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Artillery in the Era of the Crusades
Siege Warfare and the Development of Trebuchet Technology
Series: - History of Warfare, Volume: 122
Author:
Artillery in the Era of the Crusades provides a detailed examination of the use of mechanical artillery in the Levant through the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Rather than focus on a selection of sensational anecdotes, Michael S. Fulton explores the full scope of the available literary and archaeological evidence, reinterpreting the development of trebuchet technology and the ways in which it was used during this period. Among the arguments put forward, Fulton challenges the popular perception that the invention of the counterweight trebuchet was responsible for the dramatic transformation in the design of fortifications around the start of the thirteenth century.
See inside the book.
See inside the book.
Michael S. Fulton, Ph.D. (2016), Cardiff University, is a Visiting Scholar with the Department of History at the University of British Columbia. He has published a number of articles, including âA Ridge too Far,â Crusades 16 (2017) and âDevelopment of Prefabricated Artillery during the Crusades,â JMMH 13 (2015).
Contents
Foreword
List of Illustrations
Abbreviations
Names
Weights and Measures
Regional Maps
Introduction
1 Background
ââClassical Artillery
ââTerminological Issues
ââEarly Traction Trebuchets in the Near and Middle East
ââEarly Traction Trebuchets in Europe
ââAppearance of the Counterweight Trebuchet
2 Mechanics
ââTraction
ââCounterweight
ââThe Mathematics
3 First Crusade
ââNicaea: 1097
ââAntioch: 1097-98
ââMaâarrat al-Nuâman and âArqa: 1098
ââJerusalem: 1099
4 Twelfth Century
ââThe Opening Decades
ââTyre: 1124
ââOffensives of Zanki and John Comnenus
ââThe Second Crusade and the Ebb of Frankish Dominance
ââEgypt: A New Frontier
ââThe Rise of Saladin
ââTransjordan
5 Third Crusade
ââThe Hattin Campaign
ââIndications of Range in Western Syria and Transjordan
ââSaladinâs Conquest of Northern Palestine
ââThe First Great Siege of Acre
ââLater Sieges of the Crusade
6 Ayyubid Period
ââThe Fifth Crusade and New Latin Terminology
ââThe Sixth Crusade and War on Cyprus
ââContinued Infighting and New Arabic Terminology
ââLouis IX and the Seventh Crusade
ââThe Mongols and the War of St Sabas
7 Mamluk Period
ââBaybarsâ Early Artillery
ââIndications of Significant Power: 1271
ââThe Sultanate of Qalawun
ââThe Second Great Siege of Acre: 1291
Plates
8 Influence of Offensive Artillery
ââTheories Regarding the Influence of Artillery
ââSiege Length
ââDevelopment, Manpower and Resources
ââConcentricity
ââWall Thickness
ââEntrances
ââDressing
ââTower Shape
9 Influence of Defensive Artillery
ââGround-mounted Artillery
ââTower-mounted Artillery
ââPossible Ayyubid Artillery Towers
ââPossible Frankish Artillery Towers
ââPossible Mamluk Artillery Towers
ââOther Interpretations
Conclusion
ââDevelopment
ââEmployment
Appendix 1:âMentions of Artillery
Appendix 2:âImages and Technical Treatises
Appendix 3:âMathematical Scenarios
Appendix 4:âReconstructed Engines
Bibliography
Index
Foreword
List of Illustrations
Abbreviations
Names
Weights and Measures
Regional Maps
Introduction
1 Background
ââClassical Artillery
ââTerminological Issues
ââEarly Traction Trebuchets in the Near and Middle East
ââEarly Traction Trebuchets in Europe
ââAppearance of the Counterweight Trebuchet
2 Mechanics
ââTraction
ââCounterweight
ââThe Mathematics
3 First Crusade
ââNicaea: 1097
ââAntioch: 1097-98
ââMaâarrat al-Nuâman and âArqa: 1098
ââJerusalem: 1099
4 Twelfth Century
ââThe Opening Decades
ââTyre: 1124
ââOffensives of Zanki and John Comnenus
ââThe Second Crusade and the Ebb of Frankish Dominance
ââEgypt: A New Frontier
ââThe Rise of Saladin
ââTransjordan
5 Third Crusade
ââThe Hattin Campaign
ââIndications of Range in Western Syria and Transjordan
ââSaladinâs Conquest of Northern Palestine
ââThe First Great Siege of Acre
ââLater Sieges of the Crusade
6 Ayyubid Period
ââThe Fifth Crusade and New Latin Terminology
ââThe Sixth Crusade and War on Cyprus
ââContinued Infighting and New Arabic Terminology
ââLouis IX and the Seventh Crusade
ââThe Mongols and the War of St Sabas
7 Mamluk Period
ââBaybarsâ Early Artillery
ââIndications of Significant Power: 1271
ââThe Sultanate of Qalawun
ââThe Second Great Siege of Acre: 1291
Plates
8 Influence of Offensive Artillery
ââTheories Regarding the Influence of Artillery
ââSiege Length
ââDevelopment, Manpower and Resources
ââConcentricity
ââWall Thickness
ââEntrances
ââDressing
ââTower Shape
9 Influence of Defensive Artillery
ââGround-mounted Artillery
ââTower-mounted Artillery
ââPossible Ayyubid Artillery Towers
ââPossible Frankish Artillery Towers
ââPossible Mamluk Artillery Towers
ââOther Interpretations
Conclusion
ââDevelopment
ââEmployment
Appendix 1:âMentions of Artillery
Appendix 2:âImages and Technical Treatises
Appendix 3:âMathematical Scenarios
Appendix 4:âReconstructed Engines
Bibliography
Index
Specialists, students and all interested in medieval siege warfare and the military history of the Near East during the period of the crusades (1097-1291).