The Kurux Language: Grammar, Texts and Lexicon by Masato Kobayashi and Bablu Tirkey is a comprehensive description of Kurux, a northern Dravidian tribal language with two million speakers. Isolated in the Chota Nagpur Plateau of Eastern India, Kurux shows a unique mixture of archaic Dravidian traits and innovations induced by contact with neighboring Indo-Aryan and Munda languages, and has posed questions regarding language change and Dravidian subgrouping.
Making use of first-hand materials from their fieldwork, Kobayashi and Tirkey analyze the complexities of the language in the grammar section. This book also contains transcribed and glossed texts, and a lexicon with more than 9,000 entries, and serves both as reference for linguists and learning resource for students.
Masato Kobayashi, Ph.D. (2000), University of Pennsylvania, is Associate Professor of Linguistics at the University of Tokyo. He has worked on ancient and modern Indian languages, and is the author of Texts and Grammar of Malto (Vizianagaram, Kotoba Books, 2012).
Bablu Tirkey (1980-2015) was a Lecturer of Kurux at Doranda College, Ranchi. Firmly established in Kurux tradition, he worked on Kurux language and literature, and authored the Kurux novel Khatrka Ropnas gahi Tungul (âPoor Ropnaâs Dreamâ) (Bendora, Manas Prakashan, 2017).
List of Tables List of Figures List of Abbreviations
1 Introduction
â§â¯1âTypological Overview
â§â¯2âProfile of the Language
â§â¯3âLanguage Endangerment
â§â¯4âWriting Systems and Transcription
â§â¯5âName of the Language
â§â¯6âDialectal Variation
â§â¯7âGenetic Relationship
â§â¯8âLexicon
â§â¯9âConvergence
â§â¯10âPrevious Studies
â§â¯11âFieldwork and Materials
â§â¯12âOrganization of the Book
â§â¯13âAcknowledgment
Grammar
2 Phonology
â§â¯14âVowels
â§â¯15âVowel Length
â§â¯16âUmlaut
â§â¯17âConsonants
â§â¯18âGeminates and Singletons
â§â¯19âMetathesis and Linearity
â§â¯20âSyllable
â§â¯21âStress and Rhythm
â§â¯22âIntonation
â§â¯23âMorphophonology
â§â¯24âSound Changes up to Proto-Kurux-Malto
â§â¯25âPhonological Alternations within Kurux
â§â¯26âSummary of Historical Phonology
3 Morphology
â§â¯27âCharacteristics of Kurux Morphology
â§â¯28âParts of Speech
â§â¯29âNouns: Nominal Stems and Bases
â§â¯30âNouns: Gender
â§â¯31âNouns: Number
â§â¯32âNouns: Cases
â§â¯33âDiminutive and Augmentative
â§â¯34âCompound Nouns and Adjectives
â§â¯35âPronouns: Personal Pronouns
â§â¯36âPronouns: Reflexives
â§â¯37âPronouns: Possessives
â§â¯38âPronouns: Demonstratives
â§â¯39âPronouns: Interrogatives and Indefinites
â§â¯40âPronouns: Cases of Personal and Reflexive Pronouns
â§â¯41âPronouns: Cases of Demonstratives and Interrogatives
â§â¯42âAdpositions
â§â¯43âAgreement Suffix and Predicative Nominals
â§â¯44âAdjectives: Simple
â§â¯45âAdjectives in -taË, -iyaË, -madʰheË and -aËboË
â§â¯46âAdjectives: Suffixes Deriving Demonyms etc.
