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Reporting Discourse, Tense and Cognition
Author:
Reporting discourse has attracted rigorous analyses in linguistics, literary theory, cognitive psychology, sociology and ethnomethodology. This book provides analyses of controversial topics in reporting discourse like tense alternation, reporting styles, patterns and functions. After critically examining existing theories, Tomoko I. Sakita offers new theoretical perspectives and empirical analyses within the scope of actual language performance. Her analysis covers tenses that previous studies have neglected or have considered "ungrammatical" or "mistaken". Based on models of cognitive recollection and stream of consciousness, tense reveals cognitive, attitudinal and consciousness state markers in complex reporting processes, as well as identity, speaker psychology, and deictic relations, embedded in discourse and narrative contexts. A synthesis of discourse analysis and experiments on reporting style, structure and functions leads to formulating a new reporting discourse continuum. Reporting discourses emerge as rule-governed, goal-directed, purposeful strategic devices in communication. Sakita shows reporting discourse to be an integral whole formed by speakers' constant interpretations and choices at different stages of information processing, with close interactions among cognitive constraints, discourse organization, contextual information, and communicative purposes. She deepens our insights into the operation of language and cognition, as well as into communication systems and social dynamics, ultimately leading to a better understanding of human behaviour. This should be a useful work not only for linguists and literary specialists but also for readers with serious interest in human reporting behaviour and narrative, or in the dynamic aspects of cognitive operation.
Summary of contrasts
Weak vs. strong attitude
Degrees of assuredness in I don't know
Degrees of firmness in negation and affirmation
Degrees of upset in exclamation
Summary of contrasts
Conclusion
Consciousness Flow, Discourse Acts, and Tense
Overview
Discourse organization units
Consciousness flow in discourse
Consciousness flow in narrative dialogues
Consciousness flow in exchanges
Adjacency pair
Three-part exchange
Consciousness flow over a series of remarks
In a single speaker's speech
Over a series of remarks
Consciousness flow in repetition of dialogue-introducers
Pre-posing double dialogue-introducers
Post-posing dialogue-introducers
At restatements
Conclusion
Tense in Indirect Reporting Discourse
Overview
Treatments of tense in grammar
Pragmatic view
Declerck's hypothesis
Tense in discourse
Prevalence of speaker's viewpoint
Avoidance of the past perfect tense
Discourse functional use of the past perfect tense
Reporting clause as dialogue marker
Conclusion
Reporting Discourse Style and Function
Overview
General characterizations of reporting discourse style and function
Theoretical backgrounds
Pragmatic studies
Reporting style and structure
Overview
Preliminary study
Experimental study
Method
Data analysis procedures
Results
Backgrounds of structural influence on style choice
Summary
Reporting function and pattern
Overview
Method
Reporting discourse functions
Evidentiality
Disagreement and persuasion
Response
Foreground and background information
Showing climaxes or punch-lines
Exemplification and demonstration of emotion
Dramatization
Dramatizing imaginary and future events
Dramatizing archetypical events
Summary
Correlations between style and function
Reporting discourse on continuum
Style and function along a continuum.
Conclusion
Conclusion
Summary of chapters
Theoretical implications
Future perspectives
Notes
Transcription Conventions
References
Author Index
Subject Index.
Weak vs. strong attitude
Degrees of assuredness in I don't know
Degrees of firmness in negation and affirmation
Degrees of upset in exclamation
Summary of contrasts
Conclusion
Consciousness Flow, Discourse Acts, and Tense
Overview
Discourse organization units
Consciousness flow in discourse
Consciousness flow in narrative dialogues
Consciousness flow in exchanges
Adjacency pair
Three-part exchange
Consciousness flow over a series of remarks
In a single speaker's speech
Over a series of remarks
Consciousness flow in repetition of dialogue-introducers
Pre-posing double dialogue-introducers
Post-posing dialogue-introducers
At restatements
Conclusion
Tense in Indirect Reporting Discourse
Overview
Treatments of tense in grammar
Pragmatic view
Declerck's hypothesis
Tense in discourse
Prevalence of speaker's viewpoint
Avoidance of the past perfect tense
Discourse functional use of the past perfect tense
Reporting clause as dialogue marker
Conclusion
Reporting Discourse Style and Function
Overview
General characterizations of reporting discourse style and function
Theoretical backgrounds
Pragmatic studies
Reporting style and structure
Overview
Preliminary study
Experimental study
Method
Data analysis procedures
Results
Backgrounds of structural influence on style choice
Summary
Reporting function and pattern
Overview
Method
Reporting discourse functions
Evidentiality
Disagreement and persuasion
Response
Foreground and background information
Showing climaxes or punch-lines
Exemplification and demonstration of emotion
Dramatization
Dramatizing imaginary and future events
Dramatizing archetypical events
Summary
Correlations between style and function
Reporting discourse on continuum
Style and function along a continuum.
Conclusion
Conclusion
Summary of chapters
Theoretical implications
Future perspectives
Notes
Transcription Conventions
References
Author Index
Subject Index.