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Beyond Schools: Muḥammad b. IbrÄhÄ«m al-WazÄ«rʼs (d. 840/1436) Epistemology of Ambiguity
Series: - Islamic History and Civilization, Volume: 154
Author:
In Beyond Schools: Muḥammad b. IbrÄhÄ«m al-WazÄ«rʼs (d. 840/1436) Epistemology of Ambiguity, Damaris Wilmers provides the first extensive analysis of Ibn al-WazÄ«rʼs thought and its role in the âSunnisation of the Zaydiyyaâ, emphasizing its significance for conflicts between schools of thought and law beyond the Yemeni context. Contrasting Ibn al-WazÄ«rʼs works with those of his Zaydi contemporary Aḥmad b. YaḥyÄ b. al-Murtaá¸Ä, Damaris Wilmers offers a study of a number of heretofore unedited texts from 9th/15th century Yemen when Zaydi identity was challenged by an increasing theological and legal diversity. She shows how Ibn al-WazÄ«r, who has been classed with different schools, actually de-emphasized school affiliation and developed an integrative approach based on a unique theory of knowledge.
Damaris Wilmers, Ph.D. (2015), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, works at the National Records and Archives Authority in Muscat. Her research and publication has focused on theological and legal diversity in Yemen. She has recently developed an interest in Oman´s intellectual history.
Acknowledgements
Introduction
1 Life and Intellectual Environment of Ibn al-WazÄ«r and Ibn al-Murtaá¸Ä â1âMuḥammad b. IbrÄhÄ«m b. al-WazÄ«râs (d. 840/1436) Biography â2âAḥmad b. YaḥyÄ b. al-Murtaá¸Ä (d. 840/1436) as a Scholar â3âConclusion
2 Ibn al-WazÄ«râs Works â1âAl-Amr bi-l-Ê¿uzla â2âAl-Ê¿AwÄá¹£im wa-l-awÄá¹£im â3âAl-ÄyÄt al-mubÄ«nÄt â4âÄyÄt al-aḥkÄm al-sharÊ¿iyya â5âAl-BurhÄn al-qÄá¹iÊ¿ fÄ« ithbÄt al-á¹£ÄniÊ¿ â6âAl-ḤusÄm al-mashhÅ«r â7âAl-IstiáºhÄr bi-l-dalÄ«l al-samÊ¿Ä« fÄ« Ê¿adam wuqÅ«Ê¿ al-á¹alÄq al-bidÊ¿Ä« â8âĪthÄr al-ḥaqq Ê¿alÄ l-khalq â9âKitÄb al-QawÄÊ¿id â10âKitÄb fÄ« l-tafsÄ«r â11âMajmaÊ¿ al-ḥaqÄʾiq wa-l-raqÄʾiq fÄ« mamÄdiḥ rabb al-khalÄʾiq â12âManáºÅ«ma shiÊ¿riyya fÄ« uṣūl al-fiqh â13âMasÄʾil arbaÊ¿a tataÊ¿allaq bi-l-muqallad wa-l-mustaftÄ« â14âMasʾalat ikhtilÄf al-MuÊ¿tazila wa-l-AshÊ¿ariyya fÄ« ḥamd AllÄh Ê¿alÄ l-Ä«mÄn â15âMasÄʾil mustakhrajÄt â16âMasÄʾil shÄfiyÄt â17âMasÄʾil sharÄ«fa â18âMukhtaá¹£ar mufÄ«d fÄ« Ê¿ulÅ«m al-ḥadÄ«th â19âMuthÄ«r al-aḥzÄn fÄ« wadÄÊ¿ shahr Ramaá¸Än â20âNuá¹£rat al-aÊ¿yÄn â21âQubÅ«l al-bushrÄ bi-l-taysÄ«r lil-yusrÄ â22âAl-RawḠal-bÄsim â23âAl-TaʾdÄ«b al-malakÅ«tÄ« â24âTaḥrÄ«r al-kalÄm fÄ« masʾalat al-ruʾya â25âTakhṣīṣ ÄyÄt al-jumÊ¿a â26âTanqīḥ al-anáºÄr fÄ« maÊ¿rifat Ê¿ulÅ«m al-ÄthÄr â27âTarjīḥ asÄlÄ«b al-QurʾÄn Ê¿alÄ asÄlÄ«b al-YÅ«nÄn â28âAdditional Works Ascribed to Ibn al-WazÄ«r
3 Central Concepts of Ibn al-WazÄ«râs Epistemological Thought â1âDefinitions of Knowledge â2âDefinitions of the Means to Possess Knowledge â3âThe Proof of Godâs Existence (ithbÄt al-á¹£ÄniÊ¿) â4âThe Argument from the Absence of Evidence (al-istidlÄl bi-l-Ê¿adam) â5âConclusion
4 Central Concepts of Ibn al-WazÄ«râs Theological Thought â1âGodâs Wisdom (ḥikma) as the Key to Harmonization â2âHarmonized Doctrine: Godâs Names (asmÄʾ) and Attributes (á¹£ifÄt) â3âHarmonized Doctrine: Godâs Will (irÄda) â4âHarmonized Doctrine: Human Actions (afÊ¿Äl al-Ê¿ibÄd) and Free Will (ikhtiyÄr) â5âConclusion
