Index
Where items are referred to in the text in multiple languages, the language of most frequent occurrence is indexed, with cross-references as necessary. Bibliographical references and modern authors are excluded from the index. Ar. = Arabic, Gz.= Gǝʿǝz
71 Canons
: 247n, 248
Abādir ʿUmar al-Riḍāʾ, šayḫ
: 149, 150
Abäzo, region/local-religious polity
: 77
Abbay, river
: 398, 400
Abbayya, lake
: 127, 353
abbess(es)
: 373, 436
ʿAbd al-Muʾmin, šayḫ
:151
Abrǝha, saint/Aksumite military leader
: 280;
Life of
, 280, 281n
Abrǝha wä-Aṣbǝḥa, church
: 169, 170, 172, 175, 176, 330n, 332, 342
Absadi, abbot/saint
: 241, 232, 318;
Life of
, 214n, 272n, 318n
Abū Bakr b. Muḥammad b. Azar, sultan
: 105, 457, 458
Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq, caliph
: 150
Abū Ḏarr al-Ġifārī, companion of the Prophet
: 149n
Abū Hurayra, Islamic authority
: 146n
Abū-l-Fidāʾ, author
: 403
Abū l-Makārim, author
: 176n
Abūn (or Aboññ) b. Adaš, garād
: 157, 158, 457
accordion book (Gz. sǝnsul)
:
see manuscript forms
Acts of the Apostles
: 171
ʿāda, pre-Islamic practice
: 144
ʿAdal (Gz. Adäl), region/sultanate
: xvi, xvii, 66, 76, 77, 78, 79, 95, 103, 106, 148, 150n, 156, 157, 446, 469.
Barr Saʿd al-Dīn
ʿAddi Abun, locality
: 174
ʿAddi Qešo, locality
: 180
Aden
:
city
, 90n, 93, 110, 416, 418, 442, 462;
gulf of
: 86, 89, 96, 427
Admas Mogäsa
: 390, 391.
Ǝleni
Adulis, port
: 3, 154, 166, 169n, 197, 203, 222
afä-ṣäḥafä lam, office
: 74
ʿAfar, language
: 26; people, 420
Afnin, painter
: 364
Afṣe, saint
: 200;
Life of
, 280
After he ascended (Gz. Ǝmdǝḫrä ʿargä)
: 242
ʿAgamä, region
: 34, 43, 147
Agäw, language
: 26, 49, 50, 51;
linguistic-ethnic group
, 31, 49, 50, 51;
region
, 66
Agobo Qirqos, church
: 329, 332
agriculture(-al)/farming
: 1, 15, 18, 24, 66, 106, 112n, 124, 131, 138, 395, 396, 398, 399–404, 406, 408, 410, 413, 424, 471
Agula, locality
:
Aksumite church of
, 166, 339
Ahəyya Fäǧǧ, mountain pass
: 421
Aḥmad b. Ibrāhīm, imam
: 6, 7, 16, 75, 93, 104, 105, 109, 133, 145, 147, 156, 157, 158, 159, 192, 338, 366, 387, 393, 454–466, 468, 473
Aḥmad b. Ladaʿ Uṯmān, son of governor
: 157
Akko Manoye, Oromo queen
: 386
Aksum, city
: xvii, 9, 28, 34, 38, 46, 53, 55, 60, 65, 67, 68, 80, 81, 83, 120, 166, 199, 200, 204n, 205, 209, 234, 236, 238, 257, 258, 269, 316, 322, 324, 329, 351, 374n, 399, 412, 423, 476
Aksum, kingdom of/Aksumite
: 2, 3, 4, 17, 26, 31, 33, 34, 36, 38, 40, 41, 50, 55, 88, 114n, 116n, 117, 120n, 165, 169, 194, 197, 201n, 202, 203, 204, 218, 219n, 222, 234, 238n, 252, 283, 321, 328, 329, 384, 387, 399, 412, 444
Aksumite Collection
: 165, 167–168, 218n, 225, 228, 248–251, 288, 293, 303n
Alef, saint
: 200;
Life of
, 280
Alexandria
:
patriarch(s) of Alexandria
city
, 141, 153n, 166, 168, 226, 428, 446;
church/patriarchate of
, 24, 29, 37, 39, 40, 41, 53, 163, 164, 165, 191, 202, 214, 285n (
Coptic; Egypt, church of
);
Synod of Alexandria
, 247n.
Alǝyyu-Amba, locality
: 414
alga-bed, furniture
: 320
Almeida, Manoel de
: 378, 419
altar/altar table (Gz. mänbärä tabot)
: 41, 44, 47, 123, 166, 167, 170, 171, 172n, 173, 175, 176–182, 184, 193, 320n, 335, 336, 359–360, 380, 392n;
outside Ethiopia
: 176n, 430, 434
altar tablet (Gz. tabot)
: 133, 174, 178, 179, 181, 182, 193, 320, 339n, 358, 359
Alvares, Francisco, embassy chaplain/author
: 29–30, 62, 67n, 73, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 102, 103, 105, 109, 182, 191, 336n, 338, 364, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372n, 375, 378, 379n, 380, 391, 392n, 393, 402, 403, 406, 411, 413, 417, 421, 422, 436, 446, 449, 467
Amätä Giyorgis, official
: 76
Amäta Lǝʿul, queen
: 354, 379, 447n
Amba Dära Maryam Mägdälawit, church
: 300
Amba Gǝšän, locality
: 28, 57, 58, 181, 351, 352, 420.
Gǝšän Maryam
ʿAmdä Mikaʾel, official (bǝhtwäddäd
), 75, 390, 393
ʿAmdä Ṣǝyon, king
, 7, 38, 59, 60, 62, 64, 67, 69, 70, 71, 98n, 100, 174, 236, 238, 258, 259, 271, 272, 351, 377n, 382, 387, 415, 429, 456
ʿAmdä Ṣǝyon II, king
: 58n, 391n
Amhara (Ar. Amḥara)
: region, xvi, 1, 5, 54, 57, 60, 65, 67, 69, 75, 84, 99, 101, 111, 119, 134, 137, 138, 155n, 182, 211, 338, 341, 408, 414, 419, 421, 461, 475, 476;
ethnicity
, 133, 316n, 357, 474n
Amharic, language
: 8n, 11n, 26, 49, 50, 115, 133, 137, 147n, 244n, 273n, 283, 284, 377n, 397, 411, 422, 455n
anaphora(s)
: 165, 166, 167, 171, 183, 184, 185, 186, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 254, 262, 407n, 439
Anbäsa Wədəm, aṣe
: 174n
“Ancona,” locality
: 414
Ancoratus by Epiphanius
: 225
Angot, region
: 66, 67, 109, 371, 414, 475
Anorewos, saint
: 212;
Life of
, 212, 272
Anṣokiya (Ar. Anṭākya), locality
: 460
Anthony, saint
: 199, 281;
Life of
, 202, 224;
Egyptian monastery of
: 183, 234, 235, 288n, 292, 362, 363, 429, 434
apocrypha (parabiblical writings)
: 198, 202n, 224, 225, 228n, 230, 232, 233, 244, 252, 258, 282, 286, 348, 349, 351
Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles
: 232, 244, 245, 282n
Apostolic canons (Gz. Abṭǝlis)
: 242, 247
ʿaqaṣen/ʿaqqabe ṣänṣän/ʿaqänṣän, office
: 46, 68n, 354
aqet žər rasočč, office
: 74
ʿaqqabe säʿat, office
: 28, 46, 58n, 71, 73, 74, 83, 84, 349, 369, 377, 390, 408, 432n
ʿaqqabe ṣänṣän/ʿaqänṣän
:
see ʿaqaṣen
ʿArab Faqīh (a.k.a Šihāb al-Dīn), author
: 108, 147, 455, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461.
Futūḥ al-Ḥabaša
ʿArābabni, sultanate/Islamic region
: 99, 419
Arabia/Arabian Peninsula
: 6, 34, 86, 89, 90, 92, 97, 107, 148, 149, 152, 160, 266, 280, 359, 387, 414, 415, 418, 428, 441, 442, 446, 448, 449, 455n, 460
Arabic, language
:
in medieval Ethiopia-Eritrea
, 25, 91, 95, 111, 112, 284n, 420;
medieval Ethiopian-Eritrean texts in
, 86, 87, 93, 98, 141, 144, 152, 388, 459, 469 (
inscriptions
);
translations into Gǝʿǝz from
, 55, 59, 68, 183, 202n, 217, 218, 221, 224n, 226, 227, 228–230, 233, 237–239, 243, 244, 247, 250, 251, 253, 257–258, 265, 266, 267, 351
Arbaʾtu Ensǝsa, locality
: 166
Arethas (Gz. Ḫirut), saint, Acts of
: 53, 229, 266, 279
Argobba, language
: 26, 50, 137
Ark of the Covenant
: 180, 237, 257
Armaḥ, Aksumite king
: 53
Armenia
: 179, 435
Armenian(s)
: 242, 417; language, 292n
Aron, saint
: 212;
Life of
, 212, 231, 373n
army
:
Christian royal
, 67, 71, 72, 76, 82, 83, 100, 259, 393, 409, 461, 462, 464, 471, 473, 475;
Christian rebel
, 65, 67;
Islamic
, 6, 76, 105, 108, 147, 157n, 159, 456n, 457, 459, 460–461, 464;
Ethiopians in foreign
, 449–450
Arsenofis, saint, Acts of
: 266
Ašange, lake
: 34
Ašätän
:
mountain
, 330;
Ašätän Maryam, church
, 179
Asbäri, locality
: 106, 110, 151
Aṣbǝḥa
:
see Kaleb
Ascension of Isaiah
: 202, 224, 287
Asmara, locality
, 331
Asmara Ǝnda Maryam, church
: 324
Asnaf Sämra, princess/official
: 80
ʿAssǝda, Zagwe royal ancestor
: 41, 42, 44, 50, 51
Athanasius (Gz. Atǝnatewos), saint/patriarch of Alexandria
: 162, 195, 198, 202, 241n;
anaphora ascribed to
, 184
Athanasius of Clysma, saint, Acts of
: 229, 266
Atronsä Maryam, church
: 60, 339
Awan, locality
: 414, 415
Awaš, river
: 475n, 127
Awiya, language
: 49
Awsa, region
: 159, 465, 466
al-Azhar, mosque in Cairo
: 107, 153, 443–444, 452
Azqir, saint, Acts of
: 227n, 229, 266
azmač, office
: 78, 82
azzaž, office
: 72, 83, 115n, 379, 421, 423
bäʿaltä šǝḥna, title
: 377
bäʿaltiḥat/bäʿaltä biḥat, title
: 44, 45, 377, 389, 390
Bab el-Mandeb
: 285
Bädbaǧ, locality
: 421
Badǝqe (Ar. Bādaqī), locality/battle site
: 101, 459
Badīt bint Māyā, Islamic queen
: 93, 141, 388
Badlāy (Gz. Bädlay), sultan
: 76, 78, 104
Badr al-Ǧamali, Fatimid vizir
: 175n
Bäʾǝdä Maryam, king
: 60, 75, 76, 78, 80, 84, 98n, 101, 102, 104, 109, 191, 259, 339, 357, 390, 391
Bägemdǝr, region
: 373, 461
Baghdad
: 95, 445, 450
Baḥǝr nägaš, region
: 371, 469
baḥǝr nägaš/baḥǝr nägaśi, title
: 81, 82, 368, 378, 461, 468, 470
Baḥrǝy, author
: 471–474, 475, 476n
Bäläw, region
: 69
Bali (Ar. Bāli)
: xvi, 37n, 66, 69–70, 76, 78, 82, 83, 99, 101, 102, 152, 384n, 419, 461, 464, 474
Bamo, gärad of Hadiyya
: 77, 78
banana
: 106, 403.
food: foodstuffs
banquet(s)
: 60, 61, 377, 422.
Śǝrʿatä gǝbr
Banū l-Ham(u)wīya, people
: 37, 141, 384
baptism
: 39, 165, 167, 168, 231, 248n, 368, 379n;
baptismal catechesis
, 166;
baptismal tank
, 167, 172
Bärakit Maryam, church
: 169, 170
Bärara, locality
: 109, 414
Barqūq, Mamluk ruler
:449
Barr Saʿd al-Dīn, sultanate
: xvii, 6, 66, 102–105, 108, 110, 148, 454–460, 463, 464–466, 476.
