The descent of working class movements that began with neoliberal globalization is nearing completion. However, the ascent is yet to begin. This period is witnessing novel forms of organization and resistance. For students, activists and academics, it is imperative to understand changes in the modus operandi of capital since the 1970s to explain the crisis of conventional trade unionism, as well as the spontaneous outbursts of creativity in movements of informal workers in recent times. Delhi has been a centre of such innovative experiments. In the Valley of Historical Time attempts to understand these new forms and strategies and possibilities of resurgence of working class movements.
Abhinav Sinha is a Marxist theorist, historian and political activist based in New Delhi. He has written on problems of political economy, caste, fascism and working class movement. His recent books include Subversive Interventions (Rahul Foundation: 2019) and On the Caste Question: Towards a Marxist Understanding (Rahul Foundation: 2019).
Acknowledgments
List of Tables
Abbreviations
Glossary of Indian Terms
Introduction
1 On the Question of Methodology
â1.1 The Question of Class and Identities
â1.2 The Category of âLabouring Poorâ: Some Preliminary Reflections
â1.3 âEveryday Forms of Resistanceâ and âLivelihood Strategiesâ: The Ticklish Question of Agency
â1.4 The Question of the State
â1.5 Plan of the Book
â1.6 The Problem of Sources
2 The Trajectory of Indian Capitalist Development since Independence
â2.1 Indian Capitalist Class: A short Comment on the Character
â2.2 The Prehistory of Planning: Early Visions of Capitalist Development and the Bombay Plan
â2.3 Post-Independence Economic Development â I: The Brief Transition (1947â1951)
â2.4 Post-Independence Economic Development â II
ââ 2.4.1 Nehruvian âSocialismâ (1951â1980): A Promise That Never Was
ââ 2.4.2 The Interregnum of the 1980s: Liberalization without Liberalization
ââ 2.4.3 New Economic Policy of 1991: The Opening of the Floodgates
â2.5 Rise of Informal Economy and the Informal Working Class in India
3 Evolution of Delhi as an Industrial City
â3.1 A Brief Note on the âPre-historyâ of Delhi as a Governmental, Economic and Commercial Centre
â3.2 Emergence of Delhi as an Industrial and Urban Centre
â3.3 Master Plans for Delhi: Exercises in the âSelf-Disciplineâ of Capital by the Capitalist State
ââ 3.3.1 The Master Plan of 1962
ââ 3.3.2 Second Master Plan 1990
â3.4 Delhi as an Industrial and Commercial City through the Eyes of the Ethnographic State
4 Capital, Labour and the Evolution of Industrial Relations
â4.1 Phases of Indian Capitalist Development and the Corresponding Shifts in Industrial Relations
ââ 4.1.1 Prehistory of the Development of Industrial Relations System in India: 1880s to 1946
ââ 4.1.2 First Phase: 1947 to the Mid-1960s
ââ 4.1.3 The Second Phase: 1965â1974
ââ 4.1.4 The Third Phase: 1975 to 1990
ââ 4.1.5 Fourth Phase: 1991 to 2014
â4.2 The Changes in Industrial Relations as Reflected in Strikes, Lockouts and Mandays Lost
â4.3 Indiaâs Informal Sector and the Question of Industrial Relations
5 Delhi Textile Workersâ Movement: Origin, Rise and Decline, 1950sâ1990s
â5.1 The Origin of Delhi Textile Mills: A Brief Historical Note
â5.2 Delhi Textile Workersâ Struggle: The Beginning
ââ 5.2.1 The Textile Workersâ Strike of 1955
ââ 5.2.2 The Case of Pehelwan Workers
ââ 5.2.3 The 1966 Strike of Delhi Textile Workers
â5.3 Delhi Textile Workersâ Struggle: The Peak
ââ 5.3.1 Delhi Textile Workersâ Struggle: 1972 to 1979
ââ 5.3.2 Delhi Textile Workersâ Strike of 1979
â5.4 Delhi Textile Workersâ Struggle: The Decline
ââ 5.4.1 Delhi Textile Workersâ Strike 1986 and the Process of Closure since the Mid-1980s
ââ 5.4.2 The Case of DCM Textile Mill Closure, 1985â1989
â5.5 Social Power of Workers in the City
â5.6 The Question of Political Education of the Workers
â5.7 Concluding Remarks
6 Organizing the Unorganized â I: Almond Workersâ Struggle (2008â2013) and DMRC Contract Workersâ Struggle (2008â2016)
â6.1 The Almond Workersâ Struggle of Delhi: 2008â2013
ââ 6.1.1 The Political Economy of the Almond Processing Industry of Delhi
ââ 6.1.2 Beginning of the Almond Workersâ Struggle: Formation of the Badaam Mazdoor Union (BMU) and the First Unsuccessful Strike of August 2008
ââ 6.1.3 The Second Ascent: 15-Days Almond Workersâ Strike of 2009
ââ 6.1.4 Mechanisation of the Almond Processing Industry and the Transformation of Badaam Mazdoor Union (BMU) into Karawal Nagar Mazdoor Union (KMU)
ââ 6.1.5 KMU-led Third Strike of the Almond Workers in 2013
â6.2 Delhi Metro Rail Contract Workersâ Struggle (2009â2014)
ââ 6.2.1 Beginning of the Struggle: The Phase of Metro Kamgar Sangharsh Samiti (MKSS)
ââ 6.2.2 First Successful Strike by the MKSS: Feeder Bus Driversâ and Conductorsâ Strike of 2009
ââ 6.2.3 Formation of Delhi Metro Kamgar Union (DMKU) and Beginning of a New Round of Struggle
ââ 6.2.4 First Strike of Housekeeping Workers in Three Stations of DMRC
ââ 6.2.5 Delhi Metro Kamgar Union to Delhi Metro Contract Workersâ Union (DMRCWU)
ââ 6.2.6 Another One-Day Strike by DMRCWU and Subsequent Implementation of Minimum Wages for TOM Operators
ââ 6.2.7 The Ways and Methods of Contract Workersâ Struggle in the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
7 Organizing the Unorganized â II: Wazirpur Steels Workersâ Struggle (2012â2015)
â7.1 Introduction
â7.2 Beginning of the Struggle
â7.3 The 32-Day Strike of Steel Workers of Wazirpur in 2014
â7.4 The Factory-Occupation Movement Following the Strike
â7.5 Formation of Delhi Ispat Udyod Mazdoor Union (DIUMU) and Struggle for Its Registration
â7.6 Going Beyond bhatta to Raise the Question of satta
8 In Lieu of a Conclusion
Annex 1
âVisuals, News Items of Reports and Documentary Evidence Related to the Almond Workers Struggle of Delhi (2008â2013) and DMRC Contract Workersâ Struggle (2008â2016)
Annex 2
âVisual and Documentary Evidence Related to the Wazirpur Steels Workersâ Struggle (2012â2016)
Index
Students, researchers and activists interested in the political economy of neoliberal globalization, post-Fordism, capitalist development in India, and new forms and strategies of working class movements in the age of globalization.