Subject Index
academia
as ‘ivory tower’
3 , 77
Bristol University
22
British School at Rome
138
Cambridge University
66 , 70 , 73 , 201
debates within
3 , 5 , 6 , 13
Intelligentsia
30 , 36 , 44 , 117 , 128
katheder-socialism
16
New York University (nyu)
225 –226
Oxford University
201 , 225 , 227
Students
1 , 77 , 167 , 202 , 255
Africa
24 , 26 , 83 passim , 102 , 103 , 106 , 107 , 115 , 140 , 143 , 186 , 193 , 199 , 201ff. , 210 , 212 , 213 , 224 –225 , 228 , 231 , 233ff. , 242 , 243 , 263
Congo
213
gerontocracy
233 , 234 , 244
Guinea
213
Nigeria
201 , 213
Uganda
224 , 225
(
see also
Great Replacement
)
agrarian myth
10 , 18ff. , 23 , 34 , 128 , 235 , 243 , 261
Darwinian
18 , 21 , 23
nature
12 , 18 , 19 , 23 , 32 , 34 , 73 , 121 , 128
pastoral
18 , 23
(
see also
nationalism, populism
)
agrarian question
113 , 119
American path
46
Prussian path
46
agrarian reform
41 , 57 , 111 , 149 , 162
Alegría, Ciro
104
anthropologists
Mauss, Marcel
162
Palerm, Ángel
104
Redfield, Robert
104
Warman, Arturo
104
Aron, Raymond
247
Asia
85ff. , 103 , 111 , 115 , 132 , 146 , 150 , 153 , 176 , 209 , 213 –214 , 217 , 224 , 229 , 265 , 266
(
see also
India
)
Australia
226
Austria
254
Bagehot, Walter
70
Baldwin, James
19 , 230 , 234
Benn, Tony
65
Bernstein, Eduard
31
Bernstein, Leonard
16 –17
Black Panthers
16 –17
Blair, Tony
66 –67
bourgeoisie
2 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 16 , 17 , 24 , 29ff. , 35 , 44 , 46 –47 , 50 , 53 , 56 –57 , 63 , 68 , 74 , 81 , 85 , 86 , 95 , 97 –98 , 102 , 105 , 108 , 121 , 126 , 127 , 130 , 147 , 148 , 149 , 150 , 188 , 197 , 207 –208 , 228 , 234 , 235 , 260
(
see also
capitalism, class, development
)
Brass, Anna Luisa
xii , 28 , 136 , 138
Britain
4 , 8 , 23 , 42 , 63 , 71 , 83 , 91 , 94 , 95 , 104 , 202 , 203 , 208 , 213 , 223 , 263
‘New Labour’
66ff. , 254
austerity
106 , 218 , 254
Brexit
13 , 219 , 222 –223 , 236 , 254 –255
cpgb (Communist Party of Great Britain)
42
Liberal Party
91
London
199 , 202 –203 , 217 , 226
Manchester
95 , 203 –204
ukip (United Kingdom Independence Party)
15 , 255
Victorian
67 , 70 , 151
bureaucracy
32 , 34 , 149
capital, agribusiness
34 , 35 , 84 , 90 , 114 , 132
capital, foreign
7 , 25 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 37 , 52 , 75 , 76 , 79 , 84 , 90 , 103 , 107 , 108 , 132 , 253 , 260 , 262 imperialism
)
capital, industrial
19 , 26 , 32 , 34 , 48 , 68 , 73 , 84 , 91 , 124 , 129 , 144 , 151 , 172 , 182 , 196 , 207 , 208 , 209 , 247 , 261 , 265
(
see also
class, development, Marxism, labour-power, mode of production
)
capital, merchant
26 , 37 , 104 , 125 , 151 –152 , 172 –173 , 181 , 182 , 194 , 196 , 258 , 265
capital, usury
32 , 34 , 35 , 47 , 48 , 52 , 73 , 124 , 126 , 132 , 193 , 207 , 209 , 241 , 248 , 252 , 257 , 262 , 265
capitalism
‘Davocracy’
241 , 252
‘nicer’/‘kinder’
xi , 10 , 12 , 29 , 46 , 57 , 80 , 112 , 114 , 153 , 245 , 251 , 258 –259 , 265
crises
3 , 4 , 5 , 9 , 11 , 33 , 47 –48 , 165 , 247 –248 , 252 , 256 , 261
International Monetary Fund
248
laissez-faire
9 , 15 , 47 , 67 , 148 , 212 , 215 , 232 , 243 , 244ff. , 252 , 254ff. , 267
monopoly
49 , 207
primitive accumulation
186 , 195 , 253
World Bank
215 , 248
(
see
bourgeoisie, class, democracy, development, feudalism, industry, Keynesianism, kulaks, labour, Marxism, mode of production, political economy, rich peasants, socialism, transition
)
Caribbean
26 , 198 –199
Carrillo, Santiago
30
Castro Pozo, Hildebrando
104
Chattopadhyay, Paresh
99
Chayanov, A.V.
