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Mycotoxins content and its association with changing patterns ofFusarium pathogens in wheat in the Czech Republic

于World Mycotoxin Journal
著者:
T. Sumíková Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.

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J. Chrpová Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.

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Z. Džuman Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.

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J. Salava Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.

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L. Štěrbová Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.

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J. Palicová Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.

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P. Slavíková Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.

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M. Stránská-Zachariášová Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.

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J. Hajšlová Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.

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Mycotoxin content in 244 samples of wheat ears randomly collected during 2014 and 2015 from various localities in the Czech Republic was analysed using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Mean mycotoxin concentration in 2014 was highest for deoxynivalenol (DON; 760 μg/kg), followed by zearalenone (ZEA; 115 μg/kg), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON; 88 μg/kg), deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (83 μg/kg), and enniatins (ENNs; 102 μg/kg). In 2015, DON (66 μg/kg) also had the highest concentration level, followed by ENNs (35 μg/kg), nivalenol (2 μg/kg), and beauvericin (2 μg/kg). The maximum limit for DON in the European Union (1,250 μg/kg) was exceeded in 2% of samples, and the maximum limit for ZEA (100 μg/kg) was exceeded in 0.8% of samples.Fusarium species causing head blight were identified using PCR assays. During 2014-2015,Fusarium poae considerably dominated (48.7% average value of occurrence in the samples). Other species were detected in much lower frequencies in both years:Fusarium graminearum (average frequency of occurrence 13.7%),Fusarium avenaceum (11.9%),Fusarium culmorum (4.2%), andFusarium equiseti (2.9%).Fusarium langsethiae was identified only in 2015, at a frequency of 10.2%, andFusarium sporotrichioides was present only sporadically in 2014.

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