In The Requirement of Consultation with Indigenous Peoples in the ILO, MarÃa Victoria Cabrera Ormaza examines the law-making and interpretive practice of the International Labour Organization (ILO) relating to indigenous peoples with a particular focus on the consultation requirement established by Article 6 of ILO Convention No. 169. Taking into account both the mandate and institutional characteristics of the ILO, the author explains how the ILO understands the notion of consultation with indigenous peoples and outlines the flaws in its approach. Through a comprehensive analysis of state practice and human rights jurisprudence concerning indigenous peoples, the author explores the normative impact of ILO Convention No. 169, while revisiting the ILOâs potential to help harmonize different interpretations of the consultation requirement.
MarÃa Victoria Cabrera Ormaza, who received her Ph.D. from Göttingen University in 2017, is Professor of Public International Law at Universidad EspÃritu Santo-Ecuador. She has worked for the ILO on indigenous issues and has published in the field of indigenous rights.
Foreword Acknowledgements List of Acronyms
Introduction
â1âSetting the Scene: The ilo and the Perennial Uncertainty around the Requirement of Consultation with Indigenous Peoples
â2âResearch Questions and Methodology
â3âStructure of the Book
1 General Background
â1âThe ilo and Its Standard System in a Nutshell
ââ1.1âThe iloâs Broad Mandate
ââ1.2âTripartism
ââ1.3âThe ilo Functioning
ââ1.4âInternational Labour Standards
ââ1.5âilo Supervisory System
â2âHistorical Development of ilo Standards Concerning Indigenous Peoples
ââ2.1âStandards on Indigenous Workers
ââ2.2âConcern for Indigenous Populations in ilo Regional Conferences
ââ2.3âStandards on âindigenous populationsâ and the Question of ilo Competence
ââ2.4âCriticism against ilo Convention No. 107 and the Genesis of Convention No. 169
2 Consultation with Indigenous Peoples: Conception and Normative Dimensions
â1âThe Notion of Consultation in the ilo Regime
â2âOverview of the Provisions on Consultation in ilo Convention No. 169
â3âHistory of the Concept of Consultation with Indigenous Peoples
ââ3.1âEarly Developments in the Context of ilo Convention No. 107
ââ3.2âDebates Within the Development Process of ilo Convention No. 169
â4âDimensions of the Concept of Consultation with Indigenous Peoples
ââ4.1âConsultations with Indigenous Organizations during the Negotiation of Convention No. 169
ââ4.2âConsultation as a Guiding Principle of ilo Convention No. 169
ââ4.3âThe Human Rights Dimension of the Requirement of Consultation
â5âConclusions and Outlook
3 State Practice
â1âPreliminary Considerations
ââ1.1âIncorporation of International Norms
ââ1.2âThe Need for the Adoption of Implementing Legislation
ââ1.3âThe Role of National Courts
â2âState Practice on Consultation among States Parties to ilo Convention No. 169
ââ2.1âConvention No. 169 as a Support for Democracy in Latin America
ââ2.2âConvention No. 169 in the Commonwealth of Nations: Dominica
ââ2.3âScandinavian Countries: Progress in Consultation Mechanisms
ââ2.4âAsia and Oceania: Consultation in a Contested Terrain
ââ2.5âConvention No. 169 in the Central African Republic: Consultation in a Context of Armed Conflict in Africa
â3âComparison and Conclusions
4 Practice of the ilo Supervisory Bodies
â1âRegular Reporting System (Art. 22 of the ilo Constitution)
ââ1.1âThe ceacr and its Contested âinterpretive functionsâ
ââ1.2âExamination of State Reports Concerning ilo Convention No. 169: Procedural Aspects
ââ1.3âPossibility for Indigenous Peoples to Provide Comments on Stateâs Reports
ââ1.4âThe Requirement of Consultation with Indigenous Peoples in the Jurisprudence of the ceacr
â2âDebates over Consultation Within the cas132
â3âConsultation with Indigenous Peoples in the Context of Representations (Art. 24 of the ilo Constitution)
ââ3.1âTripartite Committeesâ General Approach
ââ3.2âThe Requirement that Consultation Should be Prior
ââ3.3âSubjects Entitled to Consultation and the Question of Indigenous Representation
ââ3.4âMeasures to be Consulted on with Indigenous Peoples
â4âConclusions and Outlook
5 Consultation with Indigenous Peoples in International Human Rights Law
â1âThe Requirement of Consultation and Free, Prior and Informed Consent under the un System of Human Rights
ââ1.1âIndigenous Peoples in the un in a Nutshell
ââ1.2âThe Requirement of Consultation and Free, Prior and Informed Consent under the undrip
ââ1.3âConsultation and Free, Prior and Informed Consent in the Practice of the Human Rights Treaty Bodies
ââ1.4âConsultation and Free, Prior and Informed Consent in the Work of the un Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
ââ1.5âConsultation and Free, Prior and Informed Consent in the Studies of the Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
â2âThe Notion of âconsultationâ with Indigenous Peoples in Regional Human Rights Systems
ââ2.1âThe Contribution of the Inter-American System of Human Rights
ââ2.2âIndigenous Peoples and the Question of Consultation in the African Human Rights System
â3âEvaluation
ââ3.1âConsultation with Indigenous Peoples, an Evolving Norm of Customary International Law?
ââ3.2âA Treaty Norm vs. a Customary Rule on Consultation with Indigenous Peoples
ââ3.3âConsultation with Indigenous Peoples as a General Principle of International Law
6 Overall Assessment
â1âReconsidering Flexibility
â2âRectifying Indeterminacy
ââ2.1âThe Option of a Supplementary Recommendation to ilo Convention No. 169
ââ2.2âA Resolution of the International Labour Conference
ââ2.3âA Need for an icj Advisory Opinion?
ââ2.4âClarification by the International Labour Office
ââ2.5âThe Failed Attempt to Undertake a General Survey on ilo Convention No. 169
ââ2.6âStandard Review Mechanism 1
â3âRevisiting the Interpretive Practice of ilo Supervisory Bodies
ââ3.1âThe Inappropriateness of the Current Interpretive Approach
ââ3.2âA Human Rights-Oriented Interpretive Approach to ilo Convention No. 169
â4âInstitutional Considerations
ââ4.1âRe-reading the ilo Mandate
ââ4.2âThe ilo Cooperation with the un in the Promotion of Indigenous Peoplesâ Rights
ââ4.3âA Special Committee to Deal with C169?
Conclusions List of References Index
Anyone concerned with the legal protection of indigenous peoples, including scholars, officers of international organizations, practitioners, international and national adjudicators. The book can be used for courses on indigenous peoples.