Undesired Revolution

The Arab Uprising in Egypt: A Three Level Analysis

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This book introduces new non-Western perspectives on the Arab Uprisings, decentering and decolonizing International Relations and Middle Eastern Studies. Drawing on over 10 years of fieldwork, ethnography, over 250 interviews, and empirical research, it is one of the first books to evaluate the position of International Relations theorists towards the study of the Arab Uprisings. It relies on local IR scholarship from the region, which is rarely considered. It provides a critical account of why democratic revolutions have failed, how counterrevolutions and authoritarianism have fortified, and why revolutions will once again experience a resurgence in this part of the world.

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Ahmed M. Abozaid, Ph.D. (2022), University of St Andrews, is Lecturer of International Security at the University of Southampton and has published many books in Arabic and English, including Counterterrorism Strategies in Egypt (Routledge, 2022).
List of Illustrations

Introduction Arab Uprising in Ten: Studying Change from Inside/Outside
 1 The Post Arab Uprising(s) Chaos: What Went Wrong?

 2 The Arab Uprising and the Prolonged Crisis of the Arab States

 3 Book Structure


1 Theories of International Relations and Change in the Arab World Nine Fallacies
 1 Structural Change in International Politics since the End of the Cold War

 2 Critical School and Change

 3 Critical International Relations Theories and the Arab Uprising(s)

 4 Political Identity

 5 The Failure of Neoliberal Policies

 6 Political Will

 7 Arab Uprising and ir Theories: an Encounter
 7.1 Cognitive Fallacy

 7.2 Eurocentric Fallacy

 7.3 Modernity/Enlightenment Fallacy

 7.4 Monologic Fallacy

 7.5 Pedagogical Fallacy


 8 The [Mis]representation and [Mis]location of the Arab World in the Field of ir

 9 Knowledge Production of ir in the Arabic Speaking World

 10 The Ahistorical Perspective of ir in the Arab World

 11 The Fallacies of Applying ir Theories to the Study of the Arab World


2 No Revolution Why as-Ṣa’īdiyya Did Not Really Revolt?
 1 Saʿid: Identity and Politics

 2 Doing Ethnography in Upper Egypt

 3 Reflexivity/Limitations

 4 Peasants and Rural Societies: an Overview

 5 al-Saʿidiyya, al-fellaheen, and the 2011 Uprising

 6 Findings

 7 Abu-Qurqas Case Study

 8 Conclusion


3 Incomplete Revolution The Determinations of Post-revolution Egyptian Foreign Policy
 1 Introduction

 2 Theories of International Relations and Revolution

 3 Revolution and Foreign Policy

 4 The Determinations of Egyptian Foreign Policy after the Arab Spring
 4.1 The Nature of the Revolution

 4.2 Regional and International Changes

 4.3 Global Public Opinion Orientations


 5 Domestic Policy and Post-revolution Foreign Policy
 5.1 National Choices

 5.2 National Performance

 5.3 Domestic Policy

 5.4 Regime Type

 5.5 Civil-Military Relations

 5.6 Public Participation

 5.7 National Strategy


4 Counter-Revolution: Egypt–Gulf Relations after the Arab Uprising From Predominance to Bandwagon
 1 Introduction

 2 Revolution and War and Peace
 2.1 The Nature of Revolutionary Organizations and Ideologies

 2.2 Domestic Repercussions of Internal Changes

 2.3 The Type of Revolutionary Regimes and Leadership


 3 Revolution from the Perspective of ‘Balance of Values’ Theory
 3.1 Security Concerns

 3.2 Threat Perception

 3.3 Misperception and Miscalculations

 3.4 Foreign Aid

 3.5 Stability Concerns


 4 Regional Balance of Power in the Middle East after the Arab Uprisings

 5 Between Morsi and Sisi: Regime Change and Egypt-gcc Relations
 5.1 Locally

 5.2 Regionally


 6 Egypt–gcc Relations Issues

 7 Bilateral Relations

 8 The gcc and the Arab Uprising in Egypt

 9 Egypt and Saudi Arabia

 10 Economic Aid

 11 Political Support

 12 Regional Stability

 13 Conclusion


5 Undesired Revolution: Power Transition in the Arab World The Fall of Egypt, and the Rise of Gulf States
 1 Structural Realism and International Relations of the gcc Countries

 2 The Characteristics of the Arabian Gulf Regional System

 3 The Small States in the Arabian Gulf: an Outline

 4 How to Study Small States: a Historical Sociology Perspective

 5 Historical Sociology and the Rise of Small Arab Gulf States

 6 A Three-Level Model

 7 Welcome to “The Khaleeji Age”

 8 The Pillars of the gcc Rise

 9 The Aspects of the gcc Rise

 10 The Objectives of the gcc Rise

 11 Challenges and Obstacles to the gcc Rise

 12 Great Expectations?


Conclusion Much Ado about Nothing: [Eurocentric] Theories of International Relations and the Study of Arab Uprisings
 1 Towards New Imagination: On Decolonising the Study of the Arab World


Bibliography

Index

The main audiences, readerships, courses, and any relevant organisations, associations and networks for this book are academics and university students (i.e., International Relations, Middle Eastern Studies, Media Studies, and Political Science in general).
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