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The Language Environment of First Century Judaea
Jerusalem Studies in the Synoptic GospelsâVolume Two
Series: - Jewish and Christian Perspectives Series, Volume: 26
The articles in this collection demonstrate that a change is taking place in New Testament studies. Throughout the twentieth century, New Testament scholarship primarily worked under the assumption that only two languages, Aramaic and Greek, were in common use in the land of Israel in the first century. The current contributors investigate various areas where increasing linguistic data and changing perspectives have moved Hebrew out of a restricted, marginal status within first-century language use and the impact on New Testament studies. Five articles relate to the general sociolinguistic situation in the land of Israel during the first century, while three articles present literary studies that interact with the language background. The final three contributions demonstrate the impact this new understanding has on the reading of Gospel texts.
Randall Buth is director of the Biblical Language Center and chairman of the Jerusalem School of Synoptic Research, Israel. From 1977 to 1996 he lived in Africa and served as a translator and translation consultant with Wycliffe Bible Translators, and as a translation consultant with the United Bible Societies. Buth is the author of Living Biblical Hebrew and Living Koine Greek.
R. Steven Notley is Distinguished Professor of New Testament and Christian Origins at the New York City Campus of Nyack College. He has published many books and articles, including with Anson F. Rainey, The Sacred Bridge: Carta's Atlas of the Biblical World (Carta 2005), with David Flusser, The Sage from Galilee (Eerdmans, 2007), with Ze'ev Safrai, Parables of the Sages (Carta, 2011).
R. Steven Notley is Distinguished Professor of New Testament and Christian Origins at the New York City Campus of Nyack College. He has published many books and articles, including with Anson F. Rainey, The Sacred Bridge: Carta's Atlas of the Biblical World (Carta 2005), with David Flusser, The Sage from Galilee (Eerdmans, 2007), with Ze'ev Safrai, Parables of the Sages (Carta, 2011).
"[The] collective aim of the authors, to more thoroughly document Hebrew as a living language alongside Aramaic in Second Temple Palestine, has clearly succeeded. [...] This collection of essays should be on the reference shelf and within easy reach of all serious students of the gospels who attempt to encounter the linguistic landscape of first-century Palestine." â Steven Thompson, Avondale College of Higher Education, Cooranbong, Australia, in: RBL 05/2016
Introduction: Language Issues Are Important for Gospel Studies
Sociolinguistic Issues In a Trilingual Framework
1. Guido Baltes, âThe Origins of the âExclusive Aramaic Model.â
2. Guido Baltes, âThe Use of Hebrew and Aramaic.â
3. Randall Buth and Chad T. Pierce, âHebraistiâ
4. Marc Turnage, âThe Linguistic Ethos of Galileeâ
5. Serge Ruzer, âSyriac Authorsâ
Literary Issues In a Trilingual Framework
6. Daniel A. Machiela, âHebrew, Aramaic Translationâ
7. Randall Buth, âDistinguishing Hebrew from Aramaic.â
8. R. Steven Notley, âNon-LXXismsâ
Reading Gospel Texts in a Trilingual Framework
9. R. Steven Notley and Jeffrey P. Garcia âHebrew-Only Exegesisâ
10. David N. Bivin, âPetros, Petraâ
11. Randall Buth, âThe Riddleâ
Sociolinguistic Issues In a Trilingual Framework
1. Guido Baltes, âThe Origins of the âExclusive Aramaic Model.â
2. Guido Baltes, âThe Use of Hebrew and Aramaic.â
3. Randall Buth and Chad T. Pierce, âHebraistiâ
4. Marc Turnage, âThe Linguistic Ethos of Galileeâ
5. Serge Ruzer, âSyriac Authorsâ
Literary Issues In a Trilingual Framework
6. Daniel A. Machiela, âHebrew, Aramaic Translationâ
7. Randall Buth, âDistinguishing Hebrew from Aramaic.â
8. R. Steven Notley, âNon-LXXismsâ
Reading Gospel Texts in a Trilingual Framework
9. R. Steven Notley and Jeffrey P. Garcia âHebrew-Only Exegesisâ
10. David N. Bivin, âPetros, Petraâ
11. Randall Buth, âThe Riddleâ
Scholars and students of the New Testament, the Historical Jesus and Judaism in Roman Antiquity with a particular focus in the language environment of these subjects will be interested in the conclusions of the Language Environment of First Century Judea.