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The Communist Womenâs Movement, 1920-1922
Proceedings, Resolutions, and Reports
Series: - Historical Materialism Book Series, Volume: 268
The Communist Womenâs Movement (CWM), virtually unknown today, was the worldâs first truly international revolutionary organisation of women. Formed in 1920, the CWM mapped out a programme for womenâs emancipation; participated in struggles for womenâs rights; and worked to advance womenâs participation in the Communist movement.
The present volume, part of a series on the Communist International in Leninâs time, contains proceedings and resolutions of CWM conferences, along with reports on its work around the world. Most of the contents here are published in English for the first time, with almost half appearing for the first time in any language.
The present volume, part of a series on the Communist International in Leninâs time, contains proceedings and resolutions of CWM conferences, along with reports on its work around the world. Most of the contents here are published in English for the first time, with almost half appearing for the first time in any language.
Mike Taber is editor of The Communist Movement at a Crossroads: Plenums of the Communist Internationalâs Executive Committee, 1922â1923 and Under the Socialist Banner: Resolutions of the Second International 1889â1912. He has also edited and prepared collections by Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, James P. Cannon, and Maurice Bishop.
Daria Dyakonova is a history researcher who teaches at the International University in Geneva. She has recently finished a Ph.D. thesis on Canadian Communist Youth and ties with the International Communist Movement during the interwar period and has published articles on Canadian Communism and the Communist International.
Daria Dyakonova is a history researcher who teaches at the International University in Geneva. She has recently finished a Ph.D. thesis on Canadian Communist Youth and ties with the International Communist Movement during the interwar period and has published articles on Canadian Communism and the Communist International.
"Until recently, hardly any scholarly literature addressed the history of the Communist Womenâs Movement (CWM), with Elizabeth Watersâs 1989 chapter as a rare exception. [...] This book, edited by Michael Taber and Daria Dyakonova, makes a huge step forward by presenting previously unpublished archival material. [...] The women âof the early Communist Womenâs Movement deserve recognition for what they in fact were: a key component of the world Communist movement under Lenin, as well as pioneers in the centuries-long struggle for womenâs emancipation.â" â Francisca de Haan, in: Connections. A Journal for Historians and Area Specialists, 22 December 2023 [The Communist Womenâs Movement, 1920-1922]
Preface
Editorial Introduction
âDaria Dyakonova
About This Edition
List of Abbreviations
Prologue
â1âThe Tasks of the Working Womenâs Movement in the Soviet Republic
â2âResolution on the Need to Draw Women Workers into the Struggle for Socialism, First Congress of Communist International, 1919
30Â JULY 1920, EVENING. Opening Ceremony
Greetings by Bukharin. Messages to Zetkin and Kollontai. Greetings by Levi; Wolfstein; Ströhmer; Balabanova; Newbold; Linderot; greetings from Turkey and Poland; Münzenberg; Gopner. Appeal to Polish working women.
31Â JULY 1920, 12:00 NOON. The Third International and Working Women
Report by Yaroslavsky. Discussion: Roy; Karymova; Wolfstein. Manifesto to the Working Women of the World.
31 JULY 1920, 7:00â¯P.M. Delegate and Country Reports
Wolfstein (Germany); Ströhmer (Austria); Linderot (Sweden); Kovács (Hungary); Newbold (Britain); Rosmer (France).
1Â AUGUST 1920, 12:00 NOON. Delegate and Country Reports (Continued)
Balabanova (Italy); Maksimov (Bulgaria); Kazhukhanen (Finland); Nielsen (Denmark); Tumu (Latvia); Biti (Lithuania); Roy (Mexico); Dvorkina (Turkestan). Written reports: Norway; China; Korea; Iran; India; the Caucasus. The Situation of Working Women and Peasant Women in Soviet Russia: (a) report on economic and civil rights by Armand; (b) report on liberation from domestic bondage by Nikolaeva. Report on the RCPâs methods of work among women by Armand.
