Determination of T-2/HT-2 toxins in duplicate diets in the Netherlands by GC-MS/MS: method development and estimation of human exposure
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T-2 and HT-2 toxins (T-2 and HT-2) are important trichothecenes. They have been subject of formal risk assessment by various organisations, including the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The EFSA CONTAM Panel recently established a group Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) of 100 ng/kg body weight/day for the sum of T-2 and HT-2. To assess the actual dietary exposure of Dutch consumers to T-2 and HT-2 a study was conducted in the Netherlands, in which duplicate portions of 24-h diets collected in 2011 were investigated for these toxins. This collection comprised 128 duplicate diets of the adult segment of the Dutch population, divided over a spring and autumn collection period. The diets in the study were homogenised and processed to lyophilised powders. Aliquots of every two of the samples were pooled to test portions that were analysed with a method, based on immunoaffinity chromatography clean-up in combination with GC-MS/MS determination. The method had a limit of quantification of 0.01 ?g/kg original non-lyophilised diet for both T-2 and HT-2. Recoveries ranged from 92-114% for T-2 and from 71-106% for HT-2, determined at levels of addition ranging from 0.1-0.3 ?g/kg. In practically all samples investigated, numerical values for the concentrations of T-2 and HT-2 could be obtained. Exposure estimates of the sum of T-2 and HT-2 in the 2011 study ranged from non-detectable to 18.6 ng/kg body weight/day. In addition limited sets of pooled samples of duplicate diets retained from collections in the period 1976-2004 were analysed for T-2 and HT-2. In all samples the mean and individual intakes of the sum of T-2 and HT-2 of the respondents were below the group TDI of the EFSA CONTAM Panel. From this study it was concluded that no health risks are expected from current exposure of adult Dutch consumers to T-2 and HT-2.
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Bakker, G.J.I., Sizoo, E.A., Jekel, A.A., Pereboom-De Fauw, D.P.K.H.., Schothorst, R.C. and Van Egmond, H.P., 2009. Determination of mean daily intakes of aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin M1, ochratoxin A, trichothecenes and fumonisins in 24-hour diets of children in the Netherlands. World Mycotoxin Journal 2: 451-459.
'Determination of mean daily intakes of aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin M1, ochratoxin A, trichothecenes and fumonisins in 24-hour diets of children in the Netherlands ' () 2 World Mycotoxin Journal : 451 -459.
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Dohnal, V., Jezkova, A., Jun, D. and Kuca, K., 2008. Metabolic pathways of T-2 toxin. Current Drug Metabolism 9: 77-82.
'Metabolic pathways of T-2 toxin ' () 9 Current Drug Metabolism : 77 -82.
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European Commission (EC), 2013. Commission Recommendation no. 2013/165 of 27 March 2013 on the presence of T-2 and HT-2 toxin in cereals and cereal products. Official Journal of the European Union L91: 12-14.
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European Food Safety Authority â Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (EFSA CONTAM), 2011. Scientific opinion on the risks for animal and public health related to the presence of T-2 and HT-2 toxin in food and feed. EFSA Journal 9: 2481-2668.
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Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/ WHO), 2001. Safety evaluation of certain mycotoxins in food. T-2 and HT-2 toxins. Prepared by the Fifty-sixth meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). WHO Food Additives Series 47. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 557-680.
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Jekel, A.A., De Rijk, T.C. and Van Egmond, H.P., 2011. Analytical aspects of the monitoring of the occurrence of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in Dutch food by duplicate diet collection in the period 1976-2006. In; Abstract book 33rd Mycotoxin Workshop, 30 May-1 June, 2011, Freising, Germany, abstract 62.
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Scientific Committee for Food (SCF), 2001. Opinion of the scientific committee for food onFusarium toxins part 5: T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin, adopted on 30 May 2001. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out88_en.pdf.http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out88_en.pdf
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Sizoo, E.A., Sizoo, E.A. and Van Egmond, H.P., 2005. Analysis of duplicate 24-hour diet samples for aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A. Food Additives and Contaminants 22: 163-172.
'Analysis of duplicate 24-hour diet samples for aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A ' () 22 Food Additives and Contaminants : 163 -172.
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Vaessen, H.A.M.G. and Schothorst, R.C., 1999. The oral nitrate and nitrite intake in the Netherlands: evaluation of the results obtained by HPLC analysis of duplicate 24-hour diet samples collected in 1994. Food Additives and Contaminants 16: 181-188.
'The oral nitrate and nitrite intake in the Netherlands: evaluation of the results obtained by HPLC analysis of duplicate 24-hour diet samples collected in 1994 ' () 16 Food Additives and Contaminants : 181 -188.
| å ¨é¨æé´ | è¿å»ä¸å¹´ | è¿å»30天 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| æè¦æµè§æ¬¡æ° | 174 | 49 | 6 |
| å ¨ææµè§æ¬¡æ° | 29 | 2 | 0 |
| PDFä¸è½½æ¬¡æ° | 10 | 0 | 0 |
Determination of T-2/HT-2 toxins in duplicate diets in the Netherlands by GC-MS/MS: method development and estimation of human exposure
äºWorld Mycotoxin JournalSearch for other papers by A.A. Jekel in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by H.P. van Egmond in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
T-2 and HT-2 toxins (T-2 and HT-2) are important trichothecenes. They have been subject of formal risk assessment by various organisations, including the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The EFSA CONTAM Panel recently established a group Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) of 100 ng/kg body weight/day for the sum of T-2 and HT-2. To assess the actual dietary exposure of Dutch consumers to T-2 and HT-2 a study was conducted in the Netherlands, in which duplicate portions of 24-h diets collected in 2011 were investigated for these toxins. This collection comprised 128 duplicate diets of the adult segment of the Dutch population, divided over a spring and autumn collection period. The diets in the study were homogenised and processed to lyophilised powders. Aliquots of every two of the samples were pooled to test portions that were analysed with a method, based on immunoaffinity chromatography clean-up in combination with GC-MS/MS determination. The method had a limit of quantification of 0.01 ?g/kg original non-lyophilised diet for both T-2 and HT-2. Recoveries ranged from 92-114% for T-2 and from 71-106% for HT-2, determined at levels of addition ranging from 0.1-0.3 ?g/kg. In practically all samples investigated, numerical values for the concentrations of T-2 and HT-2 could be obtained. Exposure estimates of the sum of T-2 and HT-2 in the 2011 study ranged from non-detectable to 18.6 ng/kg body weight/day. In addition limited sets of pooled samples of duplicate diets retained from collections in the period 1976-2004 were analysed for T-2 and HT-2. In all samples the mean and individual intakes of the sum of T-2 and HT-2 of the respondents were below the group TDI of the EFSA CONTAM Panel. From this study it was concluded that no health risks are expected from current exposure of adult Dutch consumers to T-2 and HT-2.
| å ¨é¨æé´ | è¿å»ä¸å¹´ | è¿å»30天 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| æè¦æµè§æ¬¡æ° | 174 | 49 | 6 |
| å ¨ææµè§æ¬¡æ° | 29 | 2 | 0 |
| PDFä¸è½½æ¬¡æ° | 10 | 0 | 0 |
