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Juan de Torquemada
Tractate against the Midianites and Ishmaelites
Series: - Heterodoxia Iberica, Volume: 7
This is the first English translation of one of the most important treatises written during the late-Middle Ages in defense of converts from Judaism, favoring religious tolerance in the face of religious and racially motivated prejudice and violence. The book also includes a fresh Latin edition, drawing on all known manuscripts. The text was written in response to the actions of the "Old Christians" of Toledo against the "New Christians," also called conversos, in 1449. A letter of Pope Nicholas V favouring the converts is included.
Thomas M. Izbicki, Ph.D. (Cornell University, 1973), is a humanities librarian emeritus at Rutgers University. He is a researcher in the fields of medieval canon law, the history of the papacy, and the history of the Order of Preachers. He has published Protector of the Faith: Cardinal Johannes de Turrecremata and the Defense of the Institutional Church (1981) and The Eucharist in Medieval Canon Law (2015).
Jorge Ledo, Ph.D. (University of Aberdeen, 2009), is a âRamón y Cajalâ Researcher at the Universidade da Coruña (Spain). He is an intellectual historian specialized in Renaissance Humanism and in the history of religious minorities and religious dissidence in early-modern Spain. He has published Moria de Erasmo Roterodamo. A Critical Edition of the Early Modern Spanish Translation of Erasmus's Encomium Moriae (2014).
Jorge Ledo, Ph.D. (University of Aberdeen, 2009), is a âRamón y Cajalâ Researcher at the Universidade da Coruña (Spain). He is an intellectual historian specialized in Renaissance Humanism and in the history of religious minorities and religious dissidence in early-modern Spain. He has published Moria de Erasmo Roterodamo. A Critical Edition of the Early Modern Spanish Translation of Erasmus's Encomium Moriae (2014).
"This edition of the Tractate against the Midianites and Ishmaelites will be immensely useful to scholars of fifteenth-century Iberia, intellectual and religious history, as well as those exploring questions of premodern race and racialization. The format and critical apparatus mean that the textâwritten by one of the most important Curia theologians of the mid-fifteenth centuryâcould also serve as a good introduction to late medieval Latin and theology for advanced students. Overall, it is a welcome addition to Brillâs Heterodoxia Iberica series." - Bert Carlstrom, Queen Mary University of London
Acknowledgments
Introduction: Juan de Torquemadaâs Defense of the Conversos
â1âThe Revolt in Toledo, 1449
â2âThe Manuscripts, Editions and Translation
â3âConspectus siglorum
Tract against the Midianites and Ishmaelites, Foes and Detractors of the Faithful Who Originated from the Israelite People
â[Prologue]
â1âIn Which It Is Shown from a Description of the Quality of the Aforesaid Trial That It Is of No Force or Moment
â2âIn Which the Things Cited against Christâs Faithful Descended from the Israelite People Are Proved to Be Erroneous
â3âIn Which It Is Shown That the Second Foundation Cited by the Foe in Favor of Their Impiety against Those Newly Converted to Christâs Faith Descended from the Israelite Nation Is Erroneous and Blasphemous
â4âIn Which the Aforesaid Error Is Refuted in a Second Way, with Reasons
â5âIn Which the Aforesaid Error Is Reproved from the Divine Promises Made to the Israelite People
â6âIn Which the Aforesaid Error Is Reproved from the Deeds Done by Christ among the Jewish People
â7âIn Which One Authority Cited in Favor and Proof of Their Aforesaid Errors Is Answered
â8âIn Which the Second Authority Cited on the Part of the Foe Is Answered
â9âIn Which the Third Authority Cited for the Adverse Part Is Answered
â10âIn Which the Fourth Authority Cited for the Adverse Part Is Answered
â11âIn Which the Fifth Passage Cited by the Often-Mentioned Midianites and Ishmaelites in Favor and Support of Their Sacrilegious Presumption Is Answered
â12âIn Which the Principal Conclusion of the Foe Is Shown from the above to Be False and Erroneous
â13âThat the Unbelief of Those from Whom They Descend Must Not Be Imputed to Those Converted to Christâs Faith from the People of the Jews
â14âIn Which Reasons Are Assigned Why Converts to Christâs Faith, and Especially Those from the Israelite People, Are Not to Be Despised by the Other Faithful, but Rather Loved and Honored
â15âIn Which the Error and Malice of Those Who Presume to Posit a Difference between Those Converted from the Israelite People and Other Christians Is Confuted
â16âIn Which Those Things Which the Aforesaid Adversaries Cite in Favor of Their Rashness Are Answered
Appendix: Pope Nicholas V: Humani generis inimicus (Fabriano, 24 September 1449)
Bibliography
Index of Scripture References
Index of Classical and Medieval Authors
Index of Scholars Cited
Introduction: Juan de Torquemadaâs Defense of the Conversos
â1âThe Revolt in Toledo, 1449
â2âThe Manuscripts, Editions and Translation
â3âConspectus siglorum
Tract against the Midianites and Ishmaelites, Foes and Detractors of the Faithful Who Originated from the Israelite People
â[Prologue]
â1âIn Which It Is Shown from a Description of the Quality of the Aforesaid Trial That It Is of No Force or Moment
â2âIn Which the Things Cited against Christâs Faithful Descended from the Israelite People Are Proved to Be Erroneous
â3âIn Which It Is Shown That the Second Foundation Cited by the Foe in Favor of Their Impiety against Those Newly Converted to Christâs Faith Descended from the Israelite Nation Is Erroneous and Blasphemous
â4âIn Which the Aforesaid Error Is Refuted in a Second Way, with Reasons
â5âIn Which the Aforesaid Error Is Reproved from the Divine Promises Made to the Israelite People
â6âIn Which the Aforesaid Error Is Reproved from the Deeds Done by Christ among the Jewish People
â7âIn Which One Authority Cited in Favor and Proof of Their Aforesaid Errors Is Answered
â8âIn Which the Second Authority Cited on the Part of the Foe Is Answered
â9âIn Which the Third Authority Cited for the Adverse Part Is Answered
â10âIn Which the Fourth Authority Cited for the Adverse Part Is Answered
â11âIn Which the Fifth Passage Cited by the Often-Mentioned Midianites and Ishmaelites in Favor and Support of Their Sacrilegious Presumption Is Answered
â12âIn Which the Principal Conclusion of the Foe Is Shown from the above to Be False and Erroneous
â13âThat the Unbelief of Those from Whom They Descend Must Not Be Imputed to Those Converted to Christâs Faith from the People of the Jews
â14âIn Which Reasons Are Assigned Why Converts to Christâs Faith, and Especially Those from the Israelite People, Are Not to Be Despised by the Other Faithful, but Rather Loved and Honored
â15âIn Which the Error and Malice of Those Who Presume to Posit a Difference between Those Converted from the Israelite People and Other Christians Is Confuted
â16âIn Which Those Things Which the Aforesaid Adversaries Cite in Favor of Their Rashness Are Answered
Appendix: Pope Nicholas V: Humani generis inimicus (Fabriano, 24 September 1449)
Bibliography
Index of Scripture References
Index of Classical and Medieval Authors
Index of Scholars Cited
Scholars, undergraduate and graduate students and any reader interested in the history of religious minorities (especially Judaism) and religious tolerance in the Iberian Peninsula and in Europe between 1400 and 1600.