1 AUGUST 1920, 7:00â¯P.M. Womenâs Section of the Comintern
Report on theses of Russian delegation by Armand. Discussion on theses. Conference closing.
Appendix: List of Delegates
Guidelines for the Communist Womenâs Movement
Conference Call
9Â JUNE 1921, EVENING SESSION. Inauguration of Conference
Convening by Kollontai. Greetings by Thalheimer; Kalinin; Lozovsky; Gusev; Zetkin; Bukharin; Tskhakaia; Colliard; Podchufarova; Bloor; Chernyshova; Musabekova; Nam Man-châun; Kollontai.
11Â JUNE 1921, MORNING SESSION. International Womenâs Secretariat
Zetkin convening. Election of committees. Agenda and rules. Message from Germany. Report on International Womenâs Secretariat by Kollontai. Zetkin protest. Report on strengthening international ties by Zetkin.
11Â JUNE 1921, EVENING SESSION. Discussion on International Womenâs Secretariat
Braunthal; Bloch; Nikolaeva; Lilina; Colliard; Roland-Holst; Linderot; Csirs; Zorina; Areshian; KÅenová; Moirova; Vinogradskaia. Kollontai summary.
12Â JUNE 1921, MORNING SESSION. Forms and Methods of Work
GliÅski greetings. Report on forms and methods of Communist work among women by Kollontai.
13Â JUNE 1921, MORNING SESSION. Discussion on Forms and Methods of Work
Greetings from Iran. Discussion on report: Volnaia; Kiiskinen; Smidovich; Golta; Zetkin; Mildner; Bloor; Nikolaeva; Krupskaia.
13Â JUNE 1921, EVENING SESSION. Discussion on Forms and Methods of Work (Continued)
Reply to Zetkin protest. Continued discussion on report: Maimunkova; Smythe; Joska; Nam Man-châun; Areshian; Wertheim; Faber; Kudelli; Yanson. Kollontai summary.
14Â JUNE 1921, MORNING SESSION. Women in the Revolutionary Struggle
Report on participation of women in the struggle for power and the dictatorship of the proletariat by Lilina. Report on the economic position of women by Sturm. Discussion on reports: Wertheim; Volnaia; Ströhmer; Geffke.
15Â JUNE 1921, MORNING SESSION. The Fight for Womenâs Equality
Report on fight for political equality by Zetkin. Discussion on report: Smythe; Stalâ; Moirova; Lilina; Podchufarova; Kaligna; Montagnana; Roland-Holst; Linderot; Leiciague; Bloch; Joska; Ströhmer; Sturm. Zetkin summary.
15Â JUNE 1921, EVENING SESSION. Greetings by Trotsky; Women of the East; Conference Closing
Trotsky greetings. Voting on resolutions. Motion on International Womenâs Day. Credentials Commission report by Stalâ. Greetings to Lenin and Zinoviev. Greetings from Eastern women: Tarijanova; Kaboulbaeva; Koussoumbaeva; Baisbekova. Closing of conference.