86 –87 , 115 , 116 , 122 , 129 , 175 , 181 , 195
(
see also
peasant, populism, Russia
)
China
29 , 47 , 53 , 172 , 176 , 266
Churchill, Winston
213
class
alliances
xi , 6 , 7 , 24 , 29 , 30 , 38 , 39 , 41 passim , 53 , 57 , 68 , 74 , 78 , 122 , 228 , 241 , 245 , 258
aristocracy
17 , 18 , 20 , 23 , 35 , 36 , 147 , 164 , 165 , 166 , 168 , 172 , 208 , 243
landowners
34 , 35 , 37 , 38 , 40 , 44ff. , 57 , 71 , 78 , 85 –86 , 91 , 102 –103 , 116 , 124ff. , 131 , 134 , 143ff. , 152 –153 , 162 passim , 177ff. , 184 , 188 –189 , 208 , 209 , 212 , 243 , 261 , 263
(
see
capitalism, development, land tenure, Lenin, Marxism, mode of production, political economy, reserve army, revolution, state, Trotsky, workers
)
class consciousness
xi , 6 , 7 , 31 , 33 , 35 , 53 , 60 , 62 , 85 , 102 , 131 , 134 , 165 , 188 , 198 , 207 , 227 , 237 , 244 , 246 , 258 , 259 , 261 , 266ff.
class formation
xi , 16 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 119 , 175 , 198 , 207 , 227 , 252 , 258 , 259 , 266 , 268
class struggle
xi , 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 37 , 38 , 44 passim , 59 , 63 , 68 , 81 , 94 , 102 , 106 , 110 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 121 , 122 , 125 , 131 , 133 , 134 , 146 , 147 , 155 , 162 , 188 , 197 passim , 208 , 216 , 218 , 227 , 237 , 238 , 244 passim , 258 –259 , 263ff.
Clay, Henry
231
Cobbett, William
70
Cobden, Richard
70
colonialism
23 , 59 , 61 , 63 , 77 –78 , 83 , 85 , 88 , 92 passim , 103 , 105 , 107 –108 , 112 , 158 , 212ff. , 220 , 228 –229 , 235 , 262 –263 , 265 imperialism, post-colonialism
)
‘revenge’
212 , 237
pauperization and
85 , 99 –100 , 107
communism
14 , 21 , 30 , 35 , 39 , 42 , 46 –47 , 57 , 62 , 65 –66 , 68ff. , 83 , 88 , 102 , 142 , 200 , 204 , 240
(
see also
capitalism, feudalism, Lenin, Marxism, revolution, socialism, transition, Trotsky
)
conservatism
1 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 10 , 14ff. , 24 , 30 , 31 , 34 , 37 , 58 , 60 , 61 , 71 , 75 , 88 , 109 , 118 , 131 , 134 , 141 , 155 , 209 , 238ff. , 255 , 263 , 264
(
see also
bourgeoisie, capitalism, culture, identity, neoliberalism, populism
)
cults
101 , 145
(
see also
religion
)
culture
‘authentic’
24 , 26 , 32 , 34 , 59 , 73 , 75ff. , 84ff. , 101 , 102 , 104 , 129 , 154 , 227 , 235 –236 , 239 , 255 , 266
as ‘cultural cringe’
226 –227
civilization and
22 , 61 , 91 , 138 , 144 , 147ff. , 155 , 168 , 200 , 217 –218 , 231 , 236 , 238
(
see
capitalism, film, Great Replacement, nationalism, peasant, postmodernism, identity, immigration, race, religion, subaltern studies
)
David, Eduard
31
democracy
10 passim , 29 –30 , 42 passim , 52 –53 , 57 , 74 , 76 , 78 , 85 , 110 , 150 , 157 , 208 , 234 , 240 , 243 , 245
citizenship
9 , 15 , 140 , 146 , 148ff. , 158 , 204 , 226 , 252 87 , 169 , 181 , 232ff. , 236 , 238 , 249 , 255 Africa, Great Replacement
)
(
see also
bourgeoisie, capitalism, class, nationalism, socialism
)
deproletarianization
7ff. , 254
decomposition/recomposition
7 , 251 , 264
downsizing
7 , 245
outsourcing/relocation
7 , 106 , 149 , 181 , 216 , 245 , 249 , 257 , 266
restructuring
7 , 11 , 48 , 100 , 106 , 216 , 237 –238 , 249 , 251 –252
(
see also
capitalism, class struggle, development, industrial reserve army, labour-power, lumpenproletariat, Marxism, socialism, transition, workers
)
Deutscher, Isaac
65
development
as modernity
32 , 46 , 61 , 62 , 76 , 79 , 81 , 86 , 104 , 107 , 110ff. , 114 –115 , 122 , 129 , 130 , 147 , 172 , 221 , 241. 252 , 260 , 266
end-of-ideology
4
‘food security’
36 , 92
‘food sovereignty’
36 , 92
paradox
68 , 86 , 144 , 234 –235
retardation
142 , 144 , 149 , 151 , 166 , 170 , 173 , 181
stagnation
25 , 127 , 144 –145 , 155 , 166 , 169 , 258
underconsumption
25 , 144 , 149 , 166 , 175 , 179 –180
(
see
agrarian question, capitalism, class, land tenure, Marxism, mode of production, peasant, political economy, production relations, productive forces, reserve army of labour, transition, workers
)
Dobb, Maurice
4 , 187 , 252
Dodd, William
70
Dunoyer, Charles
246
Dutt, Romesh Chunder
91 , 94 , 96ff. , 100
emigration
49 , 213
(
see also
capitalism, colonialism, Great Replacement, immigration
)
empire
23 , 25 , 74 , 75 , 125 , 137 , 138 passim , 161 passim , 173 passim , 185 , 190 –191 , 203 , 206 , 258 , 260 , 265
(
see also
ancient Rome, Britain, capitalism, imperialism, late antiquity, Russia
)
Engels, Frederick
2 , 35 , 69 , 139ff. , 145 , 165 , 253
ethnicity
(see
cultural turn, far-right, Great Replacement, identity, nationalism, politics, postmodernism, race
)
Europe
11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 23 , 26 , 36 , 37 , 53 , 60 , 71 , 73 , 76 , 85ff. , 90 , 92ff. , 104 , 106 , 117 , 119 , 124 , 132 , 140 , 152 , 154 , 168 , 203 , 208 , 212ff. , 218 , 222ff. , 231 passim , 245 , 247 , 249 , 254 , 260 , 264 , 266
Enlightenment and
32 , 58 , 59 , 112 , 115 , 221 , 242 , 261
Eurocentric
3 , 54 , 58 , 59 , 77 , 78 , 88 , 110 , 112 , 114 , 233 , 242 , 243 , 261
Eurocommunism
30
(
see also
capitalism, development, Great Replacement, immigration
)
famine
38 , 94 , 176 , 184 , 262 , 263
Fanon, Franz
86
farmer movements
35 , 90 , 91 , 109 , 116ff. , 121 , 124 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 133 –134
Bharat v. India
116 , 118 , 134
Joshi, Sharad
116 –117 , 119 , 130 –131 , 134
remunerative prices and
91 , 109 , 116 , 122ff.
