ben
100, 104
Jugge, Richard
62n91
Jungius, Joachim
127, 233, 331–2
Kersey, John
264–5
key. see cipher
Kilwardby, Richard
158
Kinner, Cyprian
139, 311–2, 316
Kircher, Athanasius
8n13, 281–2
Lancelot, Claude
134n19
language of nature
233, 303, 328, 335–40, 344, 347–9, 359n66.
signature; Adamic language
Lavoisier, Antoine
352
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm
82, 123n1, 144, 151, 276, 299, 301, 332n23, 343n45
combinatorial art
8n13, 276, 303n99
ars characteristica
127, 137, 158n4, 276–7, 285, 296, 299, 301, 303n99, 344n49, 350
on algebra
247, 296, 332n23
on alphabet of human thought
57, 137, 146n36, 188n86, 296
on deciphering
232, 247, 256, 324
letters, alphabetical
90–91, 139–40, 144, 218–22, 229–40, 242–7, 252–61, 268–75, 280, 304–5, 308–13
cipher, transposition
littera
change/rearrangement of
149–55, 246, 322
function/identity of
195–6, 199–202, 207, 218, 230, 234n53, 238, 334, 342
lexicography
14, 261–5
likeness. see ideas
Linacre, Thomas
96, 134n19
littera
21, 76–91, 93–5, 99–101, 111, 121–2, 126, 130, 143, 146–48, 150n44, 181, 194, 202, 211–6, 234n53, 252, 259, 269–70, 272, 285, 292–8, 308, 313, 320, 353
letter
definition of
85–6
figura/figure
8n16, 21, 84–6, 88–9, 91, 93, 98, 106, 131, 288, 295, 303n100, 308, 318, 331
mental. see characters, mental
nomen/name
10n16, 21, 74, 84–6, 88–9, 259, 308n111
potestas/power
22, 84–6, 88–9, 91, 94, 98, 273, 295, 308n111, 309n112
Lluyd, Edward
151
Locke, John
A Letter concerning Toleration
104
An Essay Concerning Toleration
65n99
and universal languages
106–7, 344n46
Essays on the Law of Nature
226n39, 353–5
Journals
103, 165, 226, 343n43, 353–5
on common use
101–7, 163–4, 176, 266, 274
on double conformity
170, 173, 176, 210, 266n98
on spelling
353–55
on resemblance of ideas
49, 73–4, 167n38, 208–13
Posthumous Works
164n22, 216n17
printing imagery
36–46, 49, 51–58, 100, 103
spelling practice of
65–6
The Correspondence
65, 174n50, 343n43
Lodwick, Francis
13n21, 302, 314n114, 357n58
function of writing
24n33, 250–1, 269, 275–8, 300n94, 301n96, 344
on sound combinations
11–2n18
on universal alphabet
12n18, 13n21, 23n33, 250–1, 274–5, 277, 280n41, 281n43, 311
on universal character
87n48, 275–8, 283n49, 285, 297, 302, 304, 309n114, 351n58
logic
22n29, 125, 127, 157, 160n10, 162–3, 174–80, 184–5, 187, 201, 284, 296, 332n22
Lucretius/Lucretian
40–1n25, 140, 149–50, 153–5
element-letter analogy
41n25, 78, 150, 153, 331
Lullism
8n13
Malebranche, Nicholas
41, 215–9, 330
Manutius, Aldus
93, 96
Marlow, Jeremiah
240n61
Mary I, Queen
96–7, 222
Mary, Queen of Scots
227–8
Meigret, Louis
109
Ménage, Gilles
151
Mersenne, Marin
25, 128, 319, 340n37
on Adamic language
344n47, n51, 359–60n66
on combinatorics
8, 26
on universal language
128, 137
Mesiger, Hieronymus
270, 271n9
millenarianism
286, 343n44
minimal pairs
2–7, 10–3, 15–6, 214, 357n63
Minsheu, John
60
Mirandola, Pico della
144
Molyneux, William
174n50
More, Henry
39
More, Thomas
95
Morland, Samuel
222n27
Moulin, Pierre de
19n24, 20n25, 22n29, 127, 174n49, 201n117
Moxon, Joseph
41, 52n57, 55n69, 56n73, 59, 61–2
Mulcaster, Richard
80n30, 87n48, 99, 105n97, 109n111, 164n21
custom/common use
100–6
spelling proposal
62–4, 106, 243
mysticism
220, 335, 343, 348
Naseby, Battle of
223
Nebrija, Elio Antonio de
84n40, 85n42, 92–3, 95n66, 99
Neoplatonism, Renaissance
8n13, 38, 144, 160, 335–6, 341–2, 347, 350
Newton, Isaac
215, 245, 343, 352
Niccoli, Niccolò
112
Nicole, Pierre
134n19, 163n20
nomenclator
139–40, 143, 224–7, 235–6, 239, 278, 280–1
Norris, Henry
223
occult tradition
226, 323, 335, 337–8, 340–9, 357.
