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Military Training and Children in Armed Conflict
Law, Policy and Practice
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During recent armed conflicts â such as those in Iraq, the former Yugoslavia, and Rwanda â public attention was repeatedly caught by images of children, both as civilians and as soldiers. Those conflicts, like so many others, were vivid reminders that where there is armed conflict there are also, almost always, children. Soldiers and officers fulfil many roles in relation to such children â sometimes as combatants, sometimes as humanitarian workers, sometimes as protectors, and/or sometimes as enemies and abusers.
This book aims to address three main questions: what are the obligations of officers of national armed forces in relation to children, either civilians or combatants, whom they or those under their command may encounter while participating in situations of armed conflict? How realistic and achievable are these obligations? How can compliance with them be encouraged, monitored, and/or enforced? The book examines these questions in the context of military training. In doing so, it has another inextricably linked aim: to see if there are ways in which the training of officers can improve the protection of children in armed conflict situations, in accordance with international law and policy.
It is intended for use particularly by those involved in training of national armed forces, including officers themselves, and members of governments, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and inter-governmental organisations. It is hoped that it will also be of interest to lawyers, academics and others concerned with âchild rightsâ and related law and policy.
It contains examples of actual training materials that can be modified for use in different countries and contexts.
This book aims to address three main questions: what are the obligations of officers of national armed forces in relation to children, either civilians or combatants, whom they or those under their command may encounter while participating in situations of armed conflict? How realistic and achievable are these obligations? How can compliance with them be encouraged, monitored, and/or enforced? The book examines these questions in the context of military training. In doing so, it has another inextricably linked aim: to see if there are ways in which the training of officers can improve the protection of children in armed conflict situations, in accordance with international law and policy.
It is intended for use particularly by those involved in training of national armed forces, including officers themselves, and members of governments, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and inter-governmental organisations. It is hoped that it will also be of interest to lawyers, academics and others concerned with âchild rightsâ and related law and policy.
It contains examples of actual training materials that can be modified for use in different countries and contexts.
Jenny Kuper is a Research Fellow at the London School of Economics. Her Ph.D. (from Kingâs College, London) was published by Oxford University Press: International Law Concerning Child Civilians in Armed Conflict (1997). Prior to this, she worked for a number of years as a UK lawyer, particularly with The Childrenâs Legal Centre, a national child advocacy organisation.
Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; Abbreviations; Table of Treaties and Other Selected Legal Instruments; 1. Introduction: Context, Questions and Framework; Part 1 Law and Policy Relevant to the Training of Officers of National Armed Forces as Regards the Treatment of Children at the Outset, During, and Shortly After Situations of Armed Conflict; 2. Part I(A)(1)âLaw and Policy: Content of Rules Relevant to Officer Training âParameters and Basic Principles; 3. Part I(A)(1)âLaw and Policy: Content of Rules Relevant to Officer Training Regarding ChildrenâChild Civilians; 4. Part I(A)(1)âLaw and Policy: Content of Rules Relevant to Officer Training Regarding ChildrenâChild Soldiers; 5. Part I(A)(1)âLaw and Policy: Content of General Rules Relevant to Officer Training Regarding ChildrenâLandmines, Culpability/Command Responsibility, and Selected War Crimes Trials (1998-2001); 6. Part I(A)(2)âLaw and Policy: Obligations of GovernmentsâTreaty Law, âSoft Lawâ, and the Committee on the Rights of the Child; 7. Part I(B)âImpact of Law and Policy: Methodology; Part II Practice: Training for Officers of National Armed Forces on the Treatment of ChildrenâCountry Studies and the ICRC; 8. Part IIâIntroduction and Country Studies (Category A); 9. Part IIâCountry Studies (Category B) and the ICRC; Part III Summary and Recommendations; 10. Conclusion; Appendices; 1. Captured Child Soldiers in Non-International and in International Armed Conflict; 2. Civil-Military Cooperation: Save the Children, West Africa; 3. Charts: I) Child-Related Training MaterialsâEleven Selected Countries, and II) Summary of CommentsâSan Remo Institute; 4. âBackground Notesâ to Country StudiesâCategory (A) and Category (B); 5. Sample Training Materials; 6. Summary: Key Rules Regarding Child Civilians and Child Soldiers; Bibliography; Index.