The first scholarly monograph on Buddhist maá¹á¸alas in China, this book examines the Maá¹á¸ala of Eight Great Bodhisattvas. This iconographic template, in which a central Buddha is flanked by eight attendants, flourished during the Tibetan (786â848) and post-Tibetan Guiyijun (848â1036) periods at Dunhuang. A rare motif that appears in only four cave shrines at the Mogao and Yulin sites, the maá¹á¸ala bore associations with political authority and received patronage from local rulers. Attending to the historical and cultural contexts surrounding this iconography, this book demonstrates that transcultural communication over the Silk Routes during this period, and the religious dialogue between the Chinese and Tibetan communities, were defining characteristics of the visual language of Buddhist maá¹á¸alas at Dunhuang.
Michelle C. Wang, Ph.D. (Harvard, 2008), is Assistant Professor in the Department of Art and Art History at Georgetown University. A specialist in medieval Chinese art, her publications have addressed Buddhist maá¹á¸alas, Dunhuang painting, and art of the Silk Road.
Contents
Acknowledgements List of Illustrations Abbreviations and Conventions
Introduction
âââRecentering Buddhism at Dunhuang
âââThe Shingon Impact
âââMaá¹á¸alas in the Making
âââOverview of Chapters
1 From DhÄraá¹Ä« to Maá¹á¸ala
âââDhÄraá¹Ä« Pillars in Medieval China
âââMaá¹á¸alas and Altars
âââVisualizing the Maá¹á¸ala
2 The Crowned Buddha and Narratives of Enlightenment
âââThe Cult of Vairocana in Early Tibet
âââThe Crowned Buddha
âââNetworks of Transmission
âââStylistic Bilingualism in Images of Vairocana
âââThe Eight Bodhisattvas
3 Maá¹á¸alas and Historical Memory
âââMogao Cave 156 and the Victory of Zhang Yichao
âââThe Cult of AvalokiteÅvara at Dunhuang
âââThe Maá¹á¸ala of Eight Great Bodhisattvas in the Guiyijun Period
âââAmoghavajra and the VajradhÄtu Maá¹á¸ala
âââMaá¹á¸alas and Ritual Space
4 Maá¹á¸alas, Repentance, and Vision
âââThe Vajra Realm in Ritual Manuals from Dunhuang
âââThe Five Buddhas and Repentance Altars
5 Beyond the Maá¹á¸ala
âââBodhisattvas and Repentance
âââThe KalyÄá¹amitras as Embodied Experience
âââThe Vows of Samantabhadra
âââThe Ascent to the Dharma Realm
Epilogue
Bibliography Index
All those with an interest in cross-cultural interactions in Chinese and Tibetan visual culture and Buddhism, as well as specialists in esoteric Buddhism, Silk Road art, and Dunhuang studies.