Neoplatonism; semiology
order
order of signification. see ordo significationis
taxonomic/predicamental
21–2, 24, 185–90, 283–5, 289, 292–4, 316, 336n29, 349–50
serial/alphabetical
10, 24, 66, 133, 181–2, 186–90, 235–7, 248, 281–4, 289, 316, 349, 352
ordo significationis/ordo orandi22, 125, 137, 143, 147, 158–61, 171, 263, 323, 333–4. signification, chain of
orthoepy
91, 124
orthography
5–6, 13, 83, 95n66, 107–8, 110, 127, 173, 180–1, 183, 208, 249, 305, 346–54
and cryptography
234–46, 256–7
and spelling vices
107–13, 130–42, 129, 180, 185, 244–6
as part of grammar
21n27, 83, 86, 91, 131, 173, 316
lexical orthography
116, 133, 136–41
mental orthography
102, 111, 113–21, 136, 141–2, 267
vernacular
3, 5–6, 30–1, 60, 62, 64, 107, 119, 241, 246, 298
Palsgrave, John
198n13, 261–2
Paracelsus/Paracelsian
135, 226, 326n12, 335, 339
Parey, Ambrose
53n61
Parker, Matthew
95
Parker, Samuel
38, 133
Parsons, William
240
Peiresc, Nicolas-Claude Fabri de
344n47
Pell, John
137, 140, 293–6, 350
Pentecost
276, 287n65, 343
Pepys, Samuel
226
permutation
111, 148
anagram; transposition
of ideas
8n13, 215–20
of letters
8n14, 218–21, 239, 326
of musical notes
8, 25
of particles/qualities
8n13, 232
of words
219
Perottus, Nicolaus
85n42
Petrus Helias
21
Petty, William
20, 140, 279n34
Phelippes, Thomas
227n43
Philo of Alexandria
38, 107n106, 149
philology, humanist
112, 151, 358–9
philosophical language/character
137, 139, 143–4, 147, 187–8, 285–7, 293, 301–2, 304–10, 359n66.