Shetkari Sanghatana
131
sugar lobby
123 , 129
Via Campesina
124 , 127 , 128
(
see also
agrarian myth, agrarian question, agrarian reform, India, peasant movements
)
far-right
5 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 –14 , 15 , 24 , 26 , 30 passim , 45 , 53 , 68 , 70 , 75 , 103 , 107 –108 , 110 , 114 , 118 , 120 –121 , 131ff. , 154 , 197 , 205ff. , 216 , 219 , 225 , 237 , 254 , 258 –259 , 263 , 264 , 267
anti-capitalism of
15 , 16 , 33 –34 , 49 , 52 , 58 , 108 , 132 , 240 , 261 , 264
fascism
23 , 30 , 32 , 33 –34 , 46 –47 , 53 –54 , 58 , 68 , 88 , 111 , 121 , 208 , 219 , 240 , 247
Hitler, Adolf
73 , 209
Schmitt, Carl
117
(
see also
capitalism, class struggle, conservatism, Great Replacement, immigration, identity politics, neoliberalism, populism, race
)
Fawcett, Henry
70
feudalism
3 , 6 , 29 , 32 , 35 , 53 , 57 , 76 , 78 , 91 , 102 , 103 , 143ff. , 152 –153 , 155 , 162 –163 , 165 –166 , 169 , 171 , 174 , 176 passim , 195 , 245 , 248 –249 , 259 , 263 , 265
(
see also
capitalism, development, Marxism, semi-feudalism, socialism, transition
)
Figes, Orlando
115 , 119
film
A Canterbury Tale (1944)
18 –20 , 23
A Matter of Life and Death (1946)
18
Black Narcissus (1947)
18
Chinatown (1974)
21
Hot Fuzz (2007)
18 , 20 –23
King Solomon’s Mines (1937)
201
Monty Python’s Life of Brian (1979)
104
Night Train to Munich (1940)
21
Ring of Spies (1963)
21
Sanders of the River (1935)
201
Showboat (1936)
201
Song of Freedom (1936)
201
Star Wars (1977)
22
State Secret (1950)
22
Tawny Pipit (1944)
18 –19 , 23
The Emperor Jones (1933)
201
The Lady Vanishes (1938)
18 , 21
The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (1943)
18
The Proud Valley (1940)
201 –202
The Red Shoes (1948)
18
The Thief of Bagdad (1940)
18
The World’s End (2013)
18 , 21 –23
Wicker Man (1973)
20
film directors
Coppola, Francis
19
de Palma, Brian
19
Gilliat, Sidney
21
Hardy, Robin
20
Hitchcock, Alfred
18 , 21
Jones, Terry
104
Korda, Zoltan
21
Launder, Frank
21
Miles, Bernard
18
Murphy, Dudley
201
Powell, Michael
18 –19
Pressburger, Emeric
18 –19
Scorsese, Martin
19
Stevenson, Robert
201
Tennyson, Penrose
201
Tronson, Robert
21
Whale, James
201
Wills, J. Elder
201
Wright, Edgar
18
film genre
detective
20
Ealing studios
201
film noir
20
zombie apocalypse
22
France
48 , 62 , 68 , 235 –236 , 241ff. , 246
Corsica
73
Gauls
159 , 172
May 1968
4
Paris
4 , 11 , 18 , 226
Vichy 1940
242
Frank, Andre Gunder
171
Germany
19 , 21 , 32 , 36 , 50 –51 , 58 , 66 , 69 , 117 , 149 , 160 , 183 , 193 , 208 , 209 , 219 , 242 , 254
gold
95 , 173 –174 , 182ff. , 196 , 213
Gramsci, Antonio
76 , 118 , 133 –134
hegemony
22 , 48 , 118 , 122 –123 , 130 , 133 –134 , 235 , 245 , 263
Great Replacement
26 , 62 , 151 , 221 , 224 –225 , 231 passim , 238ff. , 245 passim , 255 –257 , 259 , 265 , 267 –268
‘grievance industry’
222
‘white fright’
150 , 233 , 238
‘white tribalism’
239 , 243
‘whiteshift’
236
de-authentication
235 –236 , 239 , 255
de-culturation
235 , 239 , 261
(
see also
capitalism, culture, demography, far-right, identity, immigration, populism, racism, reserve army of labour
)
Greece
146 , 151 –152 , 159 –160 , 169 , 182 , 194 , 195
Delos
194 –195
(
see also
ancient Rome
)
Green, F.E.
70
Groves, Reg
70
Hannington, Wal
70
Hasbach, W.
70
Heath, Richard
70
Hegel, G.W.F.
187 –188
historians
Annan, Noel
65
Ashton, T.S.
71
Beard, Mary
138 , 139 , 157ff.
