This is the first of a three-volume work dedicated to exploring the influence of G.W.F. Hegelâs philosophical thinking in Golden Age Denmark. The work demonstrates that the largely overlooked tradition of Danish Hegelianism played a profound and indeed constitutive role in many spheres of Golden Age culture.
This initial tome covers the period from the beginning of the Hegel reception in the Danish Kingdom in the 1820s until the end of 1836. The dominant figure from this period is the poet and critic Johan Ludvig Heiberg, who attended Hegelâs lectures in Berlin in 1824 and then launched a campaign to popularize Hegelâs philosophy among his fellow countrymen. Using his journal Kjøbenhavns flyvende Post as a platform, Heiberg published numerous articles containing ideas that he had borrowed from Hegel. Several readers felt provoked by Heibergâs Hegelianism and wrote critical responses to him, many of which appeared in Kjøbenhavnsposten, the rival of Heibergâs journal. Through these debates Hegelâs philosophy became an important part of Danish cultural life.
Jon Stewart is a Research Fellow at the Institute of Philosophy of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. He has worked for many years in the field of nineteenth-century Continental philosophy with a specialization in Hegel and Kierkegaard.
Preface to the First Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Acknowledgments
List of Illustrations
Abbreviations
Introduction: Hegel and Hegelianism
âI Hegelâs Berlin Period: 1818â1831
âII The Development of so-called Right and Left Hegelianism
âIII Danish Hegelianism
âIV Thesis and Methodology of the Present Study
1 The Earliest Danish Encounters with Hegelâs Philosophy : Before 1824
âI Baggesenâs Possible Encounter with Hegel in 1794
âII Johan Erik von Bergerâs Relation to Hegel from circa 1797
âIII Steffensâ Relation to Hegel from 1801
âIV Oehlenschlägerâs Encounter with Hegel in Jena in 1806
âV Sibbernâs Journey to Prussia and the German States from 1811â1813
âVI Hans Christian Ãrstedâs Encounter with Hegel in 1812
âVII Clausenâs Stay in Berlin: 1818â1819
âVIII Peder Hjortâs Visit to Berlin in 1821
âIX Krarupâs Visit to Berlin: 1821â1822
âX Sibbernâs On Knowledge and Enquiry
âXI Sibbernâs Elements of Logic
âXII The Announcement about Hegelâs Student, Franz Mavros
âXIII Rudelbachâs Visit to Berlin
2 Heiberg and the Howitz Controversy: 1824
âI Heibergâs Trip to Berlin and His Hegelian Conversion
âII Howitzâs Article âOn Madness and Ascribing Responsibilityâ
âIII Anders Sandøe Ãrstedâs Response to Howitz
âIV Mynsterâs Response to Howitz
âV Sibbernâs Response to Howitz
âVI Howitzâs Response to His Critics: Determinism, or Hume against Kant
âVII Heibergâs Hegelian Response: On Human Freedom
âVIII The Reception of Heibergâs On Human Freedom
âIX Heibergâs Outline of a System of Aesthetics as a Speculative Science
âX Heibergâs Flight from Kiel
3 Heibergâs Return to Copenhagen: 1825â1826
âI Heibergâs Contingency Regarded from the Point of View of Logic
âII Sibbernâs Review of Heibergâs Treatise on Contingency
âIII Poul Martin Møllerâs âOn the Development of Popular Ideasâ
âIV Mynsterâs Article on the Law of Identity
âV Heibergâs Poem âLife and Deathâ
5 Heibergâs Attempt to Develop a Hegelian System of Aesthetics in Kjøbenhavns flyvende Post: 1828
âI Heibergâs Taxonomy of Poetic Forms in His Polemic with Oehlenschläger
âII Peder Hjortâs Response to Heibergâs Criticism of Oehlenschläger
âIII Heibergâs Taxonomy of Natural Beauty in âOn Beauty in Natureâ
âIV Kjøbenhavnspostenâs Response to Heibergâs Criticism of Jacob Baden
âV Heibergâs Development of Dramatic Character
âVI Kjøbenhavnspostenâs âOn Occasion of Flyvende postâs No. 42â
âVII A Brief Article in Kjøbenhavnsposten, âHegelâs Philosophyâ
âVIII Heibergâs âCousinâs Visits at Goetheâsâ
âIX Heibergâs Account of the Bad Infinity in âA few Words about the Infiniteâ
6 Sibbernâs Philosophical Archive and Collection and the Resumption of the Flyvende Post: 1829â1830
âI Peter Christian Kierkegaardâs Stay in Berlin
âII Sibbernâs âOn Abstraction and Abstract Analysisâ
âIII Sibbernâs âOn Intellectual Intuitionâ
âIV Heibergâs Poetical âLetter to the Magic Lantern Double in Sorøâ
âV Heibergâs Review, âBretschneiderâs Defense of Rationalismâ
âVI Lorenzenâs Review of Heiseâs Plato Edition
âVII Heibergâs Discussion of the Correspondence between Goethe and Schiller
7 Heibergâs Promulgation of Hegelianism at the Royal Military College: 1831â1832
âI Heibergâs Overview of the Danish belles lettres
âII Zeuthenâs Something about Philosophy and its Cultivation
âIII Zeuthenâs for Aesthetics and Philosophy
âIV Hegelâs Death and the Speculation about His Successor
âV Zeuthenâs On the Moral Independence of Man
âVI Heibergâs Speculative Logic
âVII The Critical Reception of Heibergâs Speculative Logic
8 The Debate about Heibergâs On the Significance of Philosophy for the Present Age: 1833
âI Zeuthenâs On the Idea of Modesty
âII The Article âHegel and Steffensâ
âIII Heibergâs On the Significance of Philosophy for the Present Age
âIV Zeuthenâs Elucidations and Heibergâs Response
âV Mynsterâs âOn Religious Convictionâ
âVI The Review of On the Significance of Philosophy in Kjøbenhavnsposten
âVII Trydeâs Review of On the Significance of Philosophy
âVIII Heibergâs Response
âIX Trydeâs Rejoinder
âX Møllerâs Lectures on the History of Ancient Philosophy
âXI Zeuthenâs Second Journey
9 The Resumption of Heibergâs Flyvende Post: 1834â1835
âI Heibergâs âSymbolismâ
âII The Satirical Article, âExcerpts from Gumbaâs Posthumous Manuscriptsâ
âIII Heibergâs âLetters to a Village Pastorâ
âIV Heibergâs Introductory Lecture to the Logic Course
âV Møllerâs Review of Sibbernâs On Poetry and Art
10 The End of an Era: 1836
âI Møllerâs Review of The Extremes
âII Weisâ âSome Remarks on the Philosophy of Law and Positive Lawâ
âIII Peder Hjortâs âFrom a New Letter from the Provincesâ
âIV Kierkegaard and the Satirical Drama: âThe Collegium Politicum of the Flyvende Postâ
âV Martensenâs Journey Abroad
âVI Heiberg and Martensen in Paris
âVII Sibbernâs Criticism of Hegelâs Account of Socrates
âVIII A Response to Sibbernâs Criticism of Hegelâs Account of Socrates
âIX The Transition to the Next Period of the Hegel Reception in Denmark
Bibliography
âI Secondary Sources on the Danish Hegel Reception
âII Primary Texts and Sources Used
âIII Secondary Literature and Material Used
Index of Persons
Subject Index
This work will be relevant to students and scholars interested in Continental philosophy, Hegel Studies, Kierkegaard Studies, Scandinavian Studies, Danish history, and religion in the 19th century. It is suitable for classroom use in courses on philosophy in the nineteenth century.