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Syntax on the Edge
A Graph-Theoretic Analysis of Sentence Structure
Series: - Empirical Approaches to Linguistic Theory, Volume: 21
Author:
What is the most descriptively and explanatorily adequate format for syntactic structures and how are they constrained? Different theories of syntax have provided various answers: sets, feature structures, tree diagrams⦠Building on formal and empirical insights from a wide variety of approaches spanning more than 70 years (including Transformational Grammar, Relational Grammar, Lexical-Functional Grammar, and Tree Adjoining Grammar), this monograph develops a new, mathematically grounded, framework in which objects known as graphs, and the constraints that follow from them, are argued to provide the best characterisation of the system of expressions and relations that make up natural language grammars. This new approach is motivated and exemplified via detailed and formally explicit analyses of major syntactic phenomena in English and Spanish.
Diego Gabriel Krivochen, Ph.D. (2018), University of Reading, is currently a Lecturer in Syntax at the University of Oxford. He has published on theoretical syntax, English and Spanish grammar, and implicit learning of artificial grammars.
Preface
Acknowledgments
List of Figures
Abbreviations
1 Introduction: Setting the Scene
â1.1âMethodological and Historical Context
â1.2âTransformations and the Preservation of Relations
â1.3âDeclarative vs. Procedural Syntax
â1.4âOn Graphs and Phrase Markers: First- and Second-Order Conditions on Structural Representations
â1.5âStructural Uniformity (and Two Ways to Fix It)
â1.6âYou Only Have One Mother
2 Fundamentals of Graph-Theoretic Syntax
â2.1âDefining (L-)Graphs
â2.2âSyntactic Composition and Semantic Interpretation
â2.3âAdjacency Matrices and Arcs: More on Allowed Relations
3 A Proof of Concept: Discontinuous Constituents
4 Some Inter-Theoretical Comparisons
â4.1âMultiple-Gap Relative Constructions
â4.2âDependencies and Rootedness
â4.3âCrossing Dependencies
5 Ordered Relations and Grammatical Functions
â5.1âA Categorial Excursus on Unaccusatives and Expletives
6 Towards an Analysis of English Predicate Complement Constructions
â6.1âRaising to Subject
â6.2âRaising to Object
â6.3âObject-Controlled Equi
â6.4âSubject-Controlled Equi
â6.5âA Note on Raising and Polarity: âOpacityâ Revisited
7 More on Cross-Arboreal Relations: Parentheticals and Clitic Climbing in Spanish
â7.1âDiscontinuity and Clitic Climbing in Spanish Auxiliary Chains
8 On Unexpected Binding Effects: a Graph-Theoretic Approach to Binding Theory
â8.1âGrafts and Graphs
9 Complementation within the NP
10 Wh-Interrogatives: Aspects of Syntax and Semantics
â10.1âSimple Wh-Questions
11 MIG s and Prizes
12 The Structural Heterogeneity of Coordinations
13 A Small Collection of Transformations
â13.1âPassivisation
â13.2âDative Shift
â13.3âTransformations vs. Alternations
14 Some Open Problems and Questions
â14.1âA Note on Leftward and Rightward Extractions
â14.2âDeletion without Deletion
â14.3âLong Distance Dependencies and Resumptive Pronouns
â14.4âIdentity Issues in Local Reflexive Anaphora
â14.5âGhost in the Graph
â14.6âA Derivational Alternative?
â14.7âFuture Prospects
15 Concluding Remarks
Appendix: Some Notes on (Other) Graph-Based Approaches
References
Index
Acknowledgments
List of Figures
Abbreviations
1 Introduction: Setting the Scene
â1.1âMethodological and Historical Context
â1.2âTransformations and the Preservation of Relations
â1.3âDeclarative vs. Procedural Syntax
â1.4âOn Graphs and Phrase Markers: First- and Second-Order Conditions on Structural Representations
â1.5âStructural Uniformity (and Two Ways to Fix It)
â1.6âYou Only Have One Mother
2 Fundamentals of Graph-Theoretic Syntax
â2.1âDefining (L-)Graphs
â2.2âSyntactic Composition and Semantic Interpretation
â2.3âAdjacency Matrices and Arcs: More on Allowed Relations
3 A Proof of Concept: Discontinuous Constituents
4 Some Inter-Theoretical Comparisons
â4.1âMultiple-Gap Relative Constructions
â4.2âDependencies and Rootedness
â4.3âCrossing Dependencies
5 Ordered Relations and Grammatical Functions
â5.1âA Categorial Excursus on Unaccusatives and Expletives
6 Towards an Analysis of English Predicate Complement Constructions
â6.1âRaising to Subject
â6.2âRaising to Object
â6.3âObject-Controlled Equi
â6.4âSubject-Controlled Equi
â6.5âA Note on Raising and Polarity: âOpacityâ Revisited
7 More on Cross-Arboreal Relations: Parentheticals and Clitic Climbing in Spanish
â7.1âDiscontinuity and Clitic Climbing in Spanish Auxiliary Chains
8 On Unexpected Binding Effects: a Graph-Theoretic Approach to Binding Theory
â8.1âGrafts and Graphs
9 Complementation within the NP
10 Wh-Interrogatives: Aspects of Syntax and Semantics
â10.1âSimple Wh-Questions
11 MIG s and Prizes
12 The Structural Heterogeneity of Coordinations
13 A Small Collection of Transformations
â13.1âPassivisation
â13.2âDative Shift
â13.3âTransformations vs. Alternations
14 Some Open Problems and Questions
â14.1âA Note on Leftward and Rightward Extractions
â14.2âDeletion without Deletion
â14.3âLong Distance Dependencies and Resumptive Pronouns
â14.4âIdentity Issues in Local Reflexive Anaphora
â14.5âGhost in the Graph
â14.6âA Derivational Alternative?
â14.7âFuture Prospects
15 Concluding Remarks
Appendix: Some Notes on (Other) Graph-Based Approaches
References
Index
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