Berlin, Isaiah
64 –65
Brown, Peter
139 , 153ff. , 160 passim , 170 , 174 , 178 , 189 , 190ff. , 258 , 265
Bücher, Karl
143 , 168
Carr, E.H.
64 –65
de Ste Croix, G.E.M.
139 , 144 , 146 –147 , 155 , 165 , 178 , 194
Elton, Geoffrey
64
Engerman, Stanley M. 184, 187
Finley, M.I.
137 , 170 , 178 , 180 , 190
Fogel, Robert W.
184 , 187
Frank, Tenney
137 , 138 , 139 , 147 , 149ff. , 157 , 165 , 167 , 183
Gay, Peter
64
Jones, A.H.M.
139 , 150 , 161 , 170 , 174 , 180 , 183 –184 , 189 –190 , 194
Meyer, Eduard
137 , 182
Mommsen, Theodor
26 , 137 , 192 –193
Oertel, F.W.
139 , 147ff. , 153 , 184 –185 , 196 , 265
Pipes, Richard
192
Pokrovsky, M.N.
182
Rostovtzeff, M.
189 , 147 –148 , 153 , 162ff. , 170 , 180
Rudé, George
69
Sherwin-White, A.N.
159 –160 , 190 , 194
Tawney, R.H.
71
Taylor, A.J.P.
64
Thompson, E.P.
69
Trevelyan, G.M.
64
Trevor-Roper, Hugh
64 , 90
Walbank, F.W.
139 , 144 passim , 164 –165 , 170 , 180 –181 , 185
(
see also
academia, historiography, Eric Hobsbawm, C.L.R.James
)
historiography
‘minimalist’
177ff. , 193
cliometrician
182 , 184 , 192 , 194 , 196
Communist Party Historians Group
69
Subaltern Studies
12 , 13 , 36 , 59 , 112 , 118 , 129 , 130 , 242 , 261 , 265
Whig
29 , 68
Hobsbawm, Eric
2 , 24 , 56 , 60 , 62 , 63 passim , 68 passim , 76 passim , 82 , 87 , 258 , 263 –264
‘paradoxical compromise’ and
68
British Academy and
68
British Establishment and
2 , 24 , 65ff. , 72 , 79 –80
Companion of Honour
66 –67
(
see also
Marxism, New Labour, social history, the cultural turn
)
Houellebecq, Michel
230 , 241ff.
Howitt, William
70
identity, non-class
xi , 3 , 14 , 16 , 31 , 35 , 47 , 54 , 56 , 58 , 60 , 63 , 79 , 86 , 88 , 89 , 101 , 111 , 114 , 121 –122 , 131ff. , 200 , 203ff. , 216 , 228 , 232 , 236 , 239 , 243 –244 , 257
Arab
236
Caste
116 , 129 , 130 , 185 , 213
gender
60 , 63 , 79 , 121 , 217 , 251
Hindu
121 , 130
Indigenista
104
Muslim
121 , 172 , 223 , 235
Négritude
85 , 87 , 199
(
see also
class struggle, Great Replacement, identity politics, immigration, nationalism, postmodernism, subaltern studies
)
identity politics
xii , 13 , 14 , 15 , 17 , 24 , 26 , 58 , 60 , 70 , 88 , 98 , 110 , 113 , 157 , 197 , 216 –217 , 219ff. , 228 –229 , 230 , 239 passim , 258 –259 , 264 , 268
(
see also
immigration, Great Replacement, far-right, populism, post-colonialism, post-modernism, racism
)
immigration
10 passim , 26 , 48ff. , 99 , 138 , 150 , 198 , 211 passim , 219 passim , 228 –229 , 231 passim , 245 passim , 255 , 259 , 267 –268
as asylum/refuge
11 , 12 , 219ff. , 224
as human right
214
competition and
12 , 13 , 15 , 23 , 47 , 53 , 205 , 215ff. , 219 , 232 , 234 , 237 , 254 , 264 , 268
labour-displacing
252 , 267
morality and
11 , 219 , 241 , 250 –251
open-door
13 , 211 passim , 228 –229 , 248 , 260 , 268
(
see also
capitalism, class struggle, Great Replacement, reparations, reserve army of labour, restructuring
)
imperialism
xi , 24 , 29 , 31 , 33 , 42 , 44 passim , 53 , 61 –62 , 71 , 75 , 77 , 81 , 83ff. , 91ff. , 96 , 102 , 105 , 107 –108 , 152 , 158 , 201 , 236 , 237 , 258 , 262 , 265 , 267
drain thesis
25 , 50 , 83 , 91 passim , 104 –105 , 107 –108 , 212 , 228 , 229
Roman
25 , 152 , 158 , 264 , 265
unequal exchange
92
(
see also
empire, Lenin, Marxism, reparations
)
India
7 , 24 , 25 , 35 , 57 , 59 , 61 , 75 , 78 , 83 , 85 , 90 passim , 105ff. , 109 , 111 , 115ff. , 121 –122 , 124 , 129 –130 , 133 –134 , 167 –168 , 171 , 174ff. , 179 , 188 , 195 –196 , 212 –213 , 223 , 225 , 226 , 243 , 260 , 263 , 265 , 266
Ambani
212
Andhra Pradesh
124
Bharatiya Janata Party (bjp)
118 , 130 , 134
Birla
212
Congress Party
91 , 95
Gandhi, M.K.
