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Agricultural Development in Qing China
A Quantitative Study, 1661-1911
Series: - Global Economic History Series, Volume: 14/3
- The Quantitative Economic History of China, Volume: 14/3
Author:
In Agricultural Development in Qing China: A Quantitative Study, 1661-1911 SHI Zhihong offers for the first time an overview of agricultural development in Qing China in the English language. Being by far the largest sector in one of the largest economies in the world, understanding its development is crucial not only for agricultural studies, but also to advance economic debates such as on the Great Divergence.
Combining the recent quantitative paradigm with the more traditional scholarly approach, this book uses a great number of primary sources to arrive at new and revised estimates of crucial indicators such as land acreage, crop yield, pasture, and total output. Its main conclusion is that a serious economic and social problem occurred since the mid-Qing, where agriculture was increasingly less able to feed a growing population, which was a major factor contributing to the growing crisis in the rule of the dynasty.
Combining the recent quantitative paradigm with the more traditional scholarly approach, this book uses a great number of primary sources to arrive at new and revised estimates of crucial indicators such as land acreage, crop yield, pasture, and total output. Its main conclusion is that a serious economic and social problem occurred since the mid-Qing, where agriculture was increasingly less able to feed a growing population, which was a major factor contributing to the growing crisis in the rule of the dynasty.
SHI Zhihong, gained his PhD from the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in 1988. As the author of several monographs and many articles on China's agricultural and financial history, he is currently a Senior Researcher and Professor Emeritus of the Institute of Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
Contents
List of Figures and Tables
Emperors of the Qing Dynasty
Chinese Terms
Weights and Measures Used during the Qing Dynasty
Maps of China
0 Introduction
â0.1âOrigins of this Book
â0.2âHistorical Data Used
â0.3âResearch Approach
â0.4âPrevious Studies
1 Cultivated Land Area
â1.1âWhy Official Qing Records are Not Accurate
â1.2âActual Area of Land Cultivated during the Qing Dynasty
2 Grain Production: Per Unit Yield and Total Output
â2.1âAverage Yield of Grain Crops
â2.2âTotal Output of Grain
3 Grain Output Value
â3.1âGrain Price Data Used in this Study
â3.2âValue of Grain Output in Various Periods of the Qing Dynasty
â3.3âProduction Cost and Value Added from Grain Production
4 Non-Grain Output Values and Total Agricultural Value
â4.1âCash-Crop Output Value
â4.2âOutput Value of Non-Crop-Based Agricultural Production and Gross Added Values of Overall Agriculture in the Qing Dynasty
5 Development and Underdevelopment of Agriculture in the Qing Dynasty
â5.1âThe Zenith of Traditional Agriculture in China
â5.2âLimitations of Agricultural Development in the Qing Dynasty
Appendix A: Population
Appendix B: Cultivated Area
Appendix C: Yield Per Unit Area
Appendix D: Agrarian Structure, Rural Actors and Their Interaction in the System of Agricultural Production During the Qing Dynasty: Land Ownership, Peasants, Landlords and the State
References
Index
List of Figures and Tables
Emperors of the Qing Dynasty
Chinese Terms
Weights and Measures Used during the Qing Dynasty
Maps of China
0 Introduction
â0.1âOrigins of this Book
â0.2âHistorical Data Used
â0.3âResearch Approach
â0.4âPrevious Studies
1 Cultivated Land Area
â1.1âWhy Official Qing Records are Not Accurate
â1.2âActual Area of Land Cultivated during the Qing Dynasty
2 Grain Production: Per Unit Yield and Total Output
â2.1âAverage Yield of Grain Crops
â2.2âTotal Output of Grain
3 Grain Output Value
â3.1âGrain Price Data Used in this Study
â3.2âValue of Grain Output in Various Periods of the Qing Dynasty
â3.3âProduction Cost and Value Added from Grain Production
4 Non-Grain Output Values and Total Agricultural Value
â4.1âCash-Crop Output Value
â4.2âOutput Value of Non-Crop-Based Agricultural Production and Gross Added Values of Overall Agriculture in the Qing Dynasty
5 Development and Underdevelopment of Agriculture in the Qing Dynasty
â5.1âThe Zenith of Traditional Agriculture in China
â5.2âLimitations of Agricultural Development in the Qing Dynasty
Appendix A: Population
Appendix B: Cultivated Area
Appendix C: Yield Per Unit Area
Appendix D: Agrarian Structure, Rural Actors and Their Interaction in the System of Agricultural Production During the Qing Dynasty: Land Ownership, Peasants, Landlords and the State
References
Index
All interested in the history of the Qing dynasty of China, and anyone interested in agricultural developments.