ʿAdal
barter
: 111, 418–419, 420
Bärtälomewos, metropolitan
: 215
Bäṣälotä Mikaʾel, saint/monk
: 212, 213n, 240;
Life of
, 212n, 272
Basilica, church form
: 172, 180, 333
Basilides (Gz. Fasilädäs), saint
:
Acts of
, 235
Bati, locality
: 414
Bäträ Maryam, saint, Life of
: 276
Bawit, church in Egypt
: 178
Bǝgwǝna
:
see Bugna
bǝhtwäddäd, office
: 58n, 71–2, 75, 76, 82, 83, 84, 377n, 389–90
Bǝlen Säba, queen
: 68, 377n
Bǝlǝn Sägäd, official
: 354
bəranna (codex)
:
see manuscript forms
Berber, language
: 285n
Bǝrbǝr Maryam, church
: 353
Bǝrhan Zämäda, princess
: 389
Bermudes, João
: 462, 471
Betä Däbrä Sina, church in Lalibäla
: 177, 179, 182n
Betä Dänagǝl, church in Lalibäla
: 177n
Betä Ǝsraʾel, people
: 19–20, 77, 410–411, 447
Betä Gäbrǝʾel and Rufaʾel, church in Lalibäla
: 177, 333, 334
Betä Giyorgis, church in Lalibäla
: 177n, 333
Betä Golgota, church in Lalibäla
: 177, 182n, 313n, 336, 337
Betä Lǝḥem Maryam, church
: xvii, 47n, 180, 193, 336, 338, 352
Betä Libanos, church in Lalibäla
: 177, 178, 374n
Betä Mädḫäne ʿAläm, church in Lalibäla
: 33, 41, 47, 177, 178, 286, 287
Betä Maryam, church in Lalibäla
: 178, 335, 336, 343
Betä Mäsqäl, church in Lalibäla
: 177
Betä Śǝllase, church in Lalibäla
: 177
betä nǝguś (royal house)
: 423
Bethlehem
: 434
Bible, biblical
: 5, 8, 35, 59, 60, 118, 165, 167, 174, 185, 217, 220n, 223n, 224, 229, 232, 233, 246, 252, 258, 281n, 349, 350, 370, 385, 473.
Biblical books
:
Daniel
, 232, 287;
Isaiah
, 232, 287;
Job
, 232, 287;
Lamentations
, 260;
Wisdom of Sirach
, 287.
apocrypha; Enoch; Jubilees
Bicini, Hieronimo, painter
: 363
Biḥat, locality
: 44–45, 47
Bilbala Giyorgis, church
: 178, 180
Bilbala Qirqos, church
: xvii, 177, 193n
Bilet, locality
: 24, 91, 92, 154n.
Kwiḥa
Bilin, language
: 49
bishop(s)
:
metropolitan(s)
in Ethiopia-Eritrea
, 37, 38n, 45, 47, 120, 162, 163, 170, 173, 174, 189, 194, 195, 234, 237, 246, 269, 467;
in Ḥimyar, 44;
of Egypt
, 29, 36, 198, 201, 249, 266;
of Caesarea
, 350;
of Cyprus
, 441.
blatten geta, office
, 73.
page(s)
Book of Clement (Gz. Mäṣḥafä Qälemǝnṭos)
: 232, 233, 243, 244n, 245, 246
Book of the light (Gz. Mäṣḥafä bǝrhan)
: 189, 232, 233, 241, 368, 369
Book of the mystery (Gz. Mäṣḥafä mǝśṭir)
: 181, 239–250, 251, 255
Book of the Nativity (Gz. Mäṣḥafä milad)
: 241, 256
Book of the regulation/Canon of al-Muʿallaqah (Gz. Mäṣḥafä śǝrʿat)
: 239
Book of the substance (Gz. Mäṣḥafä baḥrǝy)
: 190, 241, 353
Booranaa, Oromo people
: 386, 472, 473, 475
Brancaleon, Niccolò, painter
: 349, 363
Brocchi, Giovanni Battista, traveler
: 406
Bsoy, saint, Acts of
: 236
Bugna (Bǝgwǝna), region
: 4, 24, 45–46, 64, 67
al-Buḫārī, author
: 146n
Bur, region
: 43, 81, 402
Buṭros al-Ǧamil, author
: 164
Byzantine, Byzantium
: 17, 90, 165, 167 191, 197, 199, 210, 245, 255, 257, 264, 270, 300n, 345, 360, 362
camel
:
see dromedary
camp, royal/military
: 61, 72, 73, 75, 76, 109, 129n, 211, 316n, 367n, 369, 375–378, 383, 393, 402, 409, 413, 414n, 422, 473.
court, Ethiopian Christian; kätäma
Canon of al-Muʿallaqah
:
see Book of the regulation
Cairo
: 91, 94, 100, 105, 107, 109, 136, 140, 150, 153, 174, 175n, 176, 239, 372, 416, 417, 428, 429, 431, 432, 433, 434n, 436, 437, 438, 443–444, 446, 447, 448–449, 451, 452
Č̣ärč̣är, region
: 87n, 99, 130, 132, 133, 134, 138, 154, 404
Castanhoso, Miguel de
: 192, 462
č̣at
: 106, 405
Catherine, Saint, monastery, in Sinai
: 429, 434
cattle, cow(s)
: 42, 75, 111, 138, 402, 403, 404, 419, 421, 423, 434, 455
cave church(es)
: 177, 178n, 205, 344
Cave of Treasures
: 244, 245
č̣äwa, military regiments
: 77–79, 80, 82, 83, 85, 102.
military regiments
cereals/grains (barley, millet, sorghum, teff, wheat)
: 1, 24, 106, 138, 293, 352–353, 367, 399, 400, 401, 403, 405, 413, 423
Chalcedon
:
council of
, 164, 165n, 197, 201, 226, 249;
canons of
, 249, 255
Chalcedonian
, 245;
non-Chalcedonian
: 434, 435, 451n, 452
chancel
: 166, 170, 173, 175, 331
chancery
:
Aksumite
, 234;
Mamluk
, 94
chant, liturgical
: 179n, 193, 275, 293, 307
choir, architectural feature
: 170, 173, 175, 178
chrism
: 167, 189
Chrysostom, John
: 188, 232, 235
circumcision
: 173, 189, 369–370
citrus/lemon
: 106, 403, 406
Clement of Rome, disciple of St Peter
: 242–246, 248n, 250.
Book of Clement
coffee
: 1, 399
coinage, coins
: 418;
currency
Aksumite
, 2, 3, 34, 219, 223, 356, 399, 407, 418;
foreign
, 96, 109, 110, 130, 412, 418–419, 469.
colophon(s)
: 235n, 236–238, 244n, 267n, 307, 315n, 316–318, 373n, 413n, 455n;
subscription(s)
of the Kǝbrä nägäśt
, 54–55, 59, 68, 227, 236–238, 257–258.
Concerning the Only Judge (Gz. Kämä bäʾǝntä 1 kwännani)
: 243, 247–248, 249n, 251
concubine(s)
: 57, 124, 212, 376, 382n, 390, 445
Constantinople
: 164, 245;
Council of
, 226
copper
: 33, 127, 131, 135, 223n, 357, 395, 412, 469
Coptic (Egyptian Christian)
: 27, 33, 39, 40, 47, 55, 164, 165n, 171, 174, 176, 177, 179, 180, 182n, 183, 184, 186, 187, 189, 190, 191, 216, 226, 229, 239, 250, 258, 266, 267n, 274, 309, 322, 327, 343, 346, 349, 350, 362, 385, 406, 429, 430, 431, 434, 435;
Egypt, church of
language
: 5n, 54, 149n, 163n, 218, 225, 227, 237, 238, 250, 257, 258, 284n, 285n, 292n.
coronation, crowning
: 46, 60, 80, 81, 382n, 390.
Śǝrʿatä qwǝrḥät
corpus-organizers
:
see manuscripts
cotton
: 372, 378, 411, 420, 422
court
:
Ethiopian Christian
, 5, 38, 46, 48, 54, 60–61, 62, 64, 71–74, 75, 76, 78, 79, 81, 82–85, 102, 105, 122, 194, 197, 203, 208, 211, 240, 241, 242, 271, 316, 338, 344, 351, 354, 355, 363, 375–378, 379, 380, 382, 383, 388, 389, 390, 391, 395, 400, 402, 408, 409, 416–417, 422, 423, 446, 447n, 466, 467, 468, 471, 472 (
camp, kätäma
);
Ethiopian Islamic
, 105, 107, 108
Covenant of Mercy
: 224
Covilha, Pero da
: 291, 387
cow(s)
:
see cattle
craft(s)/craftsmen
: 316n, 411- 413, 415;
in artistic production
, 341, 349, 363;
in bookmaking
, 292, 299, 303, 305, 313n, 315, 321;
bookbinders
, 314, 315, 316–17;
metalworkers
, 315, 410, 412;
tanners/ leather-makers
, 315, 316, 410;
parchmenters
, 314, 315–316;
scribes
, 309–315;
weavers
, 410, 411
crops
:
see food: foodstuffs
cross(es)
: 41n, 135, 326, 355–359, 360, 417;
True Cross
181, 389;
church of the Cross
, 42;
sign of the cross
, 119, 168;
cross plan (layout)
, 172, 175;
cross icons
, 187, 360;
cross motif
, 300, 335, 336, 340, 346–347, 356, 359, 360
cupola(s)
: 173, 174, 175, 176, 180, 336
currency
: 109, 110–111, 417, 418–419, 420.
coin(s)
curtain(s), in churches
: 182, 192, 368n
Cyprian and Justa, saints, Acts of
: 266
Cyprus
: 435, 436n, 437, 438, 439, 441, 451n, 452
da Gama, Christovão
: 462
Däbarwa, locality
: 413n, 414
Däbrä Afrem, monastery
: 38
Däbrä ʿAsbo
: 208, 212, 213n, 273.
Däbrä Libanos of Šäwa
Däbrä Bartarwa, monastery
: 276
Däbrä Bǝrhan, town
: 94, 259, 461
Däbrä Bizän, monastery
: 186, 209n, 215, 312, 316, 318, 371n, 406
Däbrä Dammo, monastery
: 35, 200, 201, 206, 207, 240, 273, 324, 329, 330, 393
Däbrä Daret, monastery
: 262, 272, 373
Däbrä Dima, monastery
: 276, 364
Däbrä Ḥamlo, monastery
: 351
Däbrä Ḥayq Ǝsṭifanos, monastery
: 65, 73, 75, 119, 121, 206, 207, 208, 227, 228, 231, 240, 241, 245n, 275, 286, 289n, 347–351, 397, 408
Däbrä Libanos of Šäwa, monastery
: 60, 74, 123, 182, 191, 207n, 208, 212n, 271, 273, 274, 275, 280, 371, 393, 456n, 476.