universal character
phoneme
1–7, 12, 15, 17n23
phonetic/phonetics
2–15, 21, 32, 63, 66, 86, 91, 94, 105, 121, 125–7, 213, 251, 258–60, 269, 273–7, 296–7, 300, 304–11, 315–8
plain style
143–4
Plot, Robert
281n42, 283–4, 313n121
Poliziano, Angelo
113n124
Porta, Giambattista della
9n16, 225n33, 229n45, 239–40, 245
Postel, Guillaume
270
poststructuralism
16, 266, 334, 357
potestas/power. see littera
Power, Henry
339
pre-concepts
15–9, 36, 68, 125, 145, 214, 257, 261, 277, 351–60
presentation (function of signs)
24, 161, 260–4, 317, 352, 357–8
mutual. see signification
presentational theory of writing
24, 255–7, 299, 302–3, 320, 341–2, 348, 357–8
Price, Owen
261n95
printing
36, 59–60, 66, 68–72, 76, 106, 121, 131, 195–6, 199, 222, 240–3, 269–70
fonts
29, 57, 59n81, 66, 195–6, 200, 218, 231–2, 264, 270
invention of
29–30, 32, 37, 67, 143, 181, 196
printing devices
37–43, 48, 53
printing imagery. see Locke
printing offices
39, 51–8, 70–71, 196, 199, 234n53
technology of
32–5, 40, 52–3, 78, 154, 195, 258, 270
Priscian
4n5, 34, 66, 84–7, 150n44, 183
pronunciation
80, 87, 131, 194, 242n63, 259, 354
littera, potestas
mechanical
246–58, 275–6, 286, 300–2
modes/manners of
184, 271–5, 309
of Latin/Greek
30, 91–101, 130, 143, 147n37, 268, 270, 345
Pseudo-Kilwardby
273n18
Puttenham, George
8n14
quadripertita ratio109–113, 118, 123, 136, 143–4, 150–8, 180–1, 184, 251–2. spelling vices; Quintilian
Quintilian
on permutatio litterarum
150n44
on quadripertita ratio
107–11, 121, 133–4, 182, 246
on spelling
85, 110
Rarities, or
223
Rask, Rasmus
7n12
Ray, John
100, 128n5
reading
36, 58, 68–70, 117, 242–4, 253, 259n92, 278
as mechanical activity
246–53, 269–70, 299–302
as phonetisation
23n33, 244n68, 247–53
foreign languages
248–9, 269, 275, 277, 300–1
learning process
10–1, 73, 106, 243–53, 269, 271, 301, 336
of lips
126
of nature
57–8, 324–34, 336, 339, 358–360
silent
23n32, 34
thinking and perception as
52–76, 90
real character
13, 87, 92, 138–40, 143–4, 187, 225n38, 226, 268, 278–86, 290–3, 304–15, 320, 327n15, 335, 340, 344n46, 351
universal character
of sounds
304–21
of things and notions
92, 138–9, 268, 284–95, 304–5, 309–10, 313
representation (function of signs)
48, 254, 258, 260, 284, 316–21, 330–51, 364
Aristotelian semiology
and presentation
24, 255, 258, 263, 299, 320, 330, 341, 357
and signification
22, 149, 158–62, 165, 167, 261–4, 311–2, 316–8
ciphertextual
160–1, 236, 242n63, 255, 258, 299, 329, 338
mental
54–5, 88, 110–3, 116, 120, 149, 157–71, 178, 192, 209, 303
physical
328, 330–4, 335–7
scriptural
22, 34, 77, 79, 87, 123–4, 157–61, 194, 245, 250–7, 263, 279, 294, 311–2
semiology of
22–4, 157–60, 254–6, 304, 312, 316–21, 337, 344, 349, 351
verbal
261–7, 283n48, 302
resemblance
analogy; harmony; correspondence
and analogy
338, 341, 343
episteme of
335
of ideas and qualities
49, 73, 167n38, 168, 208–13
of ideas in different individuals
211–3, 216–9
of sign and signified
285–8
Reuchlin, Johann