61
Hinduja
212
Maharashtra
116 , 121 , 123 , 130 , 131
Mittal
212
Mughal
174 , 176
Punjab
225
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (rss)
130
Shiv Sena
130 , 134
Swatantra Bharat Paksha (bsp)
130
Tata
212
Uttar Pradesh
122
(
see also
Asia, farmer movements, Naoroji
)
Ireland
253
Italy
69 , 140 , 143 , 144 , 148 , 149 , 151 , 152 , 180 , 195 , 208
Campania
151
Naples
73
Ravenna
158
Sicily
73 , 140 , 144
(
see also
ancient Rome, late antiquity
)
James, C.L.R.
26 , 197 passim , 204 passim , 225 , 228 , 258 , 268
‘Comrade Johnson’
204
(
see also
Marxism, Paul Robeson, Trotsky
)
Kautsky, Karl
48 , 90. 113 , 114 , 139 passim , 163 , 165 , 185
(
see also
ancient Rome, Marxism
)
Kay-Shuttleworth, James
70
Keynesianism
3
kulak
24 , 38ff. , 52 , 57 , 90 , 117 , 119 passim , 133 , 181
‘mir-eaters’
126
(
see also
capitalism, Lenin, Marxism, rich peasant, Russia, Trotsky
)
labour
aristocracy
71
bonded
7 , 126 , 127 , 140 , 142 , 164 , 186 , 189
child
248
corvée
124 , 143
female
38 , 208 , 209 , 243
freedmen
149 , 150 , 152
gañanes
179
indentured
189
rent
162 , 169 , 177
serf
125 , 145 , 152 –153 , 162 , 164 , 176 –177
slave
50 , 125 , 140 passim , 151ff. , 158 –159 , 169 , 173 , 176 passim , 188 –190 , 198 , 203ff. , 210 , 213 , 231 , 243
sweatshop
8 , 29
(
see also
capital, class, communism, development, labour-power, Marxism, socialism, workers
)
labour-power
6 , 7 , 24 , 25 , 33 , 48 , 52 , 100 , 105 , 113 , 114 , 122 , 126 –127 , 142ff. , 163 , 166 , 168 –169 , 179 , 181 , 186ff. , 214ff. , 220 , 228 , 234 , 237 , 247 , 248ff. , 253 , 259 , 265 , 267
as commodity
127 , 169 , 188 , 246 , 248
unfree
6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 15 , 62 , 71 , 99ff. , 127 , 142ff. , 146 , 151 , 152 , 158 –159 , 164 , 166 , 169 , 174 , 177 , 181 , 186ff. , 195 , 211 , 243 , 248 , 251 , 259 , 264
Laclau, Ernesto
115 , 117
land tenure
collectives
32 , 34 , 39 –40 , 110 , 122 , 124 , 132 , 199 , 206
colonate
152 , 164 , 166 , 169 , 181
communal
126 , 140
cooperatives
38ff. , 46 , 57 , 86 –87 , 101 , 206 , 210
latifundia, estates
71 , 90 , 140 , 143ff. , 152 –153 , 162ff. , 166 , 168 –169 , 174 , 177 passim , 206
plantation
84 , 90 , 184 , 192 , 198 , 203
sharecropping
134 , 145 , 177 , 178 , 181 , 186 , 189 , 205 –206
tenant/sub-tenant
43 , 78 , 102 , 123 , 124 , 134 , 145 , 152 –153 , 162ff. , 169 , 177ff. , 188 –189
late antiquity
23 , 25 –26 , 62 , 137 passim , 153ff. , 160 , 162 , 165 –166 , 168 passim , 179 passim , 190 –191 , 193 , 195 –196 , 197 , 258 , 260 , 264 –265
‘catastrophist’ models and
147 , 170 , 173 , 174 , 177
as ‘commercial capitalism’
171 , 172 , 182
as ‘new scholarship’
162 , 170
as ‘proto-industrialization’
171 , 177 , 181
as ‘proto-modernity’
171
as ‘quasi-capitalism’
171
Byzantium
145 , 152 , 158 , 181 , 185
(
see also
ancient Rome, development, capitalism, empire, transition
)
Latin America
Amazonia
162
Bolivia
104
Brazil
71
Chile
70
Mexico
37 , 104 , 179 , 204
Peru
71 , 78 , 87 , 104 , 115 , 162
Lenin, V.I.
1 , 24 , 30 –31 , 33 , 35 , 45 , 48 passim , 55 , 76 , 83 , 87 , 89 , 90 , 116 , 119 , 123 , 124 , 133 –134 , 175 , 185 , 195 , 208 , 228 , 249 , 253 , 267 , 268
(
see also
capitalism, Marxism, revolution, socialism, Trotsky
)
lumpenproletariat
11 , 47 , 58 , 73 , 76 , 142
(
see also
capitalism, deproletarianisation, development, Marxism, reserve army of labour
)
Luxemburg, Rosa
76 , 81 , 139 , 143 , 145 , 252
Malthus, T.R.
