What difference did the Roman expansion make in the transformation of ancient Italy? With its conservative nature and abundance of material evidence, the religious sphere represents a unique lens through which we can study this process over time and across different sites. Tapping into the transformation of Italy as a result of Rome’s expansion, this book problematizes the issue of Romanization and sheds light on the different processes of adaptation that occurred during the Roman conquest.
Arianna Zapelloni Pavia, Ph.D. (2020), University of Michigan. With a post-Doc from the University of Prague and a vibrant teaching role at the European School in Frankfurt, the author brings her expertise in Latin and History to life. She has authored numerous articles exploring votive offerings and ancient sanctuaries, shedding new light on the Roman Republican period.
"In conclusion, Zapelloni Pavia’s work represents an invaluable synthesis for the study of inland central Italy’s religious landscape, a context where archaeological knowledge remains limited, and the scholarly literature is both sparse and highly fragmented. [...] The analysis, firmly grounded in the most sophisticated and up-to-date approaches to these topics, successfully overcomes the shortcomings of a now outdated traditional framework."
Dario Monti in Bryn Mawr Classical Reviews 2025.06.13
Acknowledgments List of Figures and Tables
1 Introduction
1 Chronology and Geographic Scope
2 Outline of the Study
2 Cultural Change in the Sanctuaries of Central Italy
1 Cultural Change and the Roman Conquest
2 Cultural Change in the Religious Sphere of Central Italy
3 Cultural Change in the Religious Sphere of Ancient Umbria
4 Conclusions
3 For an Archaeology of Religion and Ritual
1 Introduction
2 Archaeology of Religion
3 Archaeology of Ritual
4 Votive Religion
5 Conclusions
4 History of the Umbrian Territory
1 Introduction
2 The Boundaries of Ancient Umbria
3 The History of Pre-Roman Umbria
4 Late Fourth–Early First CenturyBCE: The Roman Conquest of Umbria
5 Conclusions
5 A Micro-Scale Approach to the Archaeology of Umbrian Cult Places
1 Introduction
2 Southern Umbria
3 Umbrian Valley
4 Northern Umbria
5 Apennine Umbria
6 Conclusions
6 Conclusions: A Macro-Scale Approach to the Archaeology of Umbrian Cult Places
1 Introduction
2 Umbrian Pre-Roman Sanctuaries in Context
3 Umbrian Sanctuaries between the Late Fourth and the Early First CenturyBCE
4 Conclusion and Looking Forward
Appendix1: Types of Umbrian Figurative Votive Offerings Appendix2: Tabulated Catalog of Umbrian Figurative Votive Offerings Appendix3: Catalog of Umbrian Figurative Votive Offerings Bibliography Index
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