In previous studies of South Asian Tantric ritual, scholars tend to focus on one region or context. For the first time, Tantra, Ritual Performance and Politics in Nepal and Kerala: Embodying the Goddess-clan offers a comparative approach to Tantric mediumship as observed in two locales: NavadurgÄ rituals in Bhaktapur, Nepal, and TeyyÄá¹á¹am in North Kerala. In this book, Matthew Martin advances a new theory of ritual, which spotlights the way dancer-mediums embody medieval goddess-clans and ancestor deities, through offerings of food and sacrifice, that synchronize their denizens with the land in spiralling web-like ritual networks. Uniquely interdisciplinary in style, this study synthesizes cultural history, ethnography, and theory to explore the continuities â historical, societal, and political â that characterize these ritual traditions across the subcontinent.
Matthew Martin, D.Phil. (2019), University of Oxford, is an independent scholar of religion, ritual, and society in South Asia.
Acknowledgements List of Figures Abbreviations Style, Format, and Interview Transcriptions
Introduction: Methodology and Context
â1âFolk ÅÄkta Performances: Sovereignty, Goddesses, and Macro-Clans
â2âTeyyÄá¹á¹am and NavadurgÄ Compared: The Research Process
â3âMethodological Orientations
â4âFieldwork Locations & Informant Introductions
â5âContextual Background
Part 1
1 Introducing the Southern Case StudyâTeyyÄá¹á¹am, Northern Malabar, Kerala
â1âAncestors, Land, and Divinities (Teyyam) in Northern Kerala
â2âLineages, Clans, and Ritual Kinship
â3âBlood Sacrifices, Offerings, and Swords
â4âCosmology, Metaphysics, and Textual History
â5âCaste Identities, Politics, and Performance in North Malabar
2 Introducing the Northern Case StudyâNavadurgÄ, Bhaktapur, Nepal
â1âHindu-Buddhist Tantra in Newar Society: The Case of Bhaktapur
â2âBhaktapur City: Blood Symbols, Goddess-Clan, Space, and Society
â3âMonsoon, Power, and the Goddess-Clan: Banmala Dancer-Mediums during the Ritual Cycle
â4âBlood Sacrifice, Mohani, and the NavadurgÄ Cycle
â5âCosmology, Tantric Texts, and Newar Hinduism in Bhaktapur
â6âPolitics and Caste Structures in Bhaktapur
Part 2
3 Dancer-Medium Communities and Ritual Kinship
â1âIntroduction
â2âDancer-Medium Communities: TeyyÄá¹á¹am and NavadurgÄ
â3âTeyyÄá¹á¹am
â4âNavadurgÄ
â5âConclusion
4 History and Assimilation in Tantric Cosmology
â1âIntroduction
â2âTeyyÄá¹á¹am
â3âNavadurgÄ
â4âConclusion
6 Politics, Ritual Performance, and Caste
â1âIntroduction
â2âMarxist-Influenced Politics and Ritual Performance in Postcolonial South Asia
â3âTeyyÄá¹á¹am
â4âNavadurgÄ
â5âConclusion
Conclusion
â1âTeyyÄá¹á¹am and NavadurgÄ Compared: Revisited
â2âDancer-Medium Communities and Ritual Kinship
â3âHistory and Metaphysical Underlays of Folk ÅÄkta Ritual
â4âBlood Sacrifice and Self-Reflexive Affect
â5âPolitics and Caste Structure
Glossary of Key Terms Bibliography Index
All interested in the history of Tantric religion and ritual, Newari culture in Nepal, Keralan culture, ritual theory, and political movements in South Asia.