International Dimensions and Trends in Higher Education in Troubled Times

Lizhou Wang, Ph.D., Center for International Higher Education (CIHE), Boston College, USA, is a research associate at the University of Tokyo, Japan. She studies and publishes on the internationalization of higher education and the international mobility of students and programs.

Philip G. Altbach, Ph.D., is professor emeritus and distinguished fellow at CIHE, Boston College. He is the author of Global Perspectives on Higher Education and other books. He is the founding editor of International Higher Education.

Hans de Wit, Ph.D., is professor emeritus and distinguished fellow at CIHE, Boston College. He is co-editor of International Higher Education and Policy Reviews in Higher Education and the Brill book series Global Perspectives on Higher Education.

Preface
Notes on Contributors

Introduction: Contemporary Crises in International Higher Education—Context and Challenges
 Lizhou Wang, Philip G. Altbach and Hans de Wit

PART 1: Geopolitical Tensions and Academic (Dis)Engagement

Introduction to Part 1

1 Global Engagement in a Time of Geopolitical Tensions—A New Cold War
 Philip G. Altbach and Hans de Wit
2 Safeguarding Sound International Collaboration
 Ingrid d’Hooghe and Jonas Lammertink
3 Knowledge Diplomacy: Findings, Misunderstandings, and Challenges
 Jane Knight
4 China–Global Relations—A Higher Education Cold War?
 Lizhou Wang and Wen Wen
5 US–China Geopolitical Tensions—Implications for Universities and Science
 Xiaojie Li and Jenny J. Lee
6 Decoding Discord—Paradoxes, Misperceptions and Risks in EU–China Higher Education Cooperation
 Yuzhuo Cai
7 International Collaboration with Russia and China—Researchers Face Difficult Choices
 Jonathan Adams, Jonathan Grant, Jo Johnson and Daniel Murphy
8 The Argument for Academic Engagement with China
 William C. Kirby

PART 2: Nationalism and Populism; Threats to Autonomy and Academic Freedom in the University

Introduction to Part 2

9 Do We Share a Common University Identity?
 Akiyoshi Yonezawa
10 Higher Education in the Age of Populism—Public Good and Civic Engagement
 Ellen Hazelkorn
11 Higher Education Values and Social Responsibility
 Eva Egron-Polak
12 The Woke Debate in Academia—What Could Take Us Further?
 Carel Stolker
13 Universities without Academic Freedom Have No Place in Rankings
 Carsten A. Holz
14 Academic Freedom in Latin America and the Deceptive Comfort of Autonomy
 Andrés Bernasconi
15 Speaking Out for Science and Democracy
 Marcelo Knobel and Goolam Mohamedbhai
16 A New Magna Charta Universitatum
 Sijbolt Noorda

PART 3: Challenges to Equity and Inclusion

Introduction to Part 3

17 Higher Education Equity Policies across the Globe
 Jamil Salmi
18 What Works to Reduce Inequality in Higher Education?
 Koen Geven and Estelle Herbaut
19 Gender and Higher Education—Increasing Exposure of Harassment and Pay Gaps
 Ellen Hazelkorn
20 An Agenda in Motion—Women’s Issues in Latin American Higher Education
 Alma Maldonado-Maldonado and Felicitas Acosta
21 The Unfinished Nature of Women’s Leadership in Higher Education
 Tessa DeLaquil
22 Anti-Blackness and Racism in International Higher Education
 Gerardo Blanco, Philip G. Altbach and Hans de Wit
23 Black International Student Lives Matter
 Chrystal A. George Mwangi
24 Internationalization of Higher Education and the Advantage of Diaspora
 Fazal Rizvi
25 The Complexities of Engaging Africa’s Academic Diaspora
 Ayenachew A. Woldegiyorgis
26 International Students and Diaspora Roots/Routes
 Annette Bamberger

