This work tells the story of a community of fourth-century monks living in Egypt. The letters they wrote and received were found within the covers of works that changed our understanding of early religious thought - the Nag Hammadi Codices. This book seeks to contextualise the letters and answer questions about monastic life. Significantly, new evidence is presented that links the letters directly to the authors and creators of the codices in which they were discovered.
Paula Tutty, Ph.D. (2019), University of Oslo, is a freelance researcher and a former Visiting Research Fellow in the UiO Department of Theology. Her publications include several articles on early Christianity and Nag Hammadi.
Preface Figures Abbreviations
Prologue: Searching for the Footprints
â1âFocus and Structure
â2âTurning to the Source Material
â3âSocial Theories and Monks
1 Background to the Letters
â1âTurning to the Letters
â2âReviewing the Evidence
â3âIdentifying Monastic MaterialâProblems and Solutions
2 Fourth-century monasticism
â1âThe Development of Monastic Terminology
â2âChristians as Individuals
â3âTypes of Monastic Living
â4âMonastic Norms
â5âMonks and Deviancy
â6âLooking the part
â7âThe Monks of the Letters
â8âIndividual Lives
3 The Monastic Landscape
â1âLate Antique EgyptâGeography
â2âPopulation Size
â3âThe Location of the Monastic Community
â4âEvidence from the Find Site
â5âInternal Clues in the Letters
â6âMonasteries and their Material Remains
â7âThe Local Pachomian Monasteries
â8âThe Monasteries of the Western Desert
â9âMonastic Dwelling Places
â10âPachomian Domestic Arrangements
â11âEvidence for Monastic Foodstuffs
â12âJars and Storage
â13âMonasteries, Monastics and Books
4 The Early Monastic Economy
â1âMonks and their Labours
â2âWeaving
â3âProperty Ownership
â4âGifts from Patrons
â5âMedicine and Ritual Texts
â6âCreating an Income
â7âAgricultural Work
â8âMonks as Scribes
â9âMonastic Trade and Travel
â10âTravels for the Sake of the Monastic Economy
â11âEconomic Dealings in the Nag Hammadi Letters
5 Egyptian Monasticism and its Social Context
â1âPower and Identity in Late Antique Egypt
â2âSocial Networking in Egypt
â3âThe World of the Fourth-Century Alopex Family
â4âEvidence from Chenoboskia
â5âEvidence in the NHC Letters
â6âInterconnections and Social Ties
6 Monastic Travels
â1âMoving About in the Late Roman Empire
â2âTravel to and from the Monastery
â3âMonastic Tourism
â4âMonks on the move
â5âAuthorised Travel
â6âMoving AwayâTravel to the Edges of Egypt and Beyond
â7âMovement and Monastic Literature
7 A Monastic Manuscript Culture
â1âLiteracy in Early Monasteries
â2âMaterial Evidence for Monastic Literacy and Education
â3âClassical Education
â4âLanguage Choice in the Letters
â5âCodices as Material Artefacts
â6âThe Books of Fourth- and Fifth-Century Monks
â7âMonastic Codicesâthe Archaeological Evidence
â8âDating Codices
â9âCoptic Codices and their Owners
â10âEvidence for Book Ownership in the Cartonnage
â11âMonastic Book Production
âScriptoria
â12âBookbinding
â13âPapyrus as a Commodity
â14âScribes of the Nag Hammadi Codices
Epilogue: Footprints Uncovered
Appendix1: Translations of Monastic and Christian letters from the Cartonnage Material Bibliography Index
This book is relevant to both specialists and a wider audience wishing to study early monasticism. It covers a large range of topics important for social contextualisation.