51 , 232 –233 , 252
Maríategui, José Carlos
104
Marx, Karl
1 , 2 , 4 , 35 , 45 , 67 , 69 , 75 , 76 , 86 , 90 , 99 , 100 , 105 , 106 , 117 , 139ff. , 145 , 165 , 171 –172 , 176 , 182 , 185 passim , 195 –196 , 221 , 252 –253
(
see also
capitalism, class, communism, development, Engels, Kautsky, Lenin, revolution, socialism, transition, Trotsky
)
marxism
(see
class, communism, development, Engels, Marx, Lenin, socialism, Trotsky
)
media
1 , 16 , 17 , 61 , 77 , 105 , 198 , 199 , 218
bbc
66 , 214
methodology
11 , 51 , 60 , 68 passim , 82 , 107 , 111 , 119 , 126 , 138 , 156 , 159 , 161 , 166 , 170 , 184 , 187 , 189 passim , 236 , 260
Middle East
29 , 106
Egypt
145 –146 , 152 –153 , 174 , 178 , 183 , 190 , 192
Syria
146 , 150 , 151 , 152
mode of production
57 , 82 , 99 , 165 , 167 passim , 187 , 195
(
see also
capitalism, development, feudalism, Lenin, Marx, socialism, transition
)
Mouffe, Chantal
115 , 117 , 133 , 245
Naoroji, Dadabhai
91 passim , 104 , 107
(
see also
drain thesis
)
national liberation
207 , 228
national question
81 , 207
national self-determination
204ff. , 208 , 210 , 228
nationalism
xi , xii , 5 , 13 , 24 , 29ff. , 37 , 43 passim , 52 , 59 , 61 , 71 , 74ff. , 78 , 81 , 83 , 85 , 88 –89 , 93 , 99 , 101 –102 , 104 , 107 , 113 , 116 , 118 , 132 , 134 , 202 , 206 , 208 , 210 , 214 , 219 , 230 , 242 , 243 , 247 , 249 , 254 , 258 , 263 , 266 , 267 , 268
‘social-chauvinism’
49 , 267
‘social-patriotism’
50
(
see also
capitalism, identity, populism, Stalin
)
neoliberalism
5 , 7 , 9 , 15 , 33 , 71 –72 , 76 , 104 , 111 , 112 , 114 , 132 –133 , 182 , 211 , 219 –220 , 229 , 232 , 239 , 241 , 244 passim , 259 , 260 , 264
Friedman, Milton
248
Hayek, F.A.
248
market, free
95 , 248
neoclassical economics
182 –183 , 184 , 185 , 192 , 195 –196 , 211 , 246 , 248 , 265
Rothbard, Murray
248
von Mises, Ludwig
248
(
see also
bourgeoisie, capitalism, class, conservatism
)
New Left
4 , 84 , 240
ngos
248
Page Arnot, R.
70
peasant
‘disguised’ wage labour
175 , 187 , 195
differentiation
24 , 30 , 32ff. , 36 , 37 , 39 , 41 , 52 –53 , 56 , 58 , 60 , 73 , 76 , 78 , 79 , 83ff. , 90 , 93 , 105 , 107 , 114 , 119 –120 , 123 –124 , 129 , 133 , 175 , 178 –179 , 258 passim
economy
15 , 16 , 33 , 75 , 81 , 86 , 87 , 92 , 106 , 113 , 122 , 132 , 169 , 176 , 259 , 262
essentialism
3 , 14 , 24 , 31ff. , 53 , 58 , 75 –76 , 79 , 100 , 107 , 110 , 113 , 129
family farm
24 , 32 , 34 , 52 , 103 , 114 , 181
household
25 , 87 , 120 , 125 –126 , 175 , 179 , 181 , 195
middle
24 , 31 , 32 , 38ff. , 87 , 108 , 119 –120 , 124 , 125 , 128 , 131 , 133 , 262 , 263
patriarchy
35 , 119 –120 , 125
poor
33 , 38 –39 , 41 , 52 , 63 , 73 , 75 , 97 , 102 , 113 , 114 , 121 , 122 , 126 , 134 , 245 , 262
rich
7 , 35 , 37 , 38 , 41 , 57 , 63 , 73 , 86ff. , 90 , 102 , 103 , 114 , 117 , 120 passim , 131 , 133 –134 , 260ff.
(
see
agrarian myth, agrarian question, agrarian reform, capitalism, Chayanov, class, culture, development, farmer movements, identity, kulak, labour, land tenure, Lenin, Marx, mode of production, nationalism, populism, postmodernism, transition
)
peasant movements
24 , 42 , 111 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 129
Green International
124 , 128
Peasant Leagues (Brazil)
71
Poland
204
political economy
xii , 9 , 11 , 12 , 14 , 17 , 36 , 54 , 57 , 63 , 70 , 82 , 98 , 109 , 111 , 129 , 143 , 227 , 239 , 245 , 246 , 256 , 258 , 261 , 264 , 266 , 268
(
see also
capitalism, class, Keynesianism, Marxism, socialism
)
populism
‘authoritarian’
15 , 241
‘bad/nice’ variants
15 , 110 , 111 , 114 , 132
‘land sovereignty’
36 , 128
‘left/right’ variants
245
‘peasant autonomy’
128
anti-semitism
13
ecofeminism
112 , 118 , 129
everyday-forms-of-resistance
13 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 63 , 112 , 118 , 242 , 259 , 261 , 266
pro-peasant/farmer-first
25 , 35 , 83 , 89 , 104 , 119
Radical Chic
15ff.