â§â¯47âNumerals and Classifiers
â§â¯48âAdverbs
â§â¯49âPreverbs
â§â¯50âVerbs
â§â¯51âVerbal Roots and Verbal Bases
â§â¯52âPast Stem and the Primary Verb Classes
â§â¯53âIrregular Verb Inflection
â§â¯54âVerb Inflection: Simple Tenses
â§â¯55âComplex Aspectual Forms: Perfect
â§â¯56âComplex Aspectual Forms: Progressive
â§â¯57âComplex Aspectual Forms: ciÊ-aË Benefactive
â§â¯58âVerb Inflection: Modal Forms
â§â¯59âVerb Inflection: Inter-Female Forms
â§â¯60âCopula and Existential Verbs
â§â¯61âCopular Clauses and Concord
â§â¯62âDerived Verbal Bases
â§â¯63âFrequentative Verbs
â§â¯64âInfinitives
â§â¯65âInflection Reduction
â§â¯66âPerfect and Imperfect Participles
â§â¯67âAgentive Participle
â§â¯68âAdverbial Participles
â§â¯69âConverb
â§â¯70âOrigin of the Kurux-Malto Past Inflection
4 Syntax and Pragmatics
â§â¯71âWord Order
â§â¯72âCoordinating Conjunctions
â§â¯73âSubordinating Conjunctions
â§â¯74âComplementizer
â§â¯75âReflexives and Logophorics
â§â¯76âRelative Clauses
â§â¯77âThe -madʰheË Construction and Adnominal PPs
â§â¯78âConditional and Counterfactual
â§â¯79âComplex Predicates
â§â¯80âVoice and Argument Alternation
â§â¯81âPassive and Grammatical Relations
â§â¯82âStative Passive Construction
â§â¯83âUse of the -aË Infinitive
â§â¯84âUse of the -naË Infinitive
â§â¯85âNon-nominative Subjects
â§â¯86âImpersonal Construction
â§â¯87âTopic and Focus
â§â¯88âPhrasal Clitics
â§â¯89âClausal Clitics
5 Semantics
â§â¯90âSpatial Deixis
â§â¯91âAnimacy, Number, Gender and Person
â§â¯92âUse of the Copular Verbs
â§â¯93âPossession
â§â¯94âQuestion
â§â¯95âDeictic Verbs
â§â¯96âDefiniteness and Differential Object Marking
â§â¯97âLexical Aspect
â§â¯98âUse of the Simple Tenses
â§â¯99âUse of the Aspectual Forms
â§â¯100âModality
â§â¯101âUse of the Causative
â§â¯102âFunction of the Passive Voice
â§â¯103âVolition or Control over the Action
â§â¯104âNegation
â§â¯105âNegative Polarity Items
â§â¯106âPoliteness
â§â¯107âUse of Cases: Nominative
â§â¯108âUse of Cases: Accusative
â§â¯109âUse of Cases: Dative
â§â¯110âUse of Cases: Instrumental-Ablative
â§â¯111âUse of Cases: Genitive
â§â¯112âUse of Cases: Locative
6 Lexicon
â§â¯113âCharacteristics of the Kurux Lexicon
â§â¯114âInherited Etyma
â§â¯115âLoanwords and Toponyms
â§â¯116âSource of Loanwords
â§â¯117âSemantic Shift, Doublets and False Friends
â§â¯118âKinship Terms
â§â¯119âPersonal Names
â§â¯120âEcho Words and Onomatopoeia
â§â¯121âInterjections
â§â¯122âEuphemistic Expression
â§â¯123âFauna and Flora
Texts
7 Glossed Texts
â§â¯124âHome Visit (Dialogue)
â§â¯125âFrom Bablu Tirkey, Poor Ropnaâs Dream (2017)
â§â¯126âSone the Vulture
â§â¯127âLife Story of a Farmer
â§â¯128âThe Bihar Famine (1966â1967) and my Father
â§â¯129âLetiya the Thief
â§â¯130âBuilding a Career
â§â¯131âKingâs Seven Daughters and a Rakshas
â§â¯132âStory of Two Orphans and the Banyan Seed
â§â¯133âSeven Brothers and a Sister
â§â¯134âStory of a Man and a Tiger
â§â¯135âMyth of Fire and Rain
â§â¯136âWhy Oraons Observe the Karam Festival
Lexicon
Bibliography Word Index General Index
All interested in Dravidian linguistics, North Dravidian hypothesis, contact-induced language change, Indian tribal folklore, and anyone learning Kurux.