List of Delegates
Resolutions of Second Conference
âGreetings to the Heroes of the Struggle and the Martyrs of the White Terror
âResolution on International Ties between Communist Women and the International Communist Womenâs Secretariat
âResolution on Forms and Methods of Communist Work among Women
âTheses on Methods and Forms of Work of Communist Parties among Women
âTrade-Union Work
âThe Participation of Women in the Struggle for the Capture and Consolidation of Proletarian Political Power and for the Proletarian Dictatorship
âThe Integration of Women into the Struggle for the Proletarian Dictatorship
âEqual Political Rights for Women in Law and in Practice
âManifesto to Working Women of the Whole World
âAppeal to the Working Women of All Countries
The First Conference of International Womenâs Correspondents (25â26Â January 1922)
Report from Die Kommunistische Fraueninternationale
First Correspondents Conference Resolutions and Appeals
âInternational Womenâs Day and the United Front of the Proletariat
âResolution on International Communist Womenâs Day
The Second Conference of International Womenâs Correspondents (24â25Â October 1922)
Report from Die Kommunistische Fraueninternationale
Second Correspondents Conference Theses and Resolutions
âResolution on the Organisational Report of the International Womenâs Secretariat
âResolution on Work in the Trade Unions
âResolution on Work in the Cooperatives
âResolution on International Workersâ Aid for Soviet Russia
The Communist Womenâs Conference for the Near East in Tiflis (12Â December 1921)
Report from Die Kommunistische Fraueninternationale
Resolution of the Tiflis Conference
Forms and Methods of Communist Work among Women of the Near East
â1âGermany
â2âCzechoslovakia
â3âFrance
â4âBulgaria
â5âDutch East Indies
â6âSoviet Russia
Chronology
Glossary
Bibliography
Index
Editorial Introduction
âDaria Dyakonova
About This Edition
List of Abbreviations
Prologue
â1âThe Tasks of the Working Womenâs Movement in the Soviet Republic
â2âResolution on the Need to Draw Women Workers into the Struggle for Socialism, First Congress of Communist International, 1919
First International Conference of Communist Women 30Â Julyâ3Â August 1920
30Â JULY 1920, EVENING. Opening Ceremony
Greetings by Bukharin. Messages to Zetkin and Kollontai. Greetings by Levi; Wolfstein; Ströhmer; Balabanova; Newbold; Linderot; greetings from Turkey and Poland; Münzenberg; Gopner. Appeal to Polish working women.
31Â JULY 1920, 12:00 NOON. The Third International and Working Women
Report by Yaroslavsky. Discussion: Roy; Karymova; Wolfstein. Manifesto to the Working Women of the World.
31 JULY 1920, 7:00â¯P.M. Delegate and Country Reports
Wolfstein (Germany); Ströhmer (Austria); Linderot (Sweden); Kovács (Hungary); Newbold (Britain); Rosmer (France).
1Â AUGUST 1920, 12:00 NOON. Delegate and Country Reports (Continued)
Balabanova (Italy); Maksimov (Bulgaria); Kazhukhanen (Finland); Nielsen (Denmark); Tumu (Latvia); Biti (Lithuania); Roy (Mexico); Dvorkina (Turkestan). Written reports: Norway; China; Korea; Iran; India; the Caucasus. The Situation of Working Women and Peasant Women in Soviet Russia: (a) report on economic and civil rights by Armand; (b) report on liberation from domestic bondage by Nikolaeva. Report on the RCPâs methods of work among women by Armand.
1 AUGUST 1920, 7:00â¯P.M. Womenâs Section of the Comintern
Report on theses of Russian delegation by Armand. Discussion on theses. Conference closing.
Appendix: List of Delegates
Guidelines for the Communist Womenâs Movement
Second International Conference of Communist Women 9â15Â June 1921
Conference Call
9Â JUNE 1921, EVENING SESSION. Inauguration of Conference
Convening by Kollontai. Greetings by Thalheimer; Kalinin; Lozovsky; Gusev; Zetkin; Bukharin; Tskhakaia; Colliard; Podchufarova; Bloor; Chernyshova; Musabekova; Nam Man-châun; Kollontai.
11Â JUNE 1921, MORNING SESSION. International Womenâs Secretariat
Zetkin convening. Election of committees. Agenda and rules. Message from Germany. Report on International Womenâs Secretariat by Kollontai. Zetkin protest. Report on strengthening international ties by Zetkin.
11Â JUNE 1921, EVENING SESSION. Discussion on International Womenâs Secretariat
Braunthal; Bloch; Nikolaeva; Lilina; Colliard; Roland-Holst; Linderot; Csirs; Zorina; Areshian; KÅenová; Moirova; Vinogradskaia. Kollontai summary.