5 The Structure of Legal Authority in Ibn al-WazÄ«râs Thought â1âThe Theory of Infallibilism and the Probability of IjtihÄd â2âThe Possibility of IjtihÄd and the Existence of Mujtahids â3âTaqlÄ«d and Concepts of Following â4âThe Requirements (shurÅ«á¹) for IjtihÄd â5âDivisibility (tajazzuʾ) of IjtihÄd and the Discerning Student (al-á¹Älib al-mumayyiz) â6âExtrapolation of Principles (takhrÄ«j) â7âThe Muqallidâs Commitment to a Legal School (iltizÄm) â8âConclusion
6 Conclusion
Bibliography Index of Pre-Modern Authors Index of Geographical Names Index of Pre-Modern Books Index of Quran Citations Index of Arabic Terms
Introduction
1 Life and Intellectual Environment of Ibn al-WazÄ«r and Ibn al-Murtaá¸Ä â1âMuḥammad b. IbrÄhÄ«m b. al-WazÄ«râs (d. 840/1436) Biography â2âAḥmad b. YaḥyÄ b. al-Murtaá¸Ä (d. 840/1436) as a Scholar â3âConclusion
2 Ibn al-WazÄ«râs Works â1âAl-Amr bi-l-Ê¿uzla â2âAl-Ê¿AwÄá¹£im wa-l-awÄá¹£im â3âAl-ÄyÄt al-mubÄ«nÄt â4âÄyÄt al-aḥkÄm al-sharÊ¿iyya â5âAl-BurhÄn al-qÄá¹iÊ¿ fÄ« ithbÄt al-á¹£ÄniÊ¿ â6âAl-ḤusÄm al-mashhÅ«r â7âAl-IstiáºhÄr bi-l-dalÄ«l al-samÊ¿Ä« fÄ« Ê¿adam wuqÅ«Ê¿ al-á¹alÄq al-bidÊ¿Ä« â8âĪthÄr al-ḥaqq Ê¿alÄ l-khalq â9âKitÄb al-QawÄÊ¿id â10âKitÄb fÄ« l-tafsÄ«r â11âMajmaÊ¿ al-ḥaqÄʾiq wa-l-raqÄʾiq fÄ« mamÄdiḥ rabb al-khalÄʾiq â12âManáºÅ«ma shiÊ¿riyya fÄ« uṣūl al-fiqh â13âMasÄʾil arbaÊ¿a tataÊ¿allaq bi-l-muqallad wa-l-mustaftÄ« â14âMasʾalat ikhtilÄf al-MuÊ¿tazila wa-l-AshÊ¿ariyya fÄ« ḥamd AllÄh Ê¿alÄ l-Ä«mÄn â15âMasÄʾil mustakhrajÄt â16âMasÄʾil shÄfiyÄt â17âMasÄʾil sharÄ«fa â18âMukhtaá¹£ar mufÄ«d fÄ« Ê¿ulÅ«m al-ḥadÄ«th â19âMuthÄ«r al-aḥzÄn fÄ« wadÄÊ¿ shahr Ramaá¸Än â20âNuá¹£rat al-aÊ¿yÄn â21âQubÅ«l al-bushrÄ bi-l-taysÄ«r lil-yusrÄ â22âAl-RawḠal-bÄsim â23âAl-TaʾdÄ«b al-malakÅ«tÄ« â24âTaḥrÄ«r al-kalÄm fÄ« masʾalat al-ruʾya â25âTakhṣīṣ ÄyÄt al-jumÊ¿a â26âTanqīḥ al-anáºÄr fÄ« maÊ¿rifat Ê¿ulÅ«m al-ÄthÄr â27âTarjīḥ asÄlÄ«b al-QurʾÄn Ê¿alÄ asÄlÄ«b al-YÅ«nÄn â28âAdditional Works Ascribed to Ibn al-WazÄ«r
3 Central Concepts of Ibn al-WazÄ«râs Epistemological Thought â1âDefinitions of Knowledge â2âDefinitions of the Means to Possess Knowledge â3âThe Proof of Godâs Existence (ithbÄt al-á¹£ÄniÊ¿) â4âThe Argument from the Absence of Evidence (al-istidlÄl bi-l-Ê¿adam) â5âConclusion
4 Central Concepts of Ibn al-WazÄ«râs Theological Thought â1âGodâs Wisdom (ḥikma) as the Key to Harmonization â2âHarmonized Doctrine: Godâs Names (asmÄʾ) and Attributes (á¹£ifÄt) â3âHarmonized Doctrine: Godâs Will (irÄda) â4âHarmonized Doctrine: Human Actions (afÊ¿Äl al-Ê¿ibÄd) and Free Will (ikhtiyÄr) â5âConclusion
5 The Structure of Legal Authority in Ibn al-WazÄ«râs Thought â1âThe Theory of Infallibilism and the Probability of IjtihÄd â2âThe Possibility of IjtihÄd and the Existence of Mujtahids â3âTaqlÄ«d and Concepts of Following â4âThe Requirements (shurÅ«á¹) for IjtihÄd â5âDivisibility (tajazzuʾ) of IjtihÄd and the Discerning Student (al-á¹Älib al-mumayyiz) â6âExtrapolation of Principles (takhrÄ«j) â7âThe Muqallidâs Commitment to a Legal School (iltizÄm) â8âConclusion
6 Conclusion
Bibliography Index of Pre-Modern Authors Index of Geographical Names Index of Pre-Modern Books Index of Quran Citations Index of Arabic Terms
Those interested in epistemology, theology, legal theory, conflicts between schools of thought and law, the Zaydiyya and Islam in Yemen.