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Morphology and Bionomics of Dorylaims (Nematoda, Dorylaimida)
Series: - Nematology Monographs and Perspectives, Volume: 13
Author:
Dorylaims are probably the most diverse order of nematodes and are often an abundant component of the fauna in soils and freshwater habitats. As a result of their widespread distribution and many different feeding habits, they are considered as good bio-indicators of environmental quality and soil health. Their usefulness in this regard is only impeded by practical difficulties related to the accurate identification of the members of such a large and complex group. In this volume, Professor Reyes Peña-Santiago gives a detailed morphology of the dorylaims and provides a thorough overview of their feeding behaviour, reproduction, ecology, and diversity. You will learn what dorylaims are like and how they live, making this book an invaluable tool for nematologists, ecologists and other scientists who wish to embark on an in-depth study of the members of this fascinating group.
Reyes Peña-Santiago, Ph.D. (1983), University of Granada, is Senior Lecturer of Zoology at the University of Jaén (Spain). He is author of more than 250 contributions devoted to explore the diversity (mainly morphology and taxonomy) of dorylaims around the world.
Preface
Acknowledgements
1. Concept
Morphological characterisation: distinctive features
Biology
Distribution
Diversity
2. General aspect
Size
Shape
Habitus
Colour
3. Body wall and pseudocoel
Cuticle
Structure (layers)
Surface ornamentation
Specialisations
Body pores
Epidermis and lateral chords
Somatic musculature
Pseudocoel and its components
4. Lip region and amphids
Lip region shape
Profile (contour)
Anterior margin
Tapering
Differentiation (separation from the adjoining body)
Lips and their papillae
General pattern
Lips
Papillae
Oral aperture (mouth)
Oral field
Amphids
Basic structure
Position
Aperture
Fovea
5. Stoma and feeding apparatus
Cheilostom
Detailed structure
General morphology
Guiding ring
Guiding sheath
Mural tooth
Axial odontostyle
Odontophore
Musculature associated with stoma
6. Digestive tract
Pharynx
General morphology
Sections
Ultrastructure
Anterior section
Enlargement
Basal expansion and pharyngeal glands
Basic patterns
Pharyngo-intestinal junction
Intestine proper
Prerectum
Rectum
7. Female genital system
General concept and terminology
Ovary
Oviduct
Sphincter
Uterus
Basic types
Uterine special differentiations
Vagina
Vulva
Malformations
8. Male genital system
General concept
Testes
Genital tract
Spicules
Lateral guiding pieces
Gubernaculum
Genital papillae (supplements) and other papillae
Specialised musculature
Glands associated with male genital system
9. Nervous system and receptors
Central nervous system
Nerves
Cephalic nervous system
Pharyngeal nervous system
Recto-sympathetic nervous system
Sensory structures
Chemoreceptors
Amphids
Other chemoreceptive elements
Mechanoreceptors
Labial and cephalic papillae
Other mechanoreceptive elements
10. Caudal region
General concept
Tail shape
Tail sexual dimorphism
Postembryonic changes in tail shape
Functional and evolutionary aspects of tail shape
11. Feeding habits and feeding behaviour
Methodological constraints
Feeding spectrum
Feeding behaviour
Food suitability and selection
Feeding functional morphology
Excretion and osmo-regulation in dorylaims
12. Reproduction and development
Bisexual vs monosexual species
Gatemetogenesis and egg production
Embryonic development and hatching
Postnatal development – general aspects
Moulting process
Genital system development
Other (minor) postnatal changes
Life cycle and life span
13. Ecology and Biogeography
Rationale – dorylaims as K-strategists
Dorylaims as components of nematode communities
Local distribution
Vertical (depth) distribution
Temporal (seasonal) distribution
Regional distribution
Global distribution
. The distribution of particular taxa – some examples
Historic biogeography
Phylogeography
Dispersal and transport
Chorological relationships
Biotic interactions
Dorylaims as bioindicators in a global change scenario
Notes on survival
14. Diversity
Historical outline
The origins (1845-1920)
The prodigious 1930s decade
The order Dorylaimida setting
The golden age of the exploration of dorylaimid diversity (1960-1990)
A new era for an integrative approach
The internal phylogeny of Dorylaimida
Evolutionary relationships of Dorylaimida with other nematode taxa
Dorylaims – members of the subclass Dorylaimia
Mononchs – the closest relatives of dorylaims?