12Â JUNE 1921, MORNING SESSION. Forms and Methods of Work
GliÅski greetings. Report on forms and methods of Communist work among women by Kollontai.
13Â JUNE 1921, MORNING SESSION. Discussion on Forms and Methods of Work
Greetings from Iran. Discussion on report: Volnaia; Kiiskinen; Smidovich; Golta; Zetkin; Mildner; Bloor; Nikolaeva; Krupskaia.
13Â JUNE 1921, EVENING SESSION. Discussion on Forms and Methods of Work (Continued)
Reply to Zetkin protest. Continued discussion on report: Maimunkova; Smythe; Joska; Nam Man-châun; Areshian; Wertheim; Faber; Kudelli; Yanson. Kollontai summary.
14Â JUNE 1921, MORNING SESSION. Women in the Revolutionary Struggle
Report on participation of women in the struggle for power and the dictatorship of the proletariat by Lilina. Report on the economic position of women by Sturm. Discussion on reports: Wertheim; Volnaia; Ströhmer; Geffke.
15Â JUNE 1921, MORNING SESSION. The Fight for Womenâs Equality
Report on fight for political equality by Zetkin. Discussion on report: Smythe; Stalâ; Moirova; Lilina; Podchufarova; Kaligna; Montagnana; Roland-Holst; Linderot; Leiciague; Bloch; Joska; Ströhmer; Sturm. Zetkin summary.
15Â JUNE 1921, EVENING SESSION. Greetings by Trotsky; Women of the East; Conference Closing
Trotsky greetings. Voting on resolutions. Motion on International Womenâs Day. Credentials Commission report by Stalâ. Greetings to Lenin and Zinoviev. Greetings from Eastern women: Tarijanova; Kaboulbaeva; Koussoumbaeva; Baisbekova. Closing of conference.
List of Delegates
Resolutions of Second Conference
âGreetings to the Heroes of the Struggle and the Martyrs of the White Terror
âResolution on International Ties between Communist Women and the International Communist Womenâs Secretariat
âResolution on Forms and Methods of Communist Work among Women
âTheses on Methods and Forms of Work of Communist Parties among Women
âTrade-Union Work
âThe Participation of Women in the Struggle for the Capture and Consolidation of Proletarian Political Power and for the Proletarian Dictatorship
âThe Integration of Women into the Struggle for the Proletarian Dictatorship
âEqual Political Rights for Women in Law and in Practice
âManifesto to Working Women of the Whole World
âAppeal to the Working Women of All Countries
Womenâs Correspondents Conferences, 1922
The First Conference of International Womenâs Correspondents (25â26Â January 1922)
Report from Die Kommunistische Fraueninternationale
First Correspondents Conference Resolutions and Appeals
âInternational Womenâs Day and the United Front of the Proletariat
âResolution on International Communist Womenâs Day
The Second Conference of International Womenâs Correspondents (24â25Â October 1922)
Report from Die Kommunistische Fraueninternationale
Second Correspondents Conference Theses and Resolutions
âResolution on the Organisational Report of the International Womenâs Secretariat
âResolution on Work in the Trade Unions
âResolution on Work in the Cooperatives
âResolution on International Workersâ Aid for Soviet Russia
Near East Womenâs Conference, 1921
The Communist Womenâs Conference for the Near East in Tiflis (12Â December 1921)
Report from Die Kommunistische Fraueninternationale
Resolution of the Tiflis Conference
Forms and Methods of Communist Work among Women of the Near East
The Communist Womenâs Movement around the World
â1âGermany
â2âCzechoslovakia
â3âFrance
â4âBulgaria
â5âDutch East Indies
â6âSoviet Russia
Chronology
Glossary
Bibliography
Index
The book will be of interest to academic libraries, institutes and historians including (post)graduate students specializing in the history of communism, socialism, feminism and gender during the interwar period.