Däbra ʿAsbo
Däbrä Libanos of Šǝmäzana/Ham, monastery
: 32, 33n, 35, 41, 44, 46, 49, 65, 199, 201, 211, 287, 301n, 345, 346, 349
Däbrä Mädärä, monastery
: 200
Däbrä Maryam Qwäḥayn, monastery
: 214, 232, 238, 272, 318, 350n, 354, 379
Däbrä Mǝṭmaq, council of
: 272
Däbrä nägäśt
:
see Amba Gǝšän
Däbrä Nägwädgwad, monastery
: 84, 357, 392
Däbrä Śahəl Agwäza, monastery
: 318n
Däbrä Sälam Mikaʾel, monastery
: 170, 329, 331, 332, 343
Däbrä Sǝgaǧǧä, monastery
: 272
Däbrä Ṣǝyon Kidanä Mǝḥrät, monastery in Gärʿalta
: 180 336, 341n, 357n, 363
Däbrä Sina, monastery
: 199
Däbrä Tabor, monastery
: 180
Däbrä Täklä Haymanot, monastery
: 338
Däbrä Wägäg, monastery
: 122n, 276
Däbrä Zäyt,(modern) town
: 95, 101n
däbtära
: 81, 164, 185, 211, 240, 315, 380
Daga Ǝsṭifanos, monastery
: 80, 357, 360
Dägälḥan (Ar. Daǧalḥān), official
: 83, 458
Dahlak Islands
: 89–93, 97, 154, 211n, 214, 414–415, 445, 468, 469
Dakar, Islamic city
: 103, 150n
Damascus
: 153, 416, 443
Dämbǝya, region
: 461
Damot, local-religious kingdom/region
: 6, 23, 37n, 65, 66, 70–71, 72, 79, 80, 82, 123, 124, 137, 139–140, 141, 207, 208, 400, 412, 415, 418, 421, 448n, 449, 461
Danǝʾel, metropolitan
: 172
Danəʾel, ḥaṣ́ani
: 38, 204
Dāra, sultanate
: 99, 419
Däsk, deity
: 80
Däwaro (Ar. Dawāro), region
: xvi, 66, 69, 76, 78, 79, 99, 101, 102, 419, 458, 459, 461, 464, 471n, 474
Dawit [I]
:
see Mǝnilǝk
Dawit II, king
: 7, 21, 58, 75, 76, 84, 101, 180, 181, 186, 214, 239, 240, 244n, 254, 307n, 336, 351, 352, 353, 360, 373, 449
Dawit Anbäsa, official
: 80
Däy Giyorgis, structure
: 339n, 340
deacons
: 45, 164, 170, 174, 189, 246, 358, 368n, 379n, 380, 431
Defarfo, locality
: 372
Dǝgum Śǝllase, two churches of
: 169, 170, 171, 172, 330, 332
Dǝggwa
: 179n, 183, 185, 254.
Divine Office
Dǝlnaʿod, king
: 385
Dǝl Mängǝśa, princess
: 180, 336, 352, 373
Dəl Wänbära, bati (Ar. Dalwanbarah), personage
: 105, 157, 393, 394
Didascalia (Gz. Didǝsqǝlya)
: 232, 233, 242, 246, 247, 248
Dima Giyorgis, monastery
: 276
Disposition ordered by Peter to Clement (Gz. Tǝʾǝzaz zäʾazzäzä Ṗeṭros läQälemǝnṭos)
: 243, 247
Divine Office
: 164, 168, 179, 183, 185, 254.
Dǝggwa
diplomacy/embassies
:
among Ethiopian powers
, 84, 104, 105, 110, 394;
inter-regional
—
see Egypt; Europe; Yemen
Djibouti
: 2, 130, 469
Dobaʾa, region
: 78, 414; people, 414
Doctrine of the mysteries
: 225
dragons
: 119, 120, 121, 258
dromedary
: 401–402, 405
Eastern Christian(s)
, 124, 224, 245, 368, 440n, 452n.
Chalcedon: non-Chalcedonian
education
:
Muslim
, 107, 151–153;
Christian
, 57, 189, 219, 240n, 241, 252, 261, 318, 369, 373, 392
Egypt
: 172, 175n, 291n;
Christian church/community of
, 33, 39, 162, 163 164, 165, 166, 168, 169, 170, 171 172, 173, 174 176, 177, 178, 180n, 183, 185n, 191, 194, 198, 202, 239, 249, 281 (
Coptic
);
Ethiopian diplomacy/embassies with
, 22, 23, 39, 43, 94n, 105, 163, 180, 443–444;
and Ethiopian trade
, 70, 90, 91, 92, 108, 110, 291, 359, 414, 416, 417, 418, 419, 425;
Ethiopians in
, 311n, 347, 362, 364, 425, 426, 428–429, 430–434, 436, 437, 443–444, 446, 447, 448–449, 452–453;
knowledge of/ideas about Ethiopia in
, 36, 44, 54, 55, 99, 164, 406;
textual models from
, 165, 223, 226, 229–230, 239, 266;
routes to
, 285n, 428–429;
Gǝʿǝz manuscripts/Ethiopian artifacts in
, 234–235, 288n, 292, 362, 363;
Ottoman conquest of
, 468
Egyptian(s) in Ethiopia
: 55, 92, 172, 198;
metropolitans of Ethiopia-Eritrea as
, 27, 35, 40, 84, 163, 195, 214
Ǝgziʾ Kǝbra, queen
: 389
Ǝleni, queen
: 21, 58n, 77, 80, 85, 104, 339, 372n, 386, 387, 388–393, 417n
Ǝllä ʿAmida, father of King ʿEzana
: 51
Ǝllä Aṣbǝḥa
:
see Kaleb
Ǝmäkina Mädḫane ʿAläm, church
: 177, 329, 344
Ǝmrayǝs, saint, Acts of
: 266
Ǝnda Abba Gärima, monastery
: 200, 219, 286.
Gärima Gospels
Ǝnda Abba Ṗänṭälewon, church of
: xvii, 200, 236
Ǝndägäbṭän, local-religious polity/region
: 415
Ǝndärta, region
: 65, 67, 68, 258
Ǝndrǝyas, saint, Life of
: 272
Ǝnfraz
:
region
, 406;
monastery of
, 277
ǝnǧära (injera)
: 399
Ǝnnarya, local-religious polity
: 415
Ǝnnǝṣo Gäbrǝʾel, church
: 338
Enoch/Book of Enoch
: 203, 223n, 224, 232, 233
ensete (Ensete ventricosum)
: 1, 399, 401
Ephesus, council of
: 164, 198, 201, 255
Epistle of humanity (Gz. Ṭomarä tǝsbǝʾt)
: 122n, 232, 233, 241, 315n
eṗṗis qoṗṗos
:
see bishop
ʿəqa bet/sacristy
: 319, 320
ǝras, office
:
see ras
Ǝsato
:
see Gudit
Ǝskǝndǝr, king
: 7, 58, 60, 80, 191n, 235n, 244n, 390, 391, 392
Ǝslam Sägäd, officer
: 76
Ǝsṭifanos, monk
: 187, 215, 216, 291, 355
Ǝsṭifanosites (Stephanites)
: 254, 272, 291, 353, 355, 406
ǝtege, title
: 25, 383, 388, 389
Eucharist/Eucharistic
: 166, 167, 176, 183, 184, 188, 189, 192, 359, 362.
anaphora(s)
eunuch(s)
: 416, 418, 445, 448–449, 452.
slave(s)
Euphemia, saint, Acts of
: 266
Europe, medieval
:
accounts and ideas of Ethiopia in
, 5n, 8, 22, 67n, 142, 439–440, 471;
artistic exchange with
, 180–181, 355, 364;
Ethiopian diplomatic contact with
, 20–22, 29, 180–181, 336n, 338, 364, 366, 391, 417, 438, 452, 466–468;
Ethiopians in
, 109, 388, 426, 437–441;
lineage in
, 281n;
scriptoria in
, 241n;
slavery in
, 444
Europe, modern
:
Ethiopian manuscripts in
, 9, 233n, 289, 324, 327, 440–441;
and the term “medieval,”
17–18
Europeans, in medieval Ethiopia
: 21, 29, 316, 336n, 338, 363–364, 366, 381, 391, 406, 417, 466–468.
Alvares, Francisco
Ewosṭatewos, monk/saint
: 179, 184, 213, 232, 435
Ewosṭatean(s)
: 21n, 184, 213–215, 272, 353–354, 355, 371, 393, 406, 441n
ʿEzana, Aksumite king
: 26, 51, 117, 162, 194, 197, 199, 203n, 234n
famine
: 93, 423, 458, 464
fan, liturgical folding
:
see märäwəḥ
Fäqi Däbbis, Islamic site
: 99n, 129, 151, 404
faqīh, Islamic title
: 95, 151, 152
Faraǧ al-Fuwwi (or al-Fawwi), merchant
: 151
Fäṭägar, region
: 60, 66, 70, 74, 75, 76, 101, 102, 461, 464, 474
Fatḥ madīnat Harar, text
: 149–150
Fatimid, dynasty of Egypt
: 43, 169, 172, 174, 180n
Fǝre Maryam, queen
: 389
Fǝre Ṣǝyon, painter
: 360–361, 363
Fǝtḥä nägäśt, text
: 162n, 164, 209, 446n
Filǝṗṗos, of Däbrä Bizän, monk
: 186
Filǝṗṗos, saint/abbot of Däbrä Libanos
: 212n, 271, 274;
Life of
, 212n, 271
Filkǝsyus, text
: 230
Filmona, saint, Life of
: 276
firearms
: 6, 417, 460, 470
First Sabbath
:
see Sabbath
food
: foodstuffs, 106, 109, 399–400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 417, 423; food customs, 398, 404–407
Frumentius/Sälama, first bishop of Aksum
: 162, 168n, 194, 195, 204n, 234
Furra, queen
: 386
Futūḥ al-Ḥabaša/Conquest of Abyssinia
: 25, 88, 102, 104, 105, 108, 110, 146, 157, 158n, 159, 302n, 338, 455, 457, 458, 459, 463n.
ʿArab Faqīh
Ǧabartī, Ǧabartiyya, term for Muslim Ethiopians
: 387, 416, 442, 443, 452
al-Ǧabartī, ʿAbd as-Salām, personage
: 452
gäbäz (cathedral, large church)
: 46, 53, 166, 432n
Gäbrä Iyäsus, saint, Life of
: 272n, 406
Gäbrä Iyäsus, official
: 82
Gäbrä Krǝstos, saint, Life of
: 231n, 270
Gäbrä Krǝstos, abbot of Däbrä Maryam
: 232
Gäbrä Madḫen
:
see Ṭänṭäwǝdǝm
Gäbrä Mänfäs Qǝddus, saint, Life of
: 270
Gäbrä Mäsqäl, regnal name
:
of Lalibala
, 41, 52, 237;
of ʿAmdä Ṣǝyon or Yǝsḥaq
, 236
Gäbrä Mäsqäl, Aksumite king
: 166, 201
Gabrǝʾel, metropolitan
: 191
Gäda, region
: 77
gadaa (age-set)
: 115, 474, 475
Gadilomeda, archeological site
: 129
gädl (Life), genre
: xvii, 261.
hagiography; individual saints’ names
Gädlä qǝddusan/GQ/Lives of the saints, hagiographial collection
: 265–268, 351
Gädlä sämaʿǝtat/GS/Lives of the martyrs, hagiographical collection
: xvii, 227, 230, 231, 232, 235, 265–268, 269, 278, 305, 318, 351, 379n
Gaʿǝwa, queen
: 394
Gafat
: language, 51; region, 66, 79, 400, 423
Gälawdewos, king
: 21, 25, 157, 259, 260, 274, 342, 370, 393, 420, 421, 422, 446, 448n, 456n, 459n, 461, 462, 463, 464, 466, 467, 471, 475
Ǧamāl al-Dīn, sultan
: 104, 151
Ǧämmädu Maryam, church
: 287
Gamo, region
: 26, 77, 78, 79, 400, 401, 412, 448, 472
Gändäbälo, locality
: 414
Ǧanǧäro, region
: 412
Gännätä Maryam, church
: 54, 177, 193n, 339n, 343, 344, 374n
Gänz, region
: 66, 79, 102
gärad (Ar. garād), office
: 28, 77, 78, 83, 104, 156, 157, 158n, 389, 409, 421, 457, 469
Gärima, saint
: 119, 200, 201, 269;
Life of
, 201, 270, 273, 314n
Gärima Gospels
: 165, 167, 201, 219, 234, 235, 286, 291, 301n, 308, 322, 325, 345, 349
Gasǝč̣č̣a, locality
: 185, 240
Gatira Maryam
:
see Atronsä Maryam
Gäzen Yoḥannǝs Mäṭǝmǝq, church
: 169, 170, 171, 172
gäzet ([yä]gälägǝl gäzet, wäšärbat gäzet), title
: 377
Gǝbrä ḥǝmamat, text
: 230, 231, 351
Gǝʿǝz
:
in Aksumite kingdom
, 26, 50–51, 222–223;
as language of medieval Christian church and state
, 25, 51, 250, 284;
obsolescence as spoken language
, 26, 51, 219
Gədm, region
: 66
gədm, office
: 71
Gǝmb Tewodros, structure
: 340
gəmmadä Mäsqäl
:
see cross(es): True Cross
genealog(ies)
:
of Christ
, 307;
Christian royal
, 257;
Islamic
, 101, 149;
monastic
, 208n, 281;
of Oromo clans
, 473–474
Gǝšän, Amba
:
see Amba Gǝšän
Gǝšän Ǝgziʾabǝḥer Ab, church
: 340
Gǝšän Maryam, church
: 351, 353
Gǝṣṣawe (liturgical directory)
: 183–4, 188n
Getesemane Maryam, monastery
: 392
Giḥo, personage
: 35
Giovio, Paolo
: 364, 439n
Giyorgis, Ethiopian monastery of, in Cairo
: 431, 433, 434, 436
Giyorgis of Sägla (or of Gasǝč̣č̣a), author
: 181, 185, 186, 187, 188n, 239–250, 251, 255
Giyorgis, bishop
: 237
goat(s)
: 402, 404; goat skin, 296
Goǧǧam, region
: 49, 65, 66, 70, 71, 72, 79, 80, 82, 392, 393, 401, 402, 422, 475
gold
: 33, 34, 92, 110, 121n, 131, 133, 135, 140, 223, 300, 302n, 336, 338, 357, 378, 392n, 395, 398, 412–413, 415, 417, 418, 420, 422, 439n, 458
Gomit, locality
: 76
Gondär, city and region
: 74, 193, 316, 323, 324
Gondärine, era
: 7, 16, 18n, 260, 289, 315, 321, 397
Gospel(s)
:
Gärima Gospels
Gospel books/manuscripts
, 32, 33, 35, 40, 41, 44n, 187, 231n, 235n, 288n, 310, 345–346, 347, 349–353, 355, 358, 431;
Four-Gospel books/manuscripts
, 173, 219, 286–287, 288, 300, 301–302, 307, 348, 349, 350;
“Golden” Gospels
, 201, 211, 231, 301–302;
Gospel readings
, 167, 171, 178, 187, 358;
religion of
, 194, 197, 199, 203, 207, 211.
