To Paul the traditions from and about Jesus had authority similar to that of the Scriptures: a logion or story served as text for paraphrastic expositions. Such expositions are also seen in John's Gospel. - It is insufficient to discuss 'John and the Synoptics'. A better scope is 'John within early gospel traditions'.- Paul and Philo maintain a cosmic understanding of Jesus and the Jewish people, respectively. Correspondingly, Jesus is seen in cosmological perspective in John's Prologue. Philo illuminates the role of God's logos relative to creation and revelation. - Archaeology testifies to the reliability of John's topographical references. Both John and Philo can combine theological and ideological elaborations with specific geographical references, historical events and religious feasts. The study has brought in material and perspectives which strengthen the view that the Gospel of John was independent of the other three written gospels.
Peder Borgen, Ph.D.(1956), Dr.Theol. (1966), The University of Trondheim, Norway. Professor of the New Testament and Hellenistic Judaism. He has published monographs and articles, including Bread from Heaven (Brill 1965) and Philo of Alexandria, an Exegete for His Time (Brill 1997) .
1. The Scriptures and the Words and Works of Jesus.
Response by M. Labahn
2. Debates on Expository Method and Form
B. John, Philo, Paul and the Hellenistic World
3. The Gospel of John and Philo of Alexandria
4. Gospel Traditions in Paul and John. Methods and Structures
5. The Gospel of John and Hellenism
C. From John and the Synoptics to John Within Early Gospel Traditions
6. John and the Synoptics in the Passion Narrative
7. John and the Synoptic Gospels
8. The Independence of the Gospel of John. Some Observations
D. Godâs Agent in Johannine Exposition
9. Godâs Agent in the Fourth Gospel
10. The Sabbath Controversy in John 5:1â18 and Analogous Controversy Reflected in Philoâs Writings
11. Observations on Godâs Agent and Agency in Johnâs Gospel Chapters 5â10. Agency and the Quest for the Historical Jesus
12. âJohn the Witnessâ and the Prologue: John 1:1â34
E. Challenge and Response
13. Can Philoâs In Flaccum and Legatio ad Gaium Be of Help?
14. The Accusation of Blasphemy and the Appearance to Thomas
15. Summary: John, Archaeology, Philo, Paul, other Jewish Sources. Johnâs Independence of the Synoptics. Where My Journey of Research Has Led Me
Biblical scholars with an interest in the expository character of the Gospel of John and of Philo of Alexandria's writings, and advanced students of early Christianity and Hellenistic Judaism.