rurality
14 , 16 –17
(
see
agrarian myth, capitalism, Charan Singh, Chayanov, class struggle, development, far right, post-modernism, post-colonialism, post-Marxism, Subaltern Studies, Teodor Shanin
)
populism, agrarian
12 , 24 –25 , 29 , 31 passim , 52 , 61 , 73 , 78 , 88 , 92 , 103 , 109 passim , 115 , 117 , 119 passim , 127 passim , 258 , 261 –262
(
see also
agrarian myth, Chayanov, culture, farmer movements, identity, India, kulak, land tenure, nationalism, peasant movements, postmodernism, Russia, Teodor Shanin
)
post-capitalism
112 , 129
post-colonialism
26 , 35 , 46 , 83 , 99 , 112 , 129 , 198ff. , 213 passim , 223 passim , 232 , 242 , 244 , 258 , 264 , 266ff. identity politics, populism, postmodernism
)
post-development
36 , 112 , 114 , 242 , 261
post-Marxism
112 , 129 , 239 , 245
post-modernism
aporia
62 , 158 , 161
as ‘cultural turn’
xii , 2 , 26 , 30 , 37 , 45 , 50 , 53 , 55 , 56 , 58 , 62 , 70 , 72 passim , 82 , 109ff. , 132 , 134 , 139 , 240 , 243 –244 , 261 , 263 , 264
as ‘left-modernism’
239 –240 , 242 , 243
as ‘social justice warriors’
241
Baudrillard, Jean
58
Derrida, Jacques
58 , 160
Foucault, Michel
47 , 58 –59 , 73 , 76 , 160
inclusivity
235 , 239 , 240 , 263
Kristeva, Juliet
62
Lyotard, Jean-François
58 , 160
multiculturalism
159 , 220 , 223 , 240
political correctness
200 , 218ff. , 229 , 240 , 242
Spivak, Gayatri
62
production relations
6 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 29 , 62 , 71 , 94 , 100 , 125 , 166 , 169 , 177 , 178 , 179 , 189 , 195 , 243
(
see also
capitalism, class, feudalism, labour, land tenure, Marx, peasant, workers
)
productive forces
canals
94
irrigation
94 , 105 , 124 , 152 , 168
railways
43 , 94 , 210
technology
22 , 76 , 143 , 146 , 153 , 169 , 211
proletariat
(see
capitalism, class, deproletarianisation, labour, labour-power, Marxism, political economy, production relations, revolution, socialism, workers
)
race
43 , 54 , 197 , 200 passim , 216 , 220 , 222 , 224 , 227 , 231 , 238 –239 , 268
discrimination
205 , 207
emancipation
197 , 199 , 208 , 216
racism
63 , 207 , 216 , 222 , 223 , 241 , 256
riots
205 , 223
segregation
207 –208
(
see also
anti-semitism, class, Great Replacement, identity politics, populism, nationalism
)
reformism
xi , 4 , 9 , 30 , 46 , 57 , 60
Reinaga, Fausto
104
religion
5 , 14 , 18 , 25 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 45 , 60 , 72 , 79 , 88 , 124 , 129 , 130 –131 , 137 passim , 153 passim , 165 –166 , 168 , 170 , 189ff. , 213 , 231 , 232 , 235 , 241 , 260 , 268
Bali Raj
131
Christian
138 , 140 passim , 156 –157 , 163ff. , 191 –192 , 219
congregation and
140 –141 , 157 , 165
Emperor-worship
146 , 150 , 157 , 166
gift-giving
161 , 166
Islam
141 , 217 , 223 , 241
Messiah
142 , 145
Mithraism
145
Nicene Council
141
(
see also
culture, identity, nationalism, race, populism, Rome
)
reparations
23 , 25 , 92 , 104 , 105 , 212 , 214 –215 , 220 , 228 –229 , 268
(
see also
colonialism, immigration, imperialism, post-colonialism
)
reserve army of labour
3 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 25 , 31 , 33 , 47 , 49ff. , 63 , 76 , 83 , 99ff. , 105ff. , 113 , 197 , 211 , 216ff. , 229 , 232 –233 , 238 , 245 passim , 255ff. , 260 , 264 , 267 , 268
metropolis/periphery
25 , 53 , 100 –101 , 105ff.
(
see also
capitalism, class struggle, deproletarianisation, lumpenproletariat
)
revolution
xi , 3 , 4 , 5 , 10 , 16 , 30 passim , 42 –43 , 52 –53 , 56 , 71 , 78 , 80 , 86 –87 , 104 , 107 –108 , 112 , 117 , 119 , 120 , 127 , 140 , 147 , 148 , 156 , 199 , 206 , 208 , 210 , 253 , 260 , 261
1789 French
32
1917 Russian
37 , 40 , 90 , 119 –120 , 148
1962 Cuban
104
Green
119 , 245
Permanent
30 , 37 , 42
(
see also
capitalism, class, development, Lenin, Marxism, transition, Trotsky
)
Robeson, Paul
26 , 66 , 197 passim , 209ff. , 216 , 220 , 225 , 228 , 258 , 268
huac and
198 –199
internationalism of
202 , 208 , 228
travel ban
66 , 198
romanticism
17 , 32 , 51 , 73 , 75 , 89 , 129 , 253
Rome, ancient
25 , 104 , 137 passim , 150 passim , 164 , 167 , 177 , 180ff.
‘state-socialism’ in
148 –149
Aquileia
193
Augustus
146 , 148 , 149 , 152 , 181
barbarians and
138 , 147 , 160 , 183
Caesar, Julius
146
Caracalla
148
Claudius
151
Constantine
145 , 146
Juvenal
159 –160
Lucian
159 –160
Pliny
160
Republic
149 , 150 , 151 , 152 , 164 , 166 , 172
Trajan
138
Vespasian
148
Rostow, W.W.