Goze, Islamic site
: 151
Great Entrance (liturgical)
: 167, 171
Greece
: 109, 449
Greek
:
Byzantine
Christianity
, 124;
learning
, 3;
liturgical elements in Gǝʿǝz manuscript
, 434;
monks/monasticism
197, 204;
palimpsest
, 429n;
traveler
, 412.
Greek, language
: 34, 53n, 146n, 165, 174, 188, 189, 194, 201, 202, 203, 216, 217–220, 222–224, 225–226, 227, 228, 243, 247n, 251–253, 265–267, 270, 285n, 291
Guba, saint
: 200, 269
Guba, Islamic site
: 106
Gudit/Yodit/Ǝsato
: 37, 141, 172, 384, 385, 386
Guǧǧi, people
: 386
Gundä Gunde, monastery
: 184n, 215, 287, 306n, 320, 355
Gundǝfru Śǝllase, church
: 169, 170, 171, 172, 193n, 330n
Gurage
:
people
, 127;
region (also Gurageland)
, 160, 406
Gutu, structure
: 340, 341
Gwǝh Yǝmʾata, church
: 342
Gwǝgwǝben, monastery
: 276
gwǝlt (land grant)
: 7, 53, 62, 210, 211, 396, 407–408
Ḥabaša, al-Ḥabaša, Arabic term for Ethiopia-Eritrea(ns)
: 2, 36, 41, 88, 97, 145, 150, 152, 442, 444, 448.
Futūḥ al-Ḥabaša, al-Maqrīzī
habits (monastic clothing)
: 372, 439n
Habshi (Ethiopians in India)
: 444, 449–450, 452
Habtä Maryam, saint
: 188n
ḥaḍāni
:
see ḥaṣ́ani
Hadiyya (Ar. Hādyā)
:
people
, 127;
sultanate/region
, 26, 65, 66, 69, 70, 77, 78, 79, 83, 85, 99, 100, 101, 102, 378n, 389, 400, 418, 422, 448, 461, 464
hagiography, hagiographic(al)
: xvii, 7, 13, 25, 32, 123, 139, 142, 152, 153n, 183, 196–197, 199, 201, 202n, 206, 207, 208, 209, 213n, 216, 224, 227, 229, 230, 231n, 232, 233, 252, 253, 258, 260, 261–281, 291, 314, 355, 366, 367, 370, 373, 378, 379, 382, 383, 394, 396, 417n, 446.
individual saints’ names
Ham, region
: 35, 54.
Däbrä Libanos of Šǝmäzana/Ham
Ḥamasen, region
: 35, 69, 74, 81, 213, 215
Ḫamta, language
: 49
Ḥanafī, Islamic law school
: 106, 150, 151, 153
ḫānqāh, Islamic institution
: 151
Ḥaqq al-Dīn (II), sultan
: 75, 76, 79, 100–101
ḥaräg (manuscript decoration)
: 186, 308, 351, 355
Harämaya, lake
: 388
Harar
:
Islamic city/city-state
, 87n, 99, 104, 131, 132, 143n, 149–150, 156, 157, 159, 160, 387n, 455, 459, 460, 464, 465, 466, 475, 476;
emirate
, 102n
Harari
:
language
, 26, 285n, 455n;
people
, 159, 388, 465
Ḥarat Zawīla, district of Cairo
: 431
Ḥarbay, king and saint
: 32;
Life of
, 279
Harlaa, archeological site
: 96, 132n,
Harla, legendary people
: 96, 131n
Ḥārla, region/people
: 103, 460
ḥaṣ́ani (Ar. ḥaḍāni), title
: xvi, 38–39, 41, 204
ḥasgwa, office
: 46
ḫaṭīb, Islamic preacher
: 151, 152
Ḥawzen, locality
: 169, 170, 180, 199
Ḥayq, lake
: 134, 136, 206.
Däbrä Ḥayq Ǝsṭifanos
ḥədug-ras, office
: 53, 60.
ras
Ḥǝrgigo, port
: 93
Ḥǝzbä Nañ, king
: 75, 340
hijra
: 3, 88, 91, 145, 387
Ḥimyar, kingdom (Yemen)
: 53, 201, 427
“Ḫīrūn,” brother of Queen Mäsqäl Kǝbra
: 45, 47, 174
History of the Episcopate of Alexandria
: 226, 228, 249
History of the Patriarchs of the Egyptian Church
: 29, 33, 36, 37, 39, 43, 45, 47, 48, 55, 334
hoe, farming tool
: 401
Holy Week, service/texts for
: 183, 184, 230, 231, 351
homily, homiletic text(s)
: 25, 60, 118, 119, 120, 183, 188, 197, 224, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 235, 242, 247, 255, 256, 261, 269, 279, 287, 351, 352, 353, 368
homiliary/-ies
: 226, 230, 233, 282n, 289n, 353
Horologium/Horologion, text
: 183, 186, 227n, 231, 282n, 429n
horse(s)
: 343, 402, 418, 422
Hours
:
Books of (Gz. Mäṣḥafä Säʿatat)
, 183n, 185–186, 187 (
Säʿatat
);
Liturgy of
, 168, 254
Hūbat, Islamic community
: 95
hunting
: 336, 344, 401, 417
Ḥusayn of Bali, šayḫ
: 152
hypogeum, monument type
: 134, 135, 137
Ibn ʿAṭāʾ Allāh al-Iskandarī, mystic
: 153n
Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, author
: 153n, 405, 443
Ibn Ḫaldūn, author
: 139
Ibn Ḥawḳal, author
: 36, 38
Ibn al-Muǧāwir, author
: 90, 97, 442, 448
Ibrāhīm b. al-Ḥasan, faqīh
: 95
icon(s)
: 186, 187, 255, 323, 324, 326, 355, 359, 360, 362, 363, 364
Ifat (Ar. Awfāt )
: xvi, 6, 24, 66, 69, 70, 71, 75, 76, 77, 79, 82, 97, 98–101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106–108, 109, 110, 111, 126n, 139, 148, 151–152, 156, 211n, 259, 403, 404, 406, 414, 415, 419, 442n, 456, 461, 471n
ʾIlm al-nasab (genealogical discipline)
: 149
incense
:
product
, 96, 418;
incense-burners
, 131;
Prayer of
, 233
India(n)
: 91, 109, 136, 402, 411, 417, 418, 420, 425, 427, 444, 449–450, 452, 453, 461, 463n, 467
“Indian” as term for Ethiopians
: 428, 444
Indian Ocean
: 1, 2, 6, 34, 96, 110, 154, 427, 448n, 452, 468
indigo
: 420
Infancy Gospel, text
: 225
inheritance
: 407, 408–409;
of monasteries
, 211, 408–409;
of women
, 381
ink(s)
: 292–294, 345n
inscriptions
:
Aksumite
, 2, 34, 50, 51, 52, 197n, 222, 223, 234;
medieval Christian
, 38, 41, 178, 204, 301, 335, 356, 359, 362, 447n;
Islamic
, 42, 87n, 89, 91, 95, 106, 117, 142, 146n, 154
inventory/-ies, medieval monastic
: 183n, 228–229, 230–233, 235n, 238, 270n, 271n, 318n, 319, 431, 433, 440
irrigation
: 112, 403, 404
Isayyayas, qäññ behtwäddäd
: 75, 81, 82, 83
ivory
: 110, 398, 417, 458
Iyäsus Moʾa, monk/saint
: 119, 120, 121, 206, 208, 231, 274, 286, 348, 349, 350, 358, 359;
Life of
, 119, 121, 206, 274–5, 385
Jacob Baradaï (Baradaeus), bishop of Edessa/saint
: 164
Jannes and Jambres
: 225
Jawhar al-Lālā, Ethiopian Mamluk official
: 448–449, 452
Jawhar al-Qunuqbāʾī, Ethiopian Mamluk official
: 449, 452
Jerusalem
:
ancient
, 63, 180, 352, 385;
Ethiopia as the new
, 257;
medieval
, 21, 210n, 231n, 372, 426n, 428, 429–430, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 446, 451
Jesuit(s)
: 6, 16, 366, 448, 454, 466–468
“Jesus cell,” in Lalibäla
: 177
Jew(s), Jewish, Judaism
: 19, 20, 37n, 114, 194, 201, 202–203, 224n, 229n, 238, 258, 279, 385, 410, 411n, 442, 447–448.
Betä Ǝsraʾel
jihad
:
of Aḥmad ibn Ibrāhīm
, 6, 7, 16, 18n, 93, 145, 156, 157, 158, 159, 192, 302n, 338, 341, 421, 456–463;
of Ḥaqq al-Dīn
, 101;
prohibition of, against Ethiopia
, 445
Jiren/Jimma, region
: 160
John of the Ladder (John Climacus), author
: 225
John the Little, Coptic monastery
: 431
John the Oriental, saint
:
see Yoḥannəs Məśraqawi
Jubilees
: 203, 224, 232, 233
Kaleb, Aksumite king
: 52, 53, 166, 201, 279, 280;
Life/Acts of
, 229, 266, 269, 279, 280, 281n
Kalǧur/Kalǧūra (Gz. Kwǝlgora), locality
: 94, 106, 414
Kambaata, people
: 127
Kambata, region
: 449
Kanem-Bornu, African state
: 284
kantiba, office
: 74
Karuray, ḥaṣ́ani
: 38
kätäma (itinerant royal court, royal/military camp)
: 61, 71, 73, 75, 78, 211, 375, 377, 378, 423.
camp; court, Ethiopian Christian
Kǝbrä nägäśt/Nobility of the kings
: 5n, 52, 54, 55, 59, 63, 81, 180, 227, 236–238, 256–258, 385
Kǝbran, island
:
monastery of
, 277;
church of Gäbrǝʾel on
, 351, 352
Kǝmant, language
: 49, 50
Kenya
: 1, 130
kətab
:
see manuscript forms
Ketetiya, local-religious site
: 134, 135, 136
Konso
:
people
, 116;
region
, 402
Krǝstos Śämra, saint
: 374;
Life of
, 275n
Krǝstos Täsfanä, abbot/ʿaqqabe säʿat
: 349, 350
Kwəleṣewon, prince(?)
: 343, 344
Kwiḥa, modern locality
: 24, 42, 43, 91.
Bilet
labor, household
:
peasant(s)
of women
, 367–368, 375;
of the enslaved
, 376, 409, 445.