93n60, 96–7, 144, 314n121
Rhetorica ad Herennium
107n106
Rhodes, Benjamin
240n61
Rich, Jeremiah
226
Richelieu, Cardinal
223, 225n33
Robinson, Robert
62, 87n48, 91n56, 109n111, 244n68, 249–50, 268–70, 273n18
Sanctius, Franciscus
134n19
Sanderson, Robert
20n25, 174n49
Saussure, Ferdinand de
16, 188n86, 213n12, 261
Scaliger, Joseph Justus
92
Scaurus, Quintus Terentius
108n106, 150n44
scholastic tradition
19n24, 20n26, 157, 161–2, 170, 175, 177, 180, 185, 188–91, 294, 309n112
Schwenter, Daniel
9n16
scriptism
17, 33n7
secret writing
31, 139, 161, 219–30, 235–40, 243–50, 278, 280–1, 325, 346
books on
9, 12n18, 219–25, 240n61, 244–6
secrets, books of
223, 225, 323
Selenus, Gustavus. see Augustus Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
semiology
Aristotelian. see Aristotle
double
255–8, 304, 320–1, 329, 334, 337, 340–1, 348–50
of occult tradition
226, 335–43, 347n53, 349
of writing
23, 85, 183, 253–8
presentational. see presentation
representational. see representation
semiosis, infinite
255, 264–6, 353
Seres, William
12, 61n87
Shelton, Thomas
13n21, 225n38, 226, 236n55, 314
shorthand. see writing
sign/signified
alterity of
255, 318
deferral of
260, 264
identity of. see identity
ultimate
22, 24, 123–4, 134, 147–9, 156, 158–61, 169–70, 182–3, 209, 260–5, 299, 329–30, 334, 338, 341, 361
signatures
38, 173, 226, 318, 336, 339
signification
ordo significationis
chain of
22–4, 109, 123–4, 130, 140, 145–61, 170–2, 181–3, 255, 257, 260, 274, 276, 278, 281, 295–7, 329–30, 341, 346, 353
multiple
260, 264, 267, 318, 358
mutual
255–65, 268, 318, 321, 329, 347
natural
22, 158–9, 164, 169, 337, 340
voluntary
80, 104n95, 162–5, 168, 170–1, 274
simple
apprehension
174, 176–8, 284
conceptual shift in construal of
126–9, 176–7, 281–2
ideas
45n40, 47, 54–7, 70–90, 102, 113–22, 127–9, 141–5, 164–71, 177, 190–3, 202–3, 207–18, 266–7, 273, 293–7, 327, 330–2
letter
129, 234n53, 292n72
natures. see Bacon; Descartes
qualities
49, 81–3, 88, 90, 143, 211, 213, 267, 321, 328–32
sounds
3, 7, 63, 127–8, 184, 243, 269, 275, 292, 294, 317
things
126–9, 137, 176, 280, 284, 288, 305
Simpson, William
10n16, 272n13, 279n34, n35, 280n38, 287n62, 288n66, 319n128, 339n35
Skinner, Stephen
151
Smith, Thomas
12, 87n49, 89n52, 94–109, 164n21, 245n71
on Latin
92, 94–100
on English spelling
62, 80n30, 106, 109, 184–5, 244n68, 250, 299, 305n106
South, Robert
37, 287
Sparrow, Anthony
222n29
speech sounds. see pronunciation; simple sounds; littera
spelling
books
10–12, 30, 56, 60, 66, 100, 197, 240, 243–5
debate
19, 29–36, 64, 91–100, 107–12, 119–20, 130–47, 181, 241, 245, 268–9, 300
definition
75–6, 186, 189–90, 214, 266, 292
mental spelling
111, 114, 119, 136, 142
practice
30, 60–5, 105, 109, 135, 173, 181–4, 243, 253
reform
5, 18, 63, 66, 86, 98, 106, 109, 143, 258, 279, 318, 353
vices
64, 98, 107–22, 130–42, 148–9, 151, 179, 182, 185, 244, 246, 271, 279
Spinoza, Baruch
41
Sprat, Thomas
132n13, 144, 172n45, 359n65
standardisation
194–203
