Mycotoxins as antagonistic or supporting agents in the interaction between phytopathogenicFusarium andAlternaria fungi
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The role of mycotoxins in the microbial competition in an ecosystem or on the same host plant is still unclear. Therefore, a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the influence of mycotoxins on growth and mycotoxin production ofFusarium andAlternaria fungi.Fusarium culmorum Fc13,Fusarium graminearum Fg23 and twoAlternaria tenuissima isolates (At18 and At220) were incubated on wheat kernels supplemented with alternariol (AOH), tetramic acid derivates (TeA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) in anin vitro test system. Fungal biomass was quantified by determining ergosterol content. ThreeFusarium toxins (DON, nivalenol and ZEA) and threeAlternaria toxins (AOH, alternariol methyl ether (AME) and altenuene) were analysed by HPLC-MS/MS. IfAlternaria strains grew in wheat kernels spiked withFusarium mycotoxins, their growth rates were moderately increased, their AOH and AME production was enhanced and they were simultaneously capable of degrading theFusarium mycotoxins DON and ZEA. In contrast, bothFusarium strains behaved quite differently. The growth rate of Fc13 was not distinctly influenced, while Fg23 increased its growth in wheat kernels spiked with AOH. TeA depressed the ergosterol content in Fc13 as well as in Fg23. The DON production of Fc13 was slightly depressed, whereas the ZEA production was significantly increased. In contrast, Fg23 restricted its ZEA production. BothFusarium strains were not capable of degrading theAlternaria mycotoxin AOH. Mycotoxins might play an important role in the interfungal competitive processes. They influence growth rates and mycotoxin production of the antagonistic combatants. The observed effects between phytopathogenicAlternaria andFusarium strains and their mycotoxins aid the understanding of the complexity of microbial competitive behaviour in natural environments.
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Mycotoxins as antagonistic or supporting agents in the interaction between phytopathogenicFusarium andAlternaria fungi
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PubMed
The role of mycotoxins in the microbial competition in an ecosystem or on the same host plant is still unclear. Therefore, a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the influence of mycotoxins on growth and mycotoxin production ofFusarium andAlternaria fungi.Fusarium culmorum Fc13,Fusarium graminearum Fg23 and twoAlternaria tenuissima isolates (At18 and At220) were incubated on wheat kernels supplemented with alternariol (AOH), tetramic acid derivates (TeA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) in anin vitro test system. Fungal biomass was quantified by determining ergosterol content. ThreeFusarium toxins (DON, nivalenol and ZEA) and threeAlternaria toxins (AOH, alternariol methyl ether (AME) and altenuene) were analysed by HPLC-MS/MS. IfAlternaria strains grew in wheat kernels spiked withFusarium mycotoxins, their growth rates were moderately increased, their AOH and AME production was enhanced and they were simultaneously capable of degrading theFusarium mycotoxins DON and ZEA. In contrast, bothFusarium strains behaved quite differently. The growth rate of Fc13 was not distinctly influenced, while Fg23 increased its growth in wheat kernels spiked with AOH. TeA depressed the ergosterol content in Fc13 as well as in Fg23. The DON production of Fc13 was slightly depressed, whereas the ZEA production was significantly increased. In contrast, Fg23 restricted its ZEA production. BothFusarium strains were not capable of degrading theAlternaria mycotoxin AOH. Mycotoxins might play an important role in the interfungal competitive processes. They influence growth rates and mycotoxin production of the antagonistic combatants. The observed effects between phytopathogenicAlternaria andFusarium strains and their mycotoxins aid the understanding of the complexity of microbial competitive behaviour in natural environments.
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