Dorylaims and other animal-parasitic Dorylaimia
Dorylaimida and other non-Dorylaimia
Updated inventory of dorylaimid taxa
Subject Index
Cited Taxa Index
Acknowledgements
1. Concept
Morphological characterisation: distinctive features
Biology
Distribution
Diversity
2. General aspect
Size
Shape
Habitus
Colour
3. Body wall and pseudocoel
Cuticle
Structure (layers)
Surface ornamentation
Specialisations
Body pores
Epidermis and lateral chords
Somatic musculature
Pseudocoel and its components
4. Lip region and amphids
Lip region shape
Profile (contour)
Anterior margin
Tapering
Differentiation (separation from the adjoining body)
Lips and their papillae
General pattern
Lips
Papillae
Oral aperture (mouth)
Oral field
Amphids
Basic structure
Position
Aperture
Fovea
5. Stoma and feeding apparatus
Cheilostom
Detailed structure
General morphology
Guiding ring
Guiding sheath
Mural tooth
Axial odontostyle
Odontophore
Musculature associated with stoma
6. Digestive tract
Pharynx
General morphology
Sections
Ultrastructure
Anterior section
Enlargement
Basal expansion and pharyngeal glands
Basic patterns
Pharyngo-intestinal junction
Intestine proper
Prerectum
Rectum
7. Female genital system
General concept and terminology
Ovary
Oviduct
Sphincter
Uterus
Basic types
Uterine special differentiations
Vagina
Vulva
Malformations
8. Male genital system
General concept
Testes
Genital tract
Spicules
Lateral guiding pieces
Gubernaculum
Genital papillae (supplements) and other papillae
Specialised musculature
Glands associated with male genital system
9. Nervous system and receptors
Central nervous system
Nerves
Cephalic nervous system
Pharyngeal nervous system
Recto-sympathetic nervous system
Sensory structures
Chemoreceptors
Amphids
Other chemoreceptive elements
Mechanoreceptors
Labial and cephalic papillae
Other mechanoreceptive elements
10. Caudal region
General concept
Tail shape
Tail sexual dimorphism
Postembryonic changes in tail shape
Functional and evolutionary aspects of tail shape
11. Feeding habits and feeding behaviour
Methodological constraints
Feeding spectrum
Feeding behaviour
Food suitability and selection
Feeding functional morphology
Excretion and osmo-regulation in dorylaims
12. Reproduction and development
Bisexual vs monosexual species
Gatemetogenesis and egg production
Embryonic development and hatching
Postnatal development – general aspects
Moulting process
Genital system development
Other (minor) postnatal changes
Life cycle and life span
13. Ecology and Biogeography
Rationale – dorylaims as K-strategists
Dorylaims as components of nematode communities
Local distribution
Vertical (depth) distribution
Temporal (seasonal) distribution
Regional distribution
Global distribution
. The distribution of particular taxa – some examples
Historic biogeography
Phylogeography
Dispersal and transport
Chorological relationships
Biotic interactions
Dorylaims as bioindicators in a global change scenario
Notes on survival
14. Diversity
Historical outline
The origins (1845-1920)
The prodigious 1930s decade
The order Dorylaimida setting
The golden age of the exploration of dorylaimid diversity (1960-1990)
A new era for an integrative approach
The internal phylogeny of Dorylaimida
Evolutionary relationships of Dorylaimida with other nematode taxa
Dorylaims – members of the subclass Dorylaimia
Mononchs – the closest relatives of dorylaims?
Dorylaims and other animal-parasitic Dorylaimia
Dorylaimida and other non-Dorylaimia
Updated inventory of dorylaimid taxa
Subject Index
Cited Taxa Index
This book is for nematologists, ecologists and other scientists who wish to embark on an in-depth study of the members of the fascinating group of dorylaims.