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Intelligent Medicine
Artificial Intelligence, Patient Safety, and Liability under an EU-Based Perspective
Author:
How safe is medicine when decisions are made by artificial intelligence? What happens when a misdiagnosis comes from an algorithm rather than a doctor? Intelligent Medicine explores these urgent questions. The book shows how AI transforms patient safety, redefines the medical standard of care and shifts legal responsibility when things go wrong. It provides a clear EU-based perspective while drawing on law, ethics, medicine, and technology. Taking a practical approach, theory meets real-life dilemmas, and the combination offers concrete guidance for professionals, policymakers, and scholars facing the challenges of AI in healthcare.
Vera Lúcia Raposo is a legal scholar in law and technology, specialising in AI, health law, and digital regulation, with global teaching experience and extensive research on biomedical law and emerging digital challenges.
Preface
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
Introduction
1 What Is AI
â1âUnderstand AI
2 Uses of AI in Healthcare Delivery
â1âPossible Uses of AI in Healthcare Provision
â2âDoes AI Surpass Humans in Healthcare Delivery?
3 Medical AI and Patientâs Safety
â1âAI and Patient Safety
â2âLegal Regulations Aimed to Improve AIâs Safety
â3âReduction of the Quality of Healthcare Delivery and Threats to Patient Safety
4 Medical AI and Standard of Care
â1âThe Standard of Care in Medical Practice
â2âThe Standard of Care within AI Medicine
5 Allocation of Liability for Damages Caused to Patients
â1âProfessional Liability versus Product Liability
â2âMedical Liability within AI Medicine
â3âProduct Liability
â4âLiability of the Authority That Approved the AI System
â5âOverview of Possible Scenarios of Medical Liability When Using AI
â6âThe Liability of AI
â7âA Possible Way Ahead: the No-Fault Mechanism
â8âInsurance
6 Standard of Care for AI Medicine
â1âMedical Standard of Care and Technological Innovation
â2âAI-Medicine Specific Patientâs Rights
â3âA Standard of Care for AI Systems Used in Healthcare Delivery
â4âAI Standard of Care: When to Use AI / When to Rely on AI
â5âAI Standard of Care: Informed Consent in AI Medicine
â6âEmpathy in AI-Based Medicine
â7âWill AI Replace Human Doctors?
â8âConclusion
References
Index
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
Introduction
1 What Is AI
â1âUnderstand AI
2 Uses of AI in Healthcare Delivery
â1âPossible Uses of AI in Healthcare Provision
â2âDoes AI Surpass Humans in Healthcare Delivery?
3 Medical AI and Patientâs Safety
â1âAI and Patient Safety
â2âLegal Regulations Aimed to Improve AIâs Safety
â3âReduction of the Quality of Healthcare Delivery and Threats to Patient Safety
4 Medical AI and Standard of Care
â1âThe Standard of Care in Medical Practice
â2âThe Standard of Care within AI Medicine
5 Allocation of Liability for Damages Caused to Patients
â1âProfessional Liability versus Product Liability
â2âMedical Liability within AI Medicine
â3âProduct Liability
â4âLiability of the Authority That Approved the AI System
â5âOverview of Possible Scenarios of Medical Liability When Using AI
â6âThe Liability of AI
â7âA Possible Way Ahead: the No-Fault Mechanism
â8âInsurance
6 Standard of Care for AI Medicine
â1âMedical Standard of Care and Technological Innovation
â2âAI-Medicine Specific Patientâs Rights
â3âA Standard of Care for AI Systems Used in Healthcare Delivery
â4âAI Standard of Care: When to Use AI / When to Rely on AI
â5âAI Standard of Care: Informed Consent in AI Medicine
â6âEmpathy in AI-Based Medicine
â7âWill AI Replace Human Doctors?
â8âConclusion
References
Index
Practitioners and scholars of medicine and law; professionals in practice, researchers, and postgraduate students studying Artificial Intelligence.