This book explores the normative dimensions of the acts that constitute international crimes. The book conceptualises the normative dimensions of these acts as processes of construction and meaning making. Developing a novel methodological approach, it identifies the narratives and discourses that emerge in practice as central for understanding the normative meanings of these acts. Using the crimes of attacks on cultural property, pillage, sexual violence and reproductive violence as case studies, the book offers a historical, conceptual, and discursive analysis of these crimes to develop a dynamic, pluralist and socially constructed account of wrong in international criminal law.
Ciara Laverty, PhD (2022) Leiden University, is a legal and policy consultant in the fields of international criminal law, human rights and transitional justice. She has published research in these fields, in particular on the topics of sexual and reproductive rights and sexual and gender-based violence.
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1âTheoretical Framework
â1âInternational Criminalisation as Constitutive Process
â1.1âDurkheim and the Productive Politics of Criminal Law
â1.2âCrimes as Public Wrongs: Thinking Backwards
â1.3âDomestic Theories of Criminalisation: Form without International Content
â2âInternational Criminal Law as Discursive Project
â2.1âExpressive Theories of International Criminal Law
â2.2âLaw as Discourse and Narrative
â3âMethodological Approach
â3.1âSelection of Crimes
2âAttacks on Cultural Property
â1âHistorical-Normative Roots in International Law
â2âDefinitions of Attacks on Cultural Property in International Criminal Law
â2.1âicty Statute
â2.2âRome Statute
â2.3âeccc
â3âNormative Themes in the Case Law
â3.1âCultural Property as a Normatively Distinct Category
â3.2âCultural Internationalism
â3.3âObject-Centrism
â3.4âFunctionalism
â3.4.1âFunctions
â3.4.2âSocial Meaning
â3.4.3âEmotions
â4âNarratives of Cultural Value During Trial Proceedings
â4.1âInternational Public Opinion
â4.2âRemodelling the Landscape
â4.3âIndividuals and Cultural Property
â4.4âSocial and Religious Practices
â4.5ââLike Beings without Soul, History or Memoryâ
â4.6âLiving Buildings
â5âConclusion
3âPillage
â1âHistorical-Normative Roots in International Law
â2âDefinitions of Pillage in International Criminal Law
â2.1âLegal Elements
â2.2âGravity
â2.3âPillage as Persecution
â3âNormative Themes in the Case Law
â3.1âScale
â3.2âUse Value
â3.3âOwnership
â4âNarratives During Proceedings
â4.1âSubsistence and Survival
â4.2âCulture and Emotion
â5âConclusion
4âSexual Violence
â1âHistorical-Normative Roots in International Law
â2âDefinitions of Rape and Sexual Violence in International Criminal Law
â2.1âConsent vs. Coercive Circumstances
â2.2âViolence and Aggression
â2.3âHuman Dignity
â2.4âSexual Autonomy
â3âNormative Themes in the Case Law
â3.1âNormative Statements
â3.1.1âPhysical and Moral Integrity
â3.1.2âSexual Autonomy and Integrity
â3.2âNormative Themes
â3.2.1âRape as a Weapon of War
â3.2.2âHarm to the Conjugal Order
â3.2.3âShame and Stigma
â3.2.4âVirginity
â3.2.5ââThe Sexualâ is Private
â4âNarratives During Roceedings
â4.1âThe Suffering Body
â4.2ââI Felt Dignified and Proudâ
â4.3âSexual Subjectivity
â5âConclusion
5âReproductive Violence
â1âHistorical-Normative Roots in International Law
â2âDefinitions of Reproductive Violence in the Rome Statute
â2.1âForced Pregnancy
â2.2âEnforced Sterilization
â3âNormative Themes in the Case Law
â3.1âNo Rights, No Crime
â3.2âIntent: Beyond Ethnic Groups
â3.3âReproductive Autonomy and Rights
â4âNarratives During Proceedings
â4.1âDid you have a Choice?
â4.2âHarms
â5âConclusion
6âConclusion
â1âMaking Crimes Mean
â1.1âMeaning Making as Continuum
â1.2âDiversity of Interests
â1.3âFoundation Building
â2âInternational Criminal Wrong as Flexible and Dynamic
â2.1âLegal and Normative Pluralism
â2.2âCriminal Wrong as Socially and Politically Situated
â2.3âLegitimation
âAppendix 1 Decisions
âAppendix 2 Key Words
âAppendix 3 Transcripts
Bibliography
Index
Scholars and practitioners of international criminal law, students in the field of international criminal law and public international law more generally.