247
Rubin, Isaac Ilyich
185
Russia
25 , 32 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 40 , 42 , 45 , 51 –52 , 57 , 87 , 89 –90 , 103 , 111 , 115ff. , 119 –120 , 124 passim , 133 , 147 , 175 , 182 , 209 , 210 , 260
Bolsheviks
38 , 45 , 115 , 116 , 148
Cossacks
38 , 126
Czar
125
mir
120 , 126 , 133
Molotov-Ribbentrop pact
70
Moscow trials
70
Narodnism
35 , 37 , 51 –52
New Economic Policy
39 , 127
Soviet Union
42 , 57 , 70 , 148 , 176 , 209 , 231
Scargill, Arthur
65
semi-feudalism
6 , 7 , 29 –30 , 56 –57 , 63 , 74 , 75 , 78 , 99 , 100 , 152 , 166 , 171 , 175
(
see also
feudalism, Stalin
)
Shanin, Teodor
115 , 119 , 120
Sidgwick, Henry
70
Singh, Charan
122 –123
Sismondi, Jean Charles Léonard de
51 –52
Smith, Adam
188
social history
24 , 55 passim , 67 –68 , 72 –73 , 77 , 79 –80 , 263
bandits
71 , 73 , 87 , 173
social sciences
1 , 2 , 89 , 104 , 112 , 155 , 258 , 260 , 266
anthropology
82 , 104 , 107 , 156 , 161 , 186 , 191
sociology
1 , 2 , 11 , 82 , 90 , 107 , 118 , 122
socialism
xi , 3 , 5 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 16 , 23 , 24 , 29 , 30ff. , 38 , 39 , 40ff. , 46 –47 , 52 , 56ff. , 62 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 75 , 78 , 80 , 83 , 88 , 89 , 103 , 111 –112 , 128 , 132 , 140 , 148 , 149 , 176 , 198 , 199 , 206 , 208ff. , 227 –228 , 242 , 243 , 245 , 247 , 248 –249 , 254 , 258ff. , 265 , 268
(
see also
capitalism, class, communism, conservatism, feudalism, Lenin, Marx, revolution, Trotsky
)
Sombart, Werner
143 , 168
Spain
42 , 47 , 54 , 208 , 209
Catalonia
204
Franco
42
International Brigades
209
Republic
208 , 209
Stalin, Joseph
24 , 29ff. , 34 , 39 , 40 passim , 52 –53 , 55ff. , 68 , 74 , 76 , 78 , 83 , 204 , 207 , 210 , 228 , 258
Comintern
30
Popular Front
29ff. , 34 , 46 , 47 –48 , 53 , 68 , 74
State
7 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 21 , 30 , 32 , 34 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 44 , 45 , 47 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 64 , 68 , 77 , 79 , 82 , 85 , 86 , 91 , 103 , 110 , 114 , 124 , 127 , 128 , 132 , 133 , 140 , 142 , 146 passim , 161 , 164 , 175 , 176 , 185 , 188 , 195 , 198 , 205 , 206 , 209 , 210 , 211 , 234 , 242 , 243 , 245 , 248 , 250 , 263 , 267
Independent
210 , 228
New
85 , 86 , 102
public spending
106 , 250
welfare
4 , 164 , 209 , 218 , 234 , 237 , 245 , 250 , 263
Switzerland
21 , 50
taxation
91 , 104 , 147 , 161 , 174 –175 , 184
trade unions
205 , 207 , 208 , 253 –254 , 267
transition
agrarian
23 , 32 , 132
capitalist
13 , 23 , 57 , 75 , 249
feudal
23 , 166 , 181 , 249
socialist
xi , 3 , 5 , 6 , 9 , 15 , 16 , 30 , 34 , 42 , 46 , 47 , 75 , 76 , 78 , 111 , 199 , 209 , 228 , 252 , 259 passim
systemic
3 , 23 , 25 , 26 , 30 , 32 , 52 , 61 , 68 , 75 , 113 , 132 , 139 , 142 , 165 , 169 , 181 , 210 , 249 , 255 , 258ff. , 268
Trotsky, Leon
24 , 30 passim , 40 passim , 52 –53 , 55ff. , 68 , 76 , 89 , 119 , 182 , 204ff. , 210 , 252
Left Opposition
38 , 40 , 41 , 45 , 52 , 127 , 197
(
see also
capitalism, class, communism, Lenin, Marx, revolution, Russia, socialism, transition, workers
)
Turgot, Anne-Robert-Jacques
246
United States
4 , 15 , 23 , 26 , 42 –43 , 93 , 198 –199 , 203 passim , 215 , 223ff. , 228 , 231 , 234 , 237 , 253 , 267
American Communist Party
204
Chicago
104 , 203 –204
Mississippi
203 , 206 , 209
New Deal
205
Northern
205 , 207 , 260
Southern
43 , 140 , 184 , 203ff. , 207 , 213
villages
19ff. , 32 , 34 , 38ff. , 59 , 61 , 81 passim , 101 , 116 , 120 , 125 –126 , 133 , 177 , 191 –192 , 225 , 235 , 236 , 263
Wales
201 –203
war
1914–18
19 , 267
1939–45
16 , 124
American civil
94 , 204 , 205
captives
143
Cold
82 , 176 , 195 , 247
Punic
151 , 182
Spanish civil
208ff.
Weber, Max
143 , 168ff. , 179 –180
West Indies
199 , 204
workers
4 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 15 , 33 , 38 , 40 , 41 , 42 passim , 58ff. , 68 , 71 , 74ff. , 78 , 81 , 86 , 93 –94 , 97 , 100 passim , 113 , 121 , 126 –127 , 140 , 142 , 147 , 164 , 168 –169 , 173 –174 , 176ff. , 183 , 187ff. , 196 , 202 passim , 216 , 218 , 220 , 225 , 228 , 231 , 234 , 237 –238 , 244 , 245ff. , 250 passim , 258 , 260 , 263 passim
agricultural
53 , 63 , 79 , 94 , 97 , 112 , 114 , 129 , 191
deskilled
106 , 142
miners
65 , 201ff. , 209
skilled/unskilled
71 , 101 –102 , 106 , 183 , 194 , 211 , 255 , 266
(
see also
capitalism, class, deproletarianisation, immigration, labour, labour-power, Marxism, reserve army
)
Worsley, Peter
2 , 24 , 82 passim , 101 passim , 262 , 263
Yugoslavia
71