Ladaʿ Uṯmān, Muslim governor
: 156–157
Laity/lay persons/the faithful
: 152, 154n, 166, 168, 173, 177, 185, 187, 192, 193, 263, 277, 355, 368, 369, 374, 379, 380, 408, 437
Lalibäla, church complex
: 4, 29, 31, 33, 41, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 54, 124, 176–178, 179, 182n, 205, 286, 313n, 323, 324, 325, 329, 330, 332–336, 337, 343, 357, 358, 359, 374n, 387n
Lalibala, king and saint
: 31, 32, 33, 35, 38, 41–42, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51–53, 54, 55, 56, 178, 179, 206, 237, 279, 286, 288, 333, 334, 335, 357, 359, 374, 376, 377n;
Life of
, 32n, 50, 280, 382
land tenure
:
see gwəlt; rəst
Langano, lake
: 1, 95
Lasta, region
: 1, 4, 24, 31, 41, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 54, 64, 67, 204, 330, 333, 334, 461
late antiquity
: 3, 14, 17, 125, 165, 175n, 189, 195, 197, 201, 204, 217, 218, 222, 228, 233, 268, 329, 331, 345, 397, 427, 428, 444.
Aksum, kingdom of /Aksumite
leather
:
furnishings
, 310, 320;
in trade
, 96;
in manuscript making
, 285n, 291n, 295n, 296–300, 309n, 317;
production/producers of
, 315–316, 402
Lebanon
: 434
Lǝbnä Dǝngǝl, king
: 21, 58, 101, 102, 182, 339, 355, 362, 363, 364, 376, 381n, 382, 388, 390, 391, 393, 414, 448, 457, 458, 459, 461–462, 473;
History/Chronicle of
, 260n, 390, 420
lectern(s)
: 310–312
legumes
: 399–400
Libanos (a.k.a Mäṭaʿ), saint
: 199, 343;
Däbrä Libanos of Šǝmäzana/Ham; Däbrä Libanos of Šäwa; Betä Libanos
Life of
, 51, 199n, 269, 270, 314n.
library/-ies, medieval
: 6, 32n, 184n, 199, 206n, 213n, 215n, 231–233, 245n, 289, 318–320, 347, 420
Life/Lives
:
see hagiography; individual saints’ names
Liqanos, saint
: 200;
Life of
, 280, 281n
Lives of the martyrs
:
see Gädla sämaʿǝtat
Lives of the Prophets
: 224
Lives of the saints
:
see Gädlä qǝddusan
Lives of the saints and martyrs (Gädla sämaʿǝtat or Gädlä qǝddusan)
: 351, 353, 354
Limoges, France
: 364
linen
: 70, 108, 417
liq (“chief, head”)
: 28;
liqä Aqäytat
, 46;
liqä Barya
, 46;
liqä betä qaṭṭin
, 46;
liqä ḫädar
, 46,
liqä kahǝnat
, 28, 46;
liqä mäkaso
, 46,
liqä mäkwas
, 402
liturgy
:
of Betä Ǝsraʾel
, 20;
of Aksumite era
, 165–169, 224, 225, 226, 322;
Gǝʿǝz as language of
, 5, 25, 284;
of medieval Ethiopian church
, 12, 73, 162, 169–193, 202n, 214, 231, 254, 268, 277, 278, 331, 334, 368, 389, 394, 404, 407;
manuscripts in
, 278, 305, 314, 318, 320;
monastic
, 198, 438;
music
–
see chant
;
objects in
, 124, 319, 324, 326, 355, 358–360, 362–3, 433, 439n (
altar; cross; icon; märäwəḥ
);
texts of
, 183–192, 230, 232, 233, 239, 247, 248, 252, 253–255, 261, 267–268, 270, 428
livestock
: 42, 400, 401, 402.
cattle, goat(s), sheep
Luḥayya, locality in Yemen
: 152, 443
Maʿāfir, Yemeni tribe
: 151
Mäbaʾa Ṣǝyon, monk/saint
: 362;
Life of
, 323
Macarius, saint, Egyptian monastery of
: 364, 432
maḏhab (Islamic school)
: 107, 153.
Ḥanafī, Šāfiʿī
Mädḫǝn Zämäda, princess/official
: 82, 389
madrasa
: 151
maʾǝkälä baḥǝr, office
: 46
Maʾǝkälä baḥǝr, region
: 69
Maghreb
: 100
Mahaggǝl, locality
: 272
Mähari Amlak, court personage
: 343, 344
Maḥfūẓ, imam/emir
: 77, 104–105, 156, 157, 391
Mahiko, gärad of Hadiyya
: 77, 78
Maḥmūl, locality in Yemen
: 152
Maḫzūmī
:
dynasty of Islamic Ethiopia
, 94, 148, 208, 211, 388;
clan of Mecca
, 148
Mäkanä Maryam, church
: 392
Mäkanä Śǝllase, church
: 339, 413n
Makǝdda, legendary queen
: 59, 236, 257, 385–386.
Queen of Sheba
mäkwännən (pl. mäkwanənt), office
: 62, 150n, 212, 421;
Təgre-mäkwännən
81
mäkwännənä Adäl
, 157.
mälhäzä, office
: 46
Mali (West African state)
: 284
malik, Islamic title
: 91
Malik Ambar, slave-soldier in India
: 449–450
mälkäna, office
: 72
mälkəʾ, liturgical genre
: 185n, 188n, 190, 253
Mamluk, dynasty of Egypt
: 54, 92, 94, 102, 105, 110, 140, 150, 448, 452
“Manadelei,” locality
: 414
mänbärä tabot
:
see altar
Manṣūr, sultan
: 104
Manuel I, king of Portugal
: 391, 466
manuscript forms
:
accordion book (sənsul)
, 295;
codex (mäṣḥaf, bəranna)
, 3, 294–309;
liturgical folding fan (märäwəḥ)
, 295, 362, 363;
scroll (kətab)
, 118, 119n, 267n, 294–295, 315
manuscript features
:
colophon(s); crafts/craftsmen; painter(s); scribe(s); subscriptions
binding
, 296–298;
covers
, 295–302, 345;
layout
, 307–308, 345, 355;
illuminations
, 345–355;
textblock
, 302–306, 345.
manuscripts, Ethiopic
:
as corpus organizers
, 251;
multiple-text
, 231, 232, 265, 267, 268, 269, 270, 278, 303;
polyglot
, 292, 428;
pre-14th c.
, 218–221, 225–226, 227n, 253, 286–289, 293, 345, 429n
Mänz, district
: 75, 129, 133, 134, 140
Mäqälä, town
: 34, 199, 327
Mäqdäla, sack of
: 323
al-Maqrīzī, author
: 76, 98, 100, 101, 104, 156, 422, 431, 432, 446
Märäb, river
: 69, 79, 214
märäwǝḥ (liturgical folding fan)
: 295, 362, 363
Märḥa Krǝstos, abbot/saint
: 60, 191, 271;
Life of
, 182, 271, 280, 391n, 405n, 406n
Märḥabete, district
: 75
Mark, saint
:
Acts of
, 266;
anaphora of
, 166;
manuscript portrait of
, 345; see of, 237
market(s), marketplace(s)
: 91, 372, 413–414
Märqorewos
:
see Brancaleon, Niccolò
Märqoryos, personage
: 351
Marqos, officer
: 84
marriage
: 14, 379–383;
royal
, 44–45, 77, 85, 382–383, 386;
and sanctity
, 373–374
Märṭulä Maryam, church
: 80, 339, 340, 392, 393
Mary, saint
: xvii, 60, 181, 187, 254, 257, 295, 389, 392, 395;
Miracles of Mary
anaphoras of
, 186, 188n;
Ascension of Mary
, 231;
chapel of Mary of Golgotha, in Jerusalem
, 430;
Ethiopian chapel of, in Cairo
, 431, 433;
church of Mary in the kätäma
, 369, 376n;
Transitus of Mary
, 233.
Mäsal, Islamic site
: 106, 151
Masālik al-abṣār fī mamālik al-amṣār
:
see al-ʿUmarī
mäsänqo (musicians)
: 46
mäṣḥaf
:
see manuscript forms
Mäṣḥafä baḥrəy
:
see Book of the substance
Mäṣḥafä bǝrhan
:
see Book of the light
Mäṣḥafä gänzät
:
see Book of the shroud
Mäṣḥäfä kidan
:
see Testament of Our Lord
Mäṣḥafä mǝśṭir
:
see Book of the mystery
Mäṣḥafä Qälemǝnṭos
:
see Book of Clement
Mäṣḥafä qändil
:
see Book of the lamp
Mäṣḥafä Säʿatat
:
see Hours; Säʿatat
Mäṣḥafä śǝrʿat
:
see Book of the regulation
Mäṣḥafä sǝddät (Book of the Persecution)
: 102, 456n, 459
Mäṣhäfä ṭefut
: 352–353
Mäsobä Wärq, princess
: 385
Mäsqäl Kǝbra, queen/saint
: 32, 44–45, 374;
Life of
, 32n, 279–280, 374
Massawa, port
: 1, 69, 77, 79, 89, 92, 93, 97, 215, 417, 445, 446, 451, 461, 468, 469
Mäṭaʿ, saint
:
see Libanos
Mäṭära, locality
: 166
Mateus, ambassador
: 391, 417n
May Kado Giyorgis, church
: 180
Mecca
: 22, 88, 90, 95, 100, 110, 148, 156n, 444, 446, 448
Medina
: 3, 88, 146, 444
Mǝʿǝraf (common of the Divine Office)
: 168
megalith, megalithic
: 124–129, 130, 134, 137
Mǝhǝlla (supplication, rogation)
: 168
Mehmad, ruler/gärad of Hadiyya
: 77, 389
Melchite(s)
: 243, 245, 249, 251
Melitius, bishop of Lykopolis
: 198, 243, 249
Melitian(s), Melitian schism
: 198, 226, 249
Mǝnilǝk [I], legendary king
: 59, 63, 72, 257, 385
Mǝʿǝrafä Maryam, church
: 392
merchant(s)
: 97, 108, 109, 136, 151, 154–155, 372n, 375, 394, 414–418, 420, 422, 442, 446, 447, 448, 452–453
Mǝṣǝle, island
: 353
Məsḥalä Maryam, church/megalithic site
: 129, 133, 134
metropolitan(s), of Ethiopia-Eritrea
:
Bärtälomewos, Danǝʾel, Gabrǝʾel, Mikaʾel I, Mikaʾel II, Sälama “the Translator,” Sawiros, Yǝsḥaq
ecclesiastical status and titles
, 27, 28, 162–164, 195;
Egyptian community around
, 55, 172, 174;
Egyptian origin/selection by Alexandrian patriarch
, 37, 39, 163, 195, 214;
embassies surrounding
, 39, 428;
and Ethiopian bishops
, 45, 163;
Ethiopian seat of
, 48, 174;
mosque construction by
, 43;
opposition to Ethiopian practices
, 173;
role in administration
, 45, 71, 83–84, 195, 209, 211, 379n;
role in marriage ceremony
, 380;
suspension in requests for/sending of
, 39, 191;
ties to Egyptian monasteries
, 235–236;
translations of
, 183, 229, 236, 266;
wine produced for
, 406.
Mikaʾel I, metropolitan
: 35, 39–40, 55, 173–175, 235, 342
Mikaʾel II, metropolitan
: 45, 174
Mikaʾel (or Zämikaʾel), the Egyptian
: 236
Mikaʾel Amba, church
: xvii, 28, 35, 40, 170, 174, 175, 176, 235n, 331, 342
military
:
army
regiments
, 64, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 77–79, 80, 82, 83, 85;
service
: 62, 409.