of ideas
102
of spelling
3n4, 29–30, 63–5, 67, 76, 102, 131, 181, 194–203, 207, 261, 298–9
Stanley, Thomas
140, 154
steganography
226, 229, 231–5, 246, 324, 328
stenography
31, 339
writing, shorthand
structuralism
6, 15–6, 318, 357
Strype, John
95n68, 96nn70–1, 99n78
substance
49, 188–91, 194n107, 201–3, 210, 214–5, 284, 330
as collection of properties
51, 75, 81, 128–9, 180, 194, 202n120, 214
Aristotelian
19–20, 127–9, 180, 185–9, 192, 200, 202
demotion of
191–4, 214, 319
ideas of
54, 74–5, 79–80, 102, 111–7, 120, 129, 165–7, 171, 176–7, 194, 209, 284, 297
ideational
213
in general
202–3
words as
20–1, 41, 127
of signs
20–2, 311, 316–8
Sweet, Henry
1, 3, 78, 134n19
taxonomy. see order
Terentianus Maurus
109n109
The Wonders of the Female World
222n29
Thomas, Thomas
262
Top, Alexander
297n90
translation
30, 59, 140, 271
transliteration
270–1
transposition. see cipher
Treby, George
223n32, n33
Trithemius, Johannes
12n18, 225–7, 237–9, 245n71, 281n45
universal alphabet. see alphabet
universal language
10n16, 18, 20, 106, 127, 136, 187–8, 277n30, 279–95, 301, 309, 312n117, 314, 319–20, 332n23, 337, 343–4, 352–3
real character
Urquhart, Thomas
271, 279n36, 283n48, 286n59, 304n102, 339n35, 344n48
Varro, Marcus Terentius
108, 149–50
Vicary, Thomas
53n61
Vieta, Franciscus
247n74, 255
Vigenère, Blaise de
9, 229, 235, 239, 255, 324
Vossius, Gerardus Joannes
151, 308n111
Wallis, John
22n29, 113n121, 163n19, 174n49, 184n70, 288n68, 309n112, 320, 350n56
and algebra
247n74, 332n23
and cryptanalysis
223–5, 239, 247n74, 256, 277
on littera
234n53, 272n16, 292n72, 297
Walsingham, Francis
227
Ward, Seth
140, 287, 304n103, 331, 340
on universal character
127, 137, 188n86, 294–6, 314, 319n128, 343n40, 344n51, 350
Webster, John
144, 294n80, 336, 340n36
Wecker, Johann Jacob
223
White, John
223, 225
Whythorne, Thomas
12
Wilkins, John
13, 100, 127, 174n49, 186, 188, 226, 233n52, 272nn13–4, 272–89, 294n81, 296, 323n2, 331, 338, 340n37, 342n40
Essay Towards a Real Character
13n21, 108n107, 110n112, n114, 186n81, 188nn85–6, 271n9, 272n17, 283, 285–94, 298n91, 301, 303–21, 343n45, 344n46, n47, 350–1
Mercury
9n16, 26, 138n28, 219–22, 226n40, 236n54, 239, 241, 242n63, 246, 278
on spelling vices
135–6, 179, 279n37
phonetic character
303n100, 304–21, 360n66
William of Conches
273
Willis, John
53n61
Wilson, Thomas
95–6, 187n83
writing/writing system
alphabetical
7, 19, 24, 30, 33–4, 70, 76–7, 105n97, 126–30, 140, 144–5, 241, 245, 250–6, 261, 279–82, 292, 298, 303, 322, 330–1, 334, 341, 346, 353
as painting of sound
34, 86–9, 118, 158n4, 183, 194
history of
7n11, 77n24, 87, 105n97, 345n52
ideographic
138, 281
logographic
77
original
334
phonographic
23n33, 30, 62, 77, 79–80, 85, 87, 90, 99–102, 105–7, 110, 182–5, 196, 214, 257
scriptographic
66–7, 71, 195, 199–200
shorthand
13n21, 18, 31, 139–40, 161, 187n84, 225–6, 236n55, 244–5, 278, 313–4, 316, 325, 352–5
typographic
32, 37n13, 40, 43, 47, 64n97, 76, 142, 181, 195, 199–200