In this book, Mikhail Epstein offers a systematic theory of modalities (the actual, possible, and necessary), as applied to the discourse of philosophy in its post-Kantian and especially post-Derridean perspectives. He relies on his own experience of living in the USSR and the US, dominated respectively by imperative and possibilist modalities. Possibilism assumes that a thing or event acquires meaning only in the context of its multiple possibilities, inviting counterfactual and conditional modes of description. The author focuses on the creative potentials of possibilistic thinking and its heuristic value. The book demonstrates the range of modal approaches to society, culture, ethics, and language, and outlines potentiology as a new philosophical discipline interacting with ontology and epistemology.
Mikhail Epstein, Ph.D. (1990), Academy of Sciences, USSR; S.C.Dobbs Professor of Cultural Theory and Russian literature at Emory University (USA). He has published 35 books and hundreds of articles in philosophy and cultural and literary studies translated into 23 languages.
âPreface
&emspIntroduction: Fundamental Concepts of the Theory of the Possible
â1 The Problem of Modalities in Contemporary Thought
â2 A Preliminary Definition of the Modality of the Possible
â3 The Ontological Status of Possible Worlds. Nominalism and Realism
â4 The Principle of âFullnessâ and the Problem of Realization of Possibilities
â5 Duality and âDemonismâ of the Possible
â6 A Possibilistic Approach to the Possible
â7 The Plan of the Book
Part 1: The Possible in Philosophy
1âCriticism and Activism
2âPhilosophy and Reality
3âChange of Modalities in the History of Philosophy
4âPhilosophy as Possibilistic Thinking
5âThe Area of the Thinkable: the Value of Thinking in Itself
6âTheory, Utopia, and Hypothesis
7âCatharsis of Thinking
8âPersonified Thinking
9âPossible and Impossible: Aporia of Thinking
10âLanguage, Thinking, and Signifiability
11âUniversals as Potentials: Conceptualism
12âFrom the General to the Concrete and Universal
13âMultiplication of Entities
14âPhilosophy as Parody and Grotesque
Part 2: The Fate of Metaphysics: from Deconstruction to Possibilization
âIntroduction to Part 2
Section 2.1: Reverse Metaphysics: Critique and Deconstruction
23âFrom Deconstruction to Construction
24âConstruction and Creativity
25âDe- and Con-
26âPotentiation as Method: Eros of Thinking
27âWhat is âThe Interestingâ? Proposed Criteria
28âSmall Metaphysics: the Unique
Part 3: The Worlds of the Possible
âIntroduction to Part 3
29âSociety
30âCulture
31âEthics
32âPsychology
33âReligion
âConclusion
Appendix
âTo be Able, to be, and to Know. A System of Modalities
â1Definitions of Modality
âA Typical Definitions
âB The Specific Definition
â2Ðntic Modalities (Modalities of Being)
âA âTo Beâ and âTo Be Ableâ in the Ontological and Modal Perspectives
âB Existence and Non-existence
âC The Possible and the Contingent
âD The Impossible and the Necessary
âE Strong and Weak Modalities
âF The General Scheme of Ontic Modalities
âG Supermodalities: The Due and the Miraculous
â3Ðpistemic Modalities (Modalities of Knowledge)
â4Pure (Potentialistic) Modalities
âA Active Voice (Capacity, Need)
âB Passive Voice (Permission, Coercion)
âC Second-order Modalities
â(1)Will and Power
â(2)Desire and Love
â5The Final Tables of Modalities
â6Modal Categories in Various Disciplines
âA Be Able â Possess â Have Value. Modality in Economics
âB Necessity and Immortality: Modality in Eschatology
â7Potentiology: Prospects for the New Discipline
âIndex of Names
âIndex of Subjects
All interested in the philosophy of possible worlds and the role of modal categories (actual, necessary, interesting, hypothetical) in shaping postmodern culture, critical theory, and the future of the humanities.