Minas, king
: 260n, 382n, 469, 471n
Minas, saint, Ethiopian monastery of, in Egypt
: 431, 432, 433
mine(s), mining
: 92, 395, 412, 424
Miracles of Mary (Gz. Täʾammerä Maryam)
: 185, 186, 187, 233, 238–9, 254–255, 313n, 351, 352, 353, 355, 389
Monumentum Adulitanum
: 222
Morara, royal ancestor
: 41, 42, 44, 50, 51
mosque(s)
:
in Ethiopia
, 43, 96, 101, 106, 107, 112, 126n, 129, 131, 141, 148n, 151–152, 469;
of Damascus (Ethiopians at)
, 153, 443;
of al-Azhar, Cairo (Ethiopians at)
, 153, 443–444, 452;
Great Mosque of Ṣanʿāʾ
, 285, 294n, 302n
Motälämi, title/name of ruler of Damot
: 71, 80, 123–124, 139, 207, 415, 421
muʾaḏḏin (muezzin)
: 152, 441
Muger, region
: 75
Muhammad, the Prophet
: xvi, 34, 88, 142, 145, 146, 148, 150, 281n, 322, 387, 445, 472
Muḥammad Abū ʿAbdallāh, šayḫ
: 156
Muḥammad b. Azhar al-Dīn, sultan
: 104, 105, 157, 158
Muḥammad b. Badlāy, sultan
: 76, 78
Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm Gaša, imam
: 465, 466
Muḥammad b. Nāṣir, sultan
: 465
mule(s)
: 66, 378, 379, 402, 418, 422
Mūrah, Islamic community
: 95
Murara, royal ancestor
:
see Morara
al-Mursī, Abū al-ʿAbbās, Muslim mystic
: 153n
music
:
chant
musical instruments
, 185n, 198;
musical notation
, 307;
royal songs
, 66, 71, 422.
Näʾakkweto Läʾab, king/saint
: 32, 206;
Life of
, 32, 50, 279, 280
nägad ras (head of caravans)
: 414
nägadi (merchant)
: 416.
merchant(s)
Naǧāḥid, Ethiopian dynasty of Yemen/Dahlak Islands
: 90–91, 445
Nägaš, locality
: 88, 148n
nägaš, title
: 71, 80.
baḥǝr nägaš
nägś (hymns)
: 190
Naʿod, king
: 16n, 77, 80, 83, 182, 339, 357, 364, 390, 391
Naʿod Mogäsa, queen
: 390, 392, 393
narthex
: 166, 172, 344
Naǧāšī, al-Naǧāšī (Ethiopian king in Islamic tradition)
: 88, 145–147
Naǧrān, locality in Ḥimyar (Yemen)
:
Ethiopian building in
, 53;
Ethiopian conquest of
, 53, 269, 279, 280;
Martyrium of (Gz. Gädlä Nagran)
, 231, 232;
massacre of Christians in
, 257, 266, 269, 279
Nassābūn (Islamic genealogists)
: 149
nazīl (Islamic trade-tax collector)
: 421
Nazret, modern town in Šäwa
: 95
Nazret, locality in Tǝgray
: 237
Nazret Maryam, church, in Tǝgray
: 35, 40, 55, 174, 175, 176
nǝburä ǝd, office
: 28, 68, 81, 238, 240, 432n
nǝgǝśt, title
: 28, 376, 382, 383
nǝguś, title
: 28, 38
Nǝḥǝyo Bä-Krǝstos, personage
: 343
Nicaea, council of
: 162, 255, 257
niche(s), in church architecture
: 173, 175, 176, 177
Nile, river
:
archeology in Sudan along
, 285n;
Ethiopian kings’ legendary ability to control
, 22;
papyrus and
, 291n;
route to Egypt along
, 285n, 428–429;
town of al-Fuwwah in delta of
, 151n.
Blue Nile
:
see Abbay
“Nine Saints”
: 119–120, 199–200, 201, 224n, 262, 264, 273, 280
Nob, monk/prince
: 339
nomocanon
: 162n, 164
Nora
:
Islamic site
: 106, 111, 126n, 151, 404;
site of Christian church
, 40
Nubia/Nubian
: 3, 23, 36–37, 171, 178, 285n, 291n, 294n, 295n, 303n, 428, 444, 448, 468
nuns
: 40, 174, 213n, 371- 373, 374, 394, 434n, 436–437
Nūr al-Dīn ʿAli, merchant
: 416–417
Nūr b. Muǧāhid, emir
: 157, 159, 464–465, 475
oil(s)
: 400, 423;
in liturgical ceremonies
, 167, 190, 191
Order concerning those who are baptized (Gz. Śǝrʿatä habt bäʾǝntä ǝllä yǝṭṭämmäqu)
: 242–243, 247, 248, 251
Order of the Church (Gz. Śǝrʿatä betä krǝstiyan)
: 242
Oromo, people
: 16, 26, 83, 114, 115, 131, 157n, 159, 386, 454, 464, 465, 466, 470–476
Ottoman(s)
:
province in Ethiopia
, 6, 16, 130n, 454, 468–470;
coins in Ethiopia
, 130;
conquest of Jerusalem
, 430;
expansion into Red Sea region
, 462, 468;
Portuguese rivalry with
, 461–462;
role in Ethiopian Muslim-Christian wars
, 462–463
Pachomius, saint
: 199, 281;
Rule of
, 165, 168, 202, 224, 232, 253;
Pachomian monks
, 168
Páez, Pedro
: 369, 380, 381, 392n, 468
page(s) (Gz. blatten, pl. blattenočč), office
: 72, 73, 84–85
painter(s)/artist(s)
: 181, 255, 314, 344, 349, 359–364, 432
paleography/paleographic
: 220, 226, 283n, 288, 290, 313
Palestine
: 107, 198n, 239, 350
palimpsest(s)
: 25, 227, 429n
Ṗänṭälewon/Ṗänṭälewon zäṣomaʿt, saint
: 200;
Ǝnda Abba Ṗänṭälewon
Life of
, 231, 232, 266, 269–270, 279.
paper, as manuscript support
: 310n;
in Christian Ethiopian manuscripts
, 234–235, 288n, 292, 436n;
in Muslim manuscripts
, 292, 295n
ṗaṗṗas, title
: 27, 163, 195.
patriarch; metropolitan; pope
papyrus
: 291, 308n, 309n
parchment
:
as main support for medieval Christian manuscripts in Ethiopia
, 235, 291, 292;
production of
, 291–292, 315–316, 317, 402;
use for Coptic manuscripts
, 309;
use for Islamic scrolls
, 295n;
use for medieval Nubian manuscripts
, 285n;
use for pastedowns
, 298;
use for thread
, 296n;
use today
, 285
Pastophorium/-a, in church architecture
: 166, 167, 170n, 171, 172, 173, 175, 176, 177
pastoralists, pastoralism
: 401, 402, 471n, 475
patriarch(s), of Alexandria
: 27, 37, 39, 105, 162, 163, 173, 214, 428, 429;
Abraham the Syrian
, 176;
Athanasius
–
see Athanasius
;
Christodulos
, 39;
Cyril I
, 164, 165n, 188, 201, 202;
Cyril II
, 43, 173;
Dioscorus
, 164;
Gabriel II
, 39, 176;
Gabriel V
, 191, 380n;
Gabriel VII
, 274;
John VI
, 33, 39, 44, 47;
Macarius II
, 39, 173;
Matthew I
, 181;
Peter
, 249;
Philotheos
, 36, 172
patriarch, Catholic, for Ethiopia
: 467
patriarch, of Constantinople
: 257
patristic/patristics
: 201, 224, 225, 226, 255, 258
Paul, apostle/saint
: 245;
Acts of
: 244n
Paul of Thebes, “the first hermit,” Life of
: 202, 224
peasant(s)/peasantry
: 106, 376, 381, 383, 397, 402, 404, 407–8, 409, 413, 422, 423, 452
pepper
: 417
Periplus of the Erythrean Sea
: 3, 222
Peter, apostle/saint
:
Acts of
, 244;
basilica of (Rome)
, 438
Peter of Alexandria, bishop/patriarch, saint
: 249;
Acts of
, 227, 228, 266
Phileas, saint, Acts of
: 266
Philo of Carpasia
: 225
philology/philological
: 8, 10, 11, 13, 19, 163, 202, 207n, 216, 218, 223, 260, 264;
methods of
, 220–221
Physiologus
: 224
pilgrim(s)/pilgrimage
:
Ethiopian Christian
, 181n, 332, 372, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 436, 438, 442n;
Latin
, 430, 431, 434, 436, 445, 446;
Muslim
, 88, 97, 147, 443
plough
: 399, 400
pope(s)
: 21, 27, 241n, 364, 438, 439;
Paul III
, 438, 440, 467;
Sixtus IV
, 21, 438
Portugal/Portuguese
: 6, 21, 29, 93, 150, 192, 336n, 338, 366, 378, 391, 393, 402, 417, 446, 454, 452n, 461–462, 463, 466–468, 469, 470
Potken, Johannes
: 438
poultry
: 405
presbyterium, in church architecture
: 166, 170, 178
priest(s)
:
Christian Ethiopian
, 28, 37, 39, 40, 46, 123, 164, 170, 174, 186, 191, 193, 211, 240, 246, 270, 316–317, 358, 364, 368n, 369, 379n, 380, 431, 437;
foreign
, 20, 235, 242;
local-religious
, 114–115, 123;
married
, 368n, 369, 380, 381, 437;
priest-king
, 60
printing
:
in Ethiopia
, 285;
of Gǝʿǝz works in 16th-c. Europe
, 439, 440–441
prostitute(s)
: 375–376
Prothesis, in liturgy
: 167, 171, 182
Pseudo-apostolic (literature)
: 232, 233, 246, 247, 379
qāḍī (Islamic judge)
: 94, 150n, 152, 156
qalä-ḥaṣe, office
: 73
Qälemǝnṭos
:
see Book of Clement
Qalāwūn, Mamluk sultan
: 429
Qänqanit (Mikaʾel), church
: 180
qaṣ, office
: 74
Qawǝsṭos, saint, Life of
: 272
qäysä gäbäzä Ṣǝyon, office
: 46
al-Qazwīnī, author
: 406
Qǝdǝmt, cemetery at Lalibäla
: 335
Qerǝllos, text
: 224
Qoḥayto, locality
: 166
Qorqor Maryam, church
: 335, 341n, 343
queen(s)
:
Christian Ethiopian
, 21, 28, 44–45, 47, 58n, 68, 77, 80, 339, 372n, 374, 376–379, 382–383, 385, 386–394;
non-Christian
, 4, 36–37, 41 , 141, 172, 384 (
Gudit
);
Muslim
, 93, 102, 141, 388;
local religious
, 386, 388
Queen of Sheba
: 54, 55, 59, 257, 258, 385–386.
Makǝdda
Quran
: 108, 148, 152, 285n
Qurayš, Meccan clan
: 148
Qūṣ (Gz. Qusqam), in Egypt
: 90, 429, 430, 432, 433–434, 442n
radiocarbon analysis/dating
: 10, 96, 106, 127, 128, 129n, 130n, 131, 132, 134, 135, 286, 288n, 308, 309n, 335, 345n
raq-masäre, office
: 74
ras (chief), title for series of offices
: 67, 74, 78, 83, 395, 409, 412n, 414
Rasūlid, dynasty of Yemen
: 92, 102, 110, 154n, 415
Red Sea
: 1, 2, 3, 6, 26, 34, 69, 79, 86, 89, 92, 96, 110, 152, 154, 197, 203, 266, 397, 401, 414, 416, 417, 418, 428, 444, 445, 454, 461, 462, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470
regents/regency
: 21, 58n, 84, 85, 104, 383, 385, 388, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394
Rejoyce our sons! (Gz. Täfäśśǝḥu wǝludǝnä)
: 242, 247
Rema Mädḫane ʿAläm, church
: 339, 361
rǝst, land-right
: 61, 381, 407–408, 410
Rest of the words of Baruch
: 224
Roha, locality
: 31, 333.
Lalibäla
Rome/Roman
: ancient, 17, 114, 164, 168, 197, 203, 217, 358, 389; church, 163, 191, 467; medieval, 292, 314n, 364, 426, 429, 435, 437–441, 451, 452 ; term(s) for Byzantine/Byzantium/Constantinople, 163n, 199, 245, 255, 257
Romna, royal concubine
: 390, 391n, 392
Ros Näbyat, officer
: 82
ribāṭ
:151
Ṣäʿandǝwat, locality
: 42
Säʿatat (liturgical Hours)
: 185, 186, 188.
Hours
Säblä Wängel, queen
: 363, 378, 383, 387, 393, 394
Sabbath
:
of the Christians (Sunday)
, 179, 184, 256;
First Sabbath (Saturday)
, 179, 184, 186, 187, 245, 254, 256
Ṣabr al-Dīn I, sultan
: 66, 70, 387, 415
Ṣabr al-Dīn II, sultan
: 76, 102, 104
Saʿd al-Dīn, military leader
: 76, 101, 102, 103, 104, 108, 465, 466.