PART 4: Private Higher Education

Introduction to Part 4

27 Private Higher Education Globally—A Distant Second Place?
 Daniel C. Levy
28 The Quiet Global Revolution of Elite Private Higher Education
 Philip G. Altbach
29 Family-Owned Universities: Fit for the Twenty-First Century?
 Edward Choi, Philip G. Altbach, Hans de Wit and Matt R. Allen
30 Private vs. Public Funding for Higher Education
 Philip G. Altbach, Hans de Wit and Ayenachew A. Woldegiyorgis
31 Private Higher Education in Egypt—From Necessary Evil to Celebrated Player
 Ghada Barsoum
32 Private Higher Education in a Dominantly Public Sector—The Case of Germany
 Barbara M. Kehm
33 Vietnam—Public–Private Higher Education Debates in a Communist State
 Quang Chau
34 Romania—Public–Private Divide in a Dual-Track System
 Georgiana Mihut
35 Argentina’s Private Universities—Stringent Regulation of a Small but Consolidated Sector
 Dante J. Salto
36 For-Profit Higher Education in Latin America—Exception or Precursor?
 Dante J. Salto and Daniel C. Levy

PART 5: Research, Dissemination and Doctoral Education

Introduction to Part 5

37 World Research—Networking, Growth, and Diversification
 Simon Marginson
38 Missing from UNESCO’s Roadmap for the Future—The Research Mission of Universities
 Philip G. Altbach and Hans de Wit
39 The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Research
 Xin Xu
40 Research Evaluation—Unraveling the Metrics-Driven Pressures
 Emanuel Kulczycki
41 Too Much Academic Research Is Being Published
 Philip G. Altbach and Hans de Wit
42 Knowledge Production for All
 Alma Maldonado-Maldonado and Jenny J. Lee
43 Publish or Perish
 Maria Yudkevich
44 Does International Publishing Still Matter for China’s Social Sciences Scholars?
 Qiang Zha
45 Exponential Growth of Higher Education Research and the Challenges for Peer Review
 Marco Seeber
46 Doctoral Education: Global Perspectives
 Victor Rudakov and Maria Yudkevich
47 Undervaluing Doctoral Education Post COVID
 Tessa DeLaquil and Lizhou Wang
48 What Is a PhD Useful for?
 Cláudia S. Sarrico
49 China’s Academic Profession Hit by “Involution”
 Qiang Zha

PART 6: Funding and Fees

Introduction to Part 6

50 Performance Funding as Neoliberal Policy
 Rebecca S. Natow and Kevin J. Dougherty
51 Does Performance-Based Funding Work? A European Perspective
 Ben Jongbloed and Ariane de Gayardon
52 Free Higher Education—On and Off the Agenda with the Political Tide
 Ariane de Gayardon
53 The Allure of Free Tuition
 John Aubrey Douglass
54 Rethinking International Fees and Global Partnerships
 Adam Habib
55 Needed—Financing Policies That Are Both Affordable and Sustainable
 Arthur M. Hauptman

PART 7: Other Trends in International Higher Education

Introduction to Part 7

56 The Widening Space of Postsecondary Education
 Dirk Van Damme
57 Is Employability Displacing Higher Education?
 Simon Marginson
58 North–South Cooperation in Higher Education—Revisiting International Aid Flows
 Francesc Pedró
59 Can Academic Corruption Be Eradicated?
 Liz Reisberg
60 Global Liberal Education: Contradictory Trends and Heightened Controversy
 Mary-Ellen Boyle
61 Where Is Value in Digital Higher Education—From Commodities to Assets
 Janja Komljenovic
62 Too Many People Left Behind—The Crucial Importance of TVET
 Ellen Hazelkorn
63 STEERing into the Swerve—Adjusting to the Challenges and Opportunities Forced by COVID-19
 Roberta Malee Bassett
64 Impact of COVID-19 on Higher Education from an Equity Perspective
 Jamil Salmi
65 “Futurology” and Higher Education in the Post-COVID-19 Environment
 William Locke
66 Rankings and the Public Good Role of Higher Education
 Ellen Hazelkorn
67 Measuring Education Quality in Global Rankings—What’s the Likelihood?
 Philip G. Altbach and Ellen Hazelkorn
68 Tertiary Education Is Indispensable to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals
 Jamil Salmi
69 Can We Measure Universities’ Impact on Climate Change?
 Tristan McCowan
70 Higher Education and the SDG s in Africa—More of the Same?
 Damtew Teferra

