This book offers the first comprehensive study of the ways in which Chinaâs men of guns (so-called âwarlordsâ) and men of letters (May Fourth intellectuals) engaged one another for the making of a Chinese federation between 1919 and 1923. Breaking the constructed dichotomy between the men of guns and men of letters, Vivienne Guoâs analysis reappraises Chinese warlordism against the backdrop of the Chinese enlightenment. Exploring the ideological underpinnings and political vigour of the Chinese federalist movement, Negotiating A Chinese Federation provides a fresh interpretation of Chinaâs cultural renewal and state-building.
Vivienne Xiangwei Guo, Ph.D. (2015), Kingâs College London, is a lecturer in modern Chinese history at Kingâs College London. She has multiple publications on modern China, including Women and Politics in Wartime China: Networking Across Geopolitical Borders (Routledge, 2019).
Acknowledgments
List of Tables
1 Introduction: Chinaâs Men of Guns and Men of Letters
â1 Who Are the Warlords?
â2 Who Are the May Fourth Intellectuals?
â3 The Project of Federal Self-governance
2 The Point of No Return: Chen Jiongming and the Anarcho-Federalist Blueprint
â1 The Anarcho-Socialist Mecca: Chen Jiongming and His Huiming Friends
â2 New Guangdong: Chen Duxiu and the Qunbao Society
â3 The âTwo Chensâ Collaboration and Ambiguous âAnti-Warlordismâ
3 The Moment of Celebration: Zhao Hengti and the Hunan Provincial Constitution
â1 The Prelude: Tan Yankai and the Self-governance Movement in Hunan
â2 The Turning Point: The Academic Symposium in Changsha
â3 The Summit: Zhao Hengti and the Promulgation of the Provincial Constitution
4 The Federalist Alliance: Zhang Shizhao, Zhang Taiyan, and Federal Self-governance
â1 The Beginning: The
SSEA
and Tiger
â2 The Catalyst: Sun Yat-senâs Presidential Election
â3 The National Movement: Federal Self-governance and the Federal Assembly
5 The Beginning of the End: Wu Peifu and Good Government
â1 The Collaboration: Making Good Government with the Good People
â2 The Breakdown: Wu Peifuâs Objection of Federal Self-governance
â3 Whose Fault? A Lack of Endeavour among the Endeavour Intellectuals
6 Into the Warlord Land: The Soviet Emissaries, Dewey, Russell, and the Post-war World
â1 From Fox to Hedgehog
â2 Mysterious Visits: The Engagement between Soviet Emissaries and Chinaâs Men of Guns
â3 John Dewey, Bertrand Russell, and May Fourth China
â4 The Dewey Dynamic: John Deweyâs Visits to the Warlord Land
7 Conclusion
Bibliography
University libraries, Asian studies departments, sinologists, and all specialists and university students who work in the fields of modern history, Chinese history, China studies, and political science.