Barr Saʿd al-Dīn
Šāḏiliyya, Sufi brotherhood
: 107
Ṣadǝqan (“Righteous ones”), saints
: 199;
Lives of
, 199, 280
Ṣafī al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Muʾmin b. ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq al-Ḥanbalī al-Baġdādī, personage
: 151n
Šāfiʿī, Islamic law school
: 107, 151, 153
sägwa (royal ‘nickname’)
: 52
ṣäḥafälam/ṣäḥafä lam/ṣäḥafe lam, office
: 46, 48, 67, 74, 75, 80, 421
ṣäḥafe tǝʾǝzaz, office
: 46
ṣāḥib, Islamic title
: 91, 159
Ṣäḥma, saint, Life of
: 280
Sälama, first bishop of Aksum
:
see Frumentius
Sälama “the Translator,” metropolitan
: 183, 185, 192, 229, 230, 236, 266, 353n
Ṣällämt, region
: 77
ṣalāt al-ġayb, Muslim prayer
: 146
Ṣāliḥ, qāḍī
: 150n, 156
Ṣälotä kidan/Prayer of the Covenant
: 190
salt
: 395, 419–420;
as currency
: 419, 420
šamma (woven cloth)
: 411, 420
Samuʾel of Däbrä Qwäyäṣa, saint
: 215
Samuʾel of Däbrä Wägäg, saint, Life of
: 122n, 276
Samuʾel of Waldǝbba, saint
: 209, 275;
Life of
, 209n, 275
Ṣanʿāʾ, locality in Yemen
: 285, 294n, 302n
Santo Stefano, Ethiopian monastery in Rome
: 292, 438–441
Särawe, region
: 43, 81
al-Šarǧī, author
: 442–443
Šarḫā, sultanate/Islamic region
: 99, 419
Śärṣ́ä Dǝngǝl, king
: 25, 423, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 476;
Chronicle of
, 105, 260n, 459, 471
Sarzana Mikaʾel, church
: 180
ṣasärge, office
: 72, 84
“Sasu,” region/locality
: 412
Šäwa, region/province
: xvi, 24, 65, 68n, 70, 74–75, 76, 79, 80, 95, 105, 109, 119, 123, 129, 130, 132, 133, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 154, 207, 211, 273, 338, 341, 351n, 388, 404, 414, 415, 421, 461, 475n, 476
Šawah, Islamic polity/sultanate(s)
: xvi, 4, 65, 66, 70, 93–95, 97, 99, 106, 111, 139–140, 141, 148, 152, 211n, 388
Sawākin, Red Sea port
: 428, 468, 469
ṣäware, office
:
ṣäware narge mäsäräy
, 46;
ṣäware ʿarat
, 447n
Sawiros, metropolitan
: 173
Säyfä Arʿad, king
: 66, 70, 74, 75, 76, 80, 180, 212, 271, 350, 373, 430
šayḫ, Islamic title
: 92, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153n, 156
scarification
: 367, 368
scribe(s)/scribal
: 14, 52, 252, 292, 303, 305, 307, 309–315, 316, 317, 318, 349, 391
scriptorium/-a
: 208n, 241, 313, 347
scroll (Gz. kətab)
:
see manuscript forms
sǝmʿ (“martyrdom,” Acts), genre
: xvii, 261.
hagiography; individual saints’ names
Šǝmäzana, region
: 34, 35, 44, 47, 65, 199.
Däbrä Libanos of Šǝmäzana/Ham
Šǝmbǝrä Kwǝrǝ (Ar. Ṣambra Kūrā), locality/battle
: 75, 459
Sǝmen, region
: 77, 393, 401, 410, 462
Sǝmʿon, officer
: 395, 409, 412n
Sǝmʿon, the Egyptian
: 183, 235
Sǝnnar, region
: 402, 412
Senodos/Synodicon
: 188, 189, 190, 209, 225, 228, 232, 233, 242–243, 245n, 246, 247–248, 250, 353
sənsul
:
see manuscript forms
Ṣǝraʿ, region
: 42, 43, 92n, 172, 175
ṣəraj-masäre, office
: 72
Śǝrʿatä gǝbr/Order of the banquet
: 60, 61, 376, 377, 404, 422
Śǝrʿatä mangǝśt/Order of the kingdom
: 59, 63, 383
Śǝrʿatä qwǝrḥät
: 60, 390
serpent(s), snake(s)
: 119–121, 123
śəyyum (pl. śəyyuman), office
: 62, 421
Shay, local-religious culture
: 132–139, 140
Sheba, Queen of
:
see Queen of Sheba
sheep
: 111, 138, 296, 402, 403, 418
Shenoute, saint (Egyptian)
: 168, 281.
White Monastery
Shepherd of Hermas
: 223n, 224, 231n, 232
Sidaama
: language, 26, 207; people, 37n, 384n, 386, 388
Sidamo, region
: 127
Šihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Qādir (a.k.a ʿArab Faqīh)
:
see ʿArab Faqīh
silk
: 70, 108, 378, 417
silver
: 415;
coins
, 33, 109, 110, 130, 223, 412, 418–419;
manuscript covers
, 301;
mines
–
see mine(s)/mining
;
objects
, 131, 135, 336, 357, 395, 433;
silversmiths
, 315
Simon the Cananaean (Gz. Sǝmʿon qänänawi)
: 242, 247
Sinai
: 227n, 229, 266, 429, 434
sistrum (percussion instrument)
: 169
slave(s)/slavery/enslaved
: 15, 85, 90, 91, 92, 96, 97, 110, 140, 153n, 376, 387, 395, 398, 406n, 409–410, 416, 418, 421, 425, 426, 427, 441, 442, 444–450, 451, 452, 455, 458, 463n, 470
snakes
:
see serpent(s)
Socotra
: 427
Soddo, region
: 127
Solomon, biblical king
: 4n, 5, 31, 54, 55, 59, 63, 68, 236, 257, 258, 385
Solomon/Sälomon, Ethiopian regnal name
: 52, 55, 301n, 345, 356
“Solomonic” dynasty
:
administration
, 64, 67–85, 136;
appellation
, 4, 31;
chronicles
, 258–260;
coup/beginnings
, 4, 31, 57, 119, 179, 205, 206, 275;
expansion
, 12, 62, 64–67, 123;
ideology
, 4–5, 31, 59–60, 63–64, 257, 258, 279, 281, 385–385, 386;
religious relations
, 136, 208, 211, 275, 280;
succession practices
, 57–58;
trade and
, 415
Ṣomä Dǝggwa (Hymnary for Lent)
: 185
Somali
: language, 26, 455n, 456n; people, 103, 442, 456n, 460, 466, 469
Somalia/Somaliland/Somali coast
: 1, 2, 99, 130, 401, 415, 418, 469
Sophia, saint, Acts of (with Ṗistis, Elpis and Agape)
: 266
Sourré-Kabanawa, local-religious/archeological site
: 131
spice(s)
: 109, 416, 417
stela(e)
:
Aksumite
, 116n, 125n, 329;
Islamic
, 42n, 89, 90–91, 92, 93, 95, 96, 415;
local-religious
, 126–129, 141
Stephanite
:
see Ǝsṭifanosite
subscription(s)
: 229, 235, 236, 241, 266.
colophon(s)
Sudan/Sudanese
: 1, 23, 160, 285n, 291n, 412n
Sūdān (Ar.), term for black Africans
: 444
Sufi/(Islamic) mystical master/mystical brotherhood
: 107, 149, 153, 155, 159, 160, 443
sugar
: 404, 406
supplication(s)
: 307, 316, 318; liturgical, 168
Synaxary/Synaxarion (Gz. Sǝnkǝssar
), 37, 183, 184, 235, 260, 267, 276, 278, 374n
Synodicon
:
see Senodos
Syria/Syrian
: 90, 99, 107, 171, 176, 194, 197, 198n, 216, 224n, 239, 262, 434, 452n
Syriac
:
language
, 218, 223, 224n, 229, 243, 292n, 416n, 432n;
church
, 164;
manuscripts
, 306n, 325
Täʾammerä Maryam
:
see Miracles of Mary
Täʿaqǝbo mǝśṭir (Custody/Protection of the Mystery)
: 189, 241
tabot
:
see altar tablet
al-Tabrīzī, Persian merchant
: 452
Tädbabä Maryam, church
: 181, 355
Tadewos of Däbrä Maryam, saint, Life of
, 272
Tadewos of Däbrä Bartarwa, saint, Life of
: 276
Tadīt bint Māyālāmā, female Islamic ruler
: 388
ṭäǧǧ (mead)
: 406
Tägulät, district
: 75
Täklä Alfa, saint, Life of
: 276
Täklä Haymanot, monk/saint
: 123, 206, 207–209, 212, 273, 274, 275, 374;
Life of
, 123, 139, 207, 213n, 273–274, 275, 280, 281, 371
Täklä Maryam, painter
: 362
Täkle the Abyssinian, painter
: 364, 432
Ṭana, lake
:
Agäw speakers north of
, 49;
battle near
, 463;
Betä Ǝsraʾel near
, 20;
craftsmen around
, 341;
hagiographies related to
, 276–277;
post-medieval Christian kingdom near
, 7, 476;
region west of
, 26, 117n;
religious centers in/near
, 287, 339, 351, 353, 357, 360, 374n, 392;
saints at
, 374
Ṭana Qirqos, church
: 287
Ṭänṭäwǝdǝm, king
: 32, 35, 38, 41–42, 43, 44, 45, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 92n, 172n, 345, 356, 407n
Taʾrīḫ al-mulūk (History of the Kings)
: 459
Taʾrīḫ al-Walasmaʿ (History of the Walasmaʿ)
: 98, 101
Täsfa Giyorgis, ʿaqqabe säʿat
: 390
Täsfa Ṣǝyon, monk
: 440–441, 451
Tätär Gur, local-religious site
: 134
tax(es)/taxation
: 53, 102, 103, 108, 111, 398, 400, 402, 407–408, 415, 420–421, 422, 423;
tribute
ḫarāǧ
, 104, 108;
zakāt
, 108.
Täzkar (memorial celebration)
: 278, 408
teff
:
see cereals/grains
Tǝgray, region
:
in Aksumite era
, 117, 339;
art from
, 353, 363;
battles in
, 38, 67, 461, 462;
economy of
, 1, 36, 109, 399, 402, 403, 412, 413n, 414, 423;
Islamic sites in
, 24, 42–43, 87n, 88, 89, 91, 92, 111, 154n;
Jesuits in
, 467;
Oromo expansion to
, 476;
Ottomans in
, 469–470;
in post-Aksumite era
, 169–172, 329–330;
religious institutions of
, xvii, 34–36, 40, 41, 42, 169–172, 178, 180, 225, 275, 324, 329–330, 339, 353;
saints in
, 199, 275;
Tǝgrǝñña spoken in
, 49;
Solomonic activity in
, 67, 68;
texts produced/preserved in
, 55, 119, 120, 238, 249, 258, 288n;
women in
, 367, 369–370, 378;
Zagwa people in
, 50;
Zagwe activity in
, 24, 35, 41, 42, 334
Təgre-mäkwännən, office
: 81.
mäkwännən
Təhrəyännä Maryam, royal woman(?)
: 343
Ṭəlq, locality
: 60, 75, 101
Tǝmben, locality
: 180
Tǝrdaʾ Gäbäz, reputed Aksumite princess
: 384–385
Terraces, terracing
: 106, 124, 402–403
Testament of Our Lord/Testamentum Domini (Gz. Mäṣḥäfä kidan)
: 188, 189, 190, 225, 232, 246, 379
Tewoflos, saint, Acts of (with Ṗaṭroqya and Dämalis)
: 266
Textile(s)
: 411;
cotton; silk
in manuscript production
, 296, 317.