PART 8: Regional Developments and Trends

Introduction to Part 8

71 Differentiation and Diversification in Emerging African Higher Education
 Patrício V. Langa
72 Why Latin America Needs World-Class Universities
 Philip G. Altbach and Jamil Salmi
73 Realism about Indian Higher Education
 Philip G. Altbach
74 European Higher Education—Looking Back, Looking Forward
 Andrée Sursock
75 The European Universities Initiative: Championing Excellence and Inclusion?
 Lee Rensimer and Rachel Brooks
76 The Transformation of Post-Soviet Higher Education Systems
 Dana Abdrasheva and Emma Sabzalieva
77 Many Arab Professors Lose Interest in Academia
 Rasha Faek

PART 9: Mobility Trends in Transnational Education

Introduction to Part 9

78 Metatrends in Mobility—Education Hubs and the New Multipolar Structure of International Student Mobility
 Chris R. Glass and Natalie I. Cruz
79 International Students in Non-Anglophone Countries: Challenges and Opportunities
 Hans de Wit and Lizhou Wang
80 Education Agents and Their Work with Universities
 Vincenzo Raimo, Iona Yuelu Huang and Eddie West
81 The Challenges of Attracting and Retaining International Faculty
 Wondwosen Tamrat
82 Broadening Our Understanding of “International Academic Staff”—Nationality as a New Marker of Diversity
 Giulio Marini
83 Definitions of Transnational Higher Education
 Stephen Wilkins
84 Rethinking the Relevance of International Branch Campuses
 Philip G. Altbach and Hans de Wit
85 International Branch Campuses—Success Factors
 Richard Garrett
86 International Branch Campuses—Current Trends and Future Possibilities
 Stephen Wilkins
87 The Future of UK Universities’ Transnational Education Engagement
 Janet Ilieva and Vangelis Tsiligiris

PART 10: Trends in Internationalization of Higher Education

Introduction to Part 10

88 Internationalization in Higher Education—Critical Reflections on Its Conceptual Evolution
 Hans de Wit
89 Not Your Parents’ Internationalization—Next Generation Perspectives
 Laura E. Rumbley and Douglas Proctor
90 Globally Engaged and Locally Relevant—Revisiting Higher Education
 Janet Ilieva and Vangelis Tsiligiris
91 China’s Internationalization of Higher Education—The Barrier Within
 Rui Yang
92 Internationalization in Isolation: COVID-19 Implications
 Daniela Crăciun and Ariane de Gayardon
93 Internationalization of Higher Education and the Future of the Planet
 Laura E. Rumbley
94 Forced Internationalization of Higher Education—An Emerging Phenomenon
 Hakan Ergin, Hans de Wit and Betty Leask
95 How Can We Extend the Boundaries of Our Own Knowing?
 Betty Leask
96 COIL as a Way to Enhance Internationalization—Balancing Evidence and Proliferation
 Maia Gelashvili and Gerardo Blanco
97 Internationalization of Medical Education—Concepts and Approaches for Action
 Anette Wu
98 The Unstoppable Spread of English in the Global University
 Rosemary Salomone
99 National Policies and the Role of English in Higher Education
 Xinyan Liu
100 Globalization of English Language and Culture—Let’s Change English Language Instruction
 Gareth Humphreys

Researchers, teachers, policymakers, and practitioners worldwide will find this book helpful when seeking a comprehensive and approachable guide to navigating the complexities of international dimensions and trends in higher education.