From AshÊ¿arism to waḥda muá¹laqa in AndalusÄ« Sufism: A Survey of Historical Sources on the ShÅ«dhiyya
äºStudia IslamicaSearch for other papers by José Bellver in
Current site
Google Scholar
Abstract
The ShÅ«dhiyya is a Sufi strand that flourished in the south-east region of al-Andalus, particularly in the area of Murcia, in the late 6th/12th century until the second half of the 7th/13th century. It thus extended from the second half of the Almohad period to the early Naá¹£rid period. The ShÅ«dhiyya is named after the enigmatic figure, al-ShÅ«dhÄ« (fl. 6th/12th c.), a Sufi saint linked to Tlemcen. Nevertheless, the two main figures of the ShÅ«dhiyya were the theologians and Sufis, Ibn al-Marʾa (d. 611/1214) and Ibn AḥlÄ (d. 645/1247). Faced with the advance of Christian forces in the region of Murcia, ShÅ«dhÄ«s relocated to the nascent kingdom of Granada and to the central Islamicate world where, as followers of Ibn SabÊ¿Ä«n (d. 669/1270), they were known as the SabÊ¿Ä«niyya. The ShÅ«dhiyya flourished in al-Andalus at roughly the same time that Ibn Ê¿ArabÄ« (d. 638/1240) lived in al-Andalus. And, like Ibn Ê¿ArabÄ«, the ShÅ«dhiyya ultimately came to be known for espousing the unity of existence although in a more radical, absolute way. Even though intellectual Sufism in al-Andalus is mostly associated with Ibn Ê¿ArabÄ«, his actual influence on his contemporaries in al-Andalus was rather scarce as he emigrated in his thirties to the East where he wrote his main works. However, in the field of intellectual Sufism, the ShÅ«dhiyya was far more influential in al-Andalus than Ibn Ê¿ArabÄ«. Nevertheless, since the main representatives of the AndalusÄ« ShÅ«dhiyya did not relocate to the East, their works were not widely disseminated across the eastern and central Islamicate world and, consequently, except for Ibn al-Marʾa, most of their works are not known to be extant. Thus, the main witnesses are biographical and polemical literature. Despite the historical and intellectual relevance of the ShÅ«dhiyya for the social, political and intellectual history of al-Andalus, only Massignon has devoted some attention to this Sufi strand. In this article the available sources on the ShÅ«dhiyya in al-Andalus are surveyed and contextualized.
Résumé
La ShÅ«dhiyya est un courant soufi qui sâest épanoui dans la région sud-est dâal-Andalus, notamment dans la région de Murcie, de la fin du 6e/12e siècle jusquâà la seconde moitié du 7e/13e siècle. Elle sâétend donc de la seconde moitié de la période almohade au début de la période Naá¹£rid. La ShÅ«dhiyya doit son nom à un personnage énigmatique, al-ShÅ«dhÄ« (fl. 6e/12e s.), un saint soufi lié à Tlemcen. Néanmoins, les deux principales figures de la ShÅ«dhiyya sont les théologiens et soufis, Ibn al-Marʾa (m. 611/1214) et Ibn AḥlÄ (m. 645/1247). Face à lâavancée des forces chrétiennes dans la région de Murcie, les ShÅ«dhÄ«s se réinstallèrent dans le royaume naissant de Grenade et dans le centre du monde islamique où, en tant que disciples dâIbn SabÊ¿Ä«n (m. 669/1270), ils furent connus sous le nom de SabÊ¿Ä«niyya. Les ShÅ«dhiyya ont prospéré en al-Andalus à peu près à la même époque où Ibn Ê¿ArabÄ« (m. 638/1240) vivait en al