Theodore the Oriental (Gz. Tewodros bänadlewos), saint, Acts of
: 235
Theology, theological
: 203, 215, 242, 253;
controversies
, 187–188, 273;
texts
, 60, 142, 189, 216, 224, 240, 243, 255–256
Tihāma, coastal region of Arabian peninsula
: 89, 90, 107
Timbuktu
: 284
Tiya, local-religious site
: frontispiece, 127
Ṭobya, locality
: 76
Toḵondaʿ, locality
: 166
Ṭomarä tǝsbǝʾt
:
see Epistle of Humanity
trade
: 15, 89–93, 97, 102, 108–111, 375, 413–421;
merchant(s)
Aksumite-era
, 2, 3, 34, 154n, 444;
Christians in long-distance
, 110, 415, 417, 447;
local/regional
, 92, 96–97, 111, 395, 413–414;
local-religious in
, 77, 136, 138, 415–416, 448;
long-distance
, 2, 34, 66, 89, 91, 96, 97, 108–109, 111, 395, 397, 401, 414–415, 423, 470;
Muslim prominence in long-distance
, 6, 89–92, 103, 108–109, 111, 136, 416–417, 419, 446, 447, 448;
routes
, 4, 36, 66, 71, 77, 89, 90, 91, 103, 109–110, 154, 200, 396, 398, 413, 415, 419, 421, 470;
royal involvement in
, 102, 110, 415, 417, 421, 446;
trade goods
, 96, 108, 109, 110, 136, 402, 415, 417–418, 420.
translation(s) into Gǝʿǝz
: 13, 38, 53n, 183, 186, 187, 191, 217–230, 233, 235–239, 241, 243–244, 246, 249, 250–251, 252–253, 254, 255, 256, 260, 261, 265–267, 268, 270, 350, 351;
Aksumite-era
, 3, 165, 189, 201, 202–203, 217, 218, 219, 223–226, 227, 228, 234, 250, 251, 252, 265, 345;
and the Kǝbrä nägäśt
, 5n, 54–55, 59, 68, 237–238, 256–258, 266
Treatise on the Antichrist by Hippolytus
: 225
tribute
: 5, 61, 70, 76, 77, 78, 82, 90, 99, 100, 104, 120, 121n, 408, 409, 411, 421–422, 423, 457.
tax(es)
triumphal arch
: 166, 170, 173, 175, 176, 178, 331, 343
tumulus/tumuli
: 130–138, 141
Tuto Fela, local-religious site
: 128
al-ʿUmarī, author
: 66, 69, 70, 75, 98, 99, 100, 105, 106, 108, 110, 111, 112n, 140, 150, 151, 153, 154, 155n, 403, 405, 406, 418, 419, 422, 448
Umm Ayman, personage
: 387
Umm Ḥabība bint Abī Sufyān, personage
: 387
Umm Salmā bint Abī Umayya, personage
: 387
ʿUra Mäsqäl, church
: 35, 41, 43, 44, 225n, 282n, 330, 356, 407n
ʿUra Qirqos, church
: 32, 35, 41
ʿurf, pre-Islamic practice
: 144
Venice/Venetian
:
craftsmen in Ethiopia
, 349, 363;
currency of used in Ethiopia
, 109;
Ethiopian embassy to
, 21, 181;
lordship of Cyprus
, 437
Wabi Šäbälle, river
: 66, 476n
Wādī al-Naṭrūn
: 428, 429, 431–432, 433
Wäf Argäf, locality
: 330
Wafāt/Beri-Ifat, Islamic city
: 106, 107, 404
Wag, region between Tǝgray and Lasta
: 49
Wäǧ, polity/region in southern Šäwa
: 388, 471
Wägda, district
: 75
Wälamo, region
: 79, 400.
Wälaytta
Wäläqa, region
: 420
Walasmaʿ (Gz. Wäläšma), Islamic dynasty
: 65, 66, 75, 76, 93, 97, 98, 99, 100–101, 103, 104, 106, 107, 108, 111, 139, 140, 148, 156, 157, 158n, 208, 211n, 415, 476
Wälaytta
:
language
, 26;
people
, 127;
region/polity
: 77, 401
Waldǝbba, region
: 273, 275;
Samuʾel of Waldǝbba
“Waldǝbba recension,”
207n, 273.
Wale Iyäsus, church
: 178n
Wālī ʾAsmaʿ, sultan
: 94, 95, 99, 103
Wällo, region
: 144n, 160, 204, 205, 206, 207, 402, 403, 413n
wänbäročč, offices
: 72
war
:
booty of
, 53;
Christian-Betä Ǝsraʾel
, 411n;
Christian-Muslim
, 66, 71, 78, 100–101, 103, 106, 146, 156, 159, 321, 415, 454, 455–456, 457–463, 464, 465, 466;
civil
, 58, 410, 457, 458;
enslaved in
, 409, 446;
of “Gudit”/queen of the Banū l-Ham(u)wīya
, 37, 141;
imports for
, 417;
of the Oromo
, 473, 475, 476;
women and
, 14, 259, 393–394, 409
Wäräb, local-religious polity/district
: 415
Wärwär, locality
: 31, 46, 333.
Lalibäla
Waša Mikaʾel, church
: 177, 344
Wašlu, locality
: 418
weapon(s)
: 131, 134, 417, 473.
firearms
weaver(s), weaving
: 410, 411
Wǝddase Maryam (Praise of Mary), liturgical office
: 186
Wədəm Räʿad, king
: 156
weights and measurements
: 413
Wǝqen Gäbrǝʾel, church
: 180
Wǝqro, locality
: 199
Wǝqro Mädḫäne ʿAläm, church
: 180
Wǝqro Maryam, church
: 177–178, 180
Wǝqro Qirqos, church
: 175, 176, 330n, 342, 357
White Monastery of Egypt
: 235, 428
wine
:
absence from Ethiopian drinking culture
, 406–407;
in the liturgy
, 166, 167, 171, 177, 192;
sellers
, 375
Wiz, locality
: 420
women
: 14, 28, 65, 97, 194, 213n, 257, 259, 313n, 365–394, 398, 409, 417, 426, 436, 445, 448, 450
wood/wooden
:
branches, in burial
, 127;
construction material
, 170, 180, 329, 330, 331, 332, 336, 338;
objects
, 127, 128, 177, 178, 335, 349, 357, 359, 360, 361, 362;
in household economy
, 395, 409;
in bookmaking
, 295, 296, 298, 309
World Heritage List/Site(s)
: 127, 148n, 328, 332
Yädǝbba Maryam, church
: 342
Yaʿəbikä Ǝgziʾ, officer
: 68, 237–238, 258
Yafqǝrännä Ǝgziʾ, saint, Life of
: 276
Yagba Ṣǝyon, king
: 58n, 348, 429
Yäḥä, locality
: 166
Yaḥyā Naṣrallāh, author
: 149n
Yäläbäsa
:
see Ṭəlq
Yāqūt al-ʿAršī, Muʿīn al-Dīn, Ethiopian mystical master
: 153
Yared, saint
: 179, 183, 190, 275;
Life of
, 275
Yǝkunno Amlak, king
: 4, 5n, 7, 54, 55, 57, 73, 94, 99, 256, 275, 339n, 343
Yǝmʿata, saint
: 269;
Life of
, 280
Yemen/Yemeni
:
Aksumite intervention in
, 3, 53, 201, 257, 279, 427;
cultural contact with
, 23, 97, 107, 137, 151n, 152, 160, 285;
Ethiopian diplomacy with
, 22, 36, 92, 97, 442, 446;
Ethiopian migration to
, 152, 426, 442–443, 451;
Ifat rebels’ refuge in
, 76, 102, 103;
Ethiopian “slave dynasty” of
, 91, 445;
Ottomans in
, 130n, 462, 468, 470;
role in 16th-c jihad
, 6, 159, 455n, 461;
suzerainty of Dahlak Islands
, 90;
trade with
, 23, 70, 89, 97, 108, 130n, 154n, 359, 402, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 420, 449
Yǝmrǝḥannä Ǝgziʾ, king
: 354, 379
Yǝmrǝḥannä Krǝstos, king/saint
: 32;
church of
, 177, 325, 329, 331, 336, 343;
Life of
, 50, 279
Yǝsḥaq, author of Mäṣḥafä mǝśṭirä sämay wämǝdr
: 241, 243n
Yǝsḥaq, baḥǝr nägaš
: 461, 468, 469, 470
Yǝsḥaq, king
: 21, 58n, 77, 101, 104, 236, 240, 339, 410, 411n, 416, 422
Yǝsḥaq, metropolitan
: 244n
Yǝsḥaq, nǝburä ǝd of Aksum
: 68, 237–238, 243n
Yǝsḥaq Tǝgray, author
: 243, 245, 249, 251
Yoḥannəs, bishop of Aksum
: 120
Yoḥannəs Məśraqawi (John the Oriental), saint, Life of
: 264, 270
Yoḥannǝs zä-Qoṗros (of Cyprus), monk
: 437, 441
Yoḥannǝs of Qänṭorare, monk
: 314n, 441
Yoḥanni, saint
: 199; church of Abba Yoḥanni, 180, 182n
Yūsuf ʾAsʾar Yaṯʾar (Ar. Ḏu Nuwās, Gz. Finḥas), Jewish Ḥimyarite king
: 279
Zabīd, Yemen
: 90, 91, 130n, 445, 462
Zäge, monastery
: 276
Zagwe, dynasty
: 4, 5, 12, 24, 25, 31–33, 38, 41–56, 64, 123, 139, 164, 204–205, 279n, 333, 356, 379, 384;
administration of
, 45–47, 67, 69; era of, 7, 12, 16, 164, 172, 179, 356;
ethnic identity of
, 31, 48–51;
territory of
, 41–49, 67, 69, 111, 205–206, 207, 333–334;
sanctity of
, 32, 55–56, 205, 374, 386;
overthrow of
, 64, 111, 119, 205, 206, 208;
use of Aksumite traditions
, 51–54, 205;
as “usurpers,”
5, 31, 54–56, 68, 237, 256–257, 385, 386
Zagʷa
: 50, 237
Zä-Iyäsus, abbot/ʿaqqabe säʿat
: 286, 349
zakāt
:
see tax(es)
Zamikaʾel Arägawi, saint
: 200, 273;
Life of
, 200n, 201, 270, 273
žan-masäre, office
: 72
Žan Ḫayla, queen
: 392
Žan Säyfa, queen
: 390, 391
Žan Zela
:
see Ǝleni
Zanśǝyyum, royal ancestor
: 41, 42, 44
Zar, spirit-possession cult
: 115–116, 122n, 404n
Zäʾra Yaʿǝqob, king
: 7, 182, 228, 240, 340, 360, 378;
administration of
, 64, 69, 71–72, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81–84, 122, 271, 389–90, 421;
battles of
, 76, 77;
chronicle of
, 98n, 104, 109, 181, 259, 376;
diplomacy of
, 21, 443;
family relations
, 58, 75, 77, 85, 377, 388, 389–90, 391, 392, 421;
religious policy
, 122, 181, 184, 186–191, 214, 215, 216, 239, 254, 272, 357, 360, 368, 369–70, 379–80;
royal-dynastic legitimation and
, 58, 60, 80–81, 392;
royal capital of
, 75;
writings attributed to
, 58, 122, 188, 189, 233, 239, 241, 255–256, 315n, 368
Zärema Giyorgis, church
: 239, 330
zāwiya, Islamic institution
: 151
Zayāliʿ/Zayāliʿa (sing. Zaylaʿī), term for Ethiopian Muslims
: 107, 153, 416, 442, 443
al-Zaylaʿī, Ǧamāl al-Dīn, faqih
: 151
al-Zaylaʿī, family settled in Yemen
: 152, 443, 451
Zaylaʿ, port
: 2, 4, 66, 76, 89, 96–97, 99, 101, 103, 107, 108, 109, 157, 405, 414, 417, 421, 442, 445, 446, 451, 460, 468, 469
Zäyoḥannǝs, saint, Life of
: 276–277
zebu
: 402
Zena Marqos, saint, Life of
: 276
Zena Maryam, saint
: 277, 372n, 374–375;
Life of
, 277
Zena Däbrä Libanos (History of Däbrä Libanos)
: 392n, 393n
Zenahu la-Galla (History of the Galla)
: 471
Zir Ganela, princess/abbess
: 351, 353, 373
Ziyādid, dynasty of Yemen
: 90, 445
Zonaios, monk
: 270
Zorzi, Alessandro, Venetian author/compiler
: 109, 110, 388
Zoskales, Aksumite ruler
: 222
Zoz Amba Giyorgis, church
: 178n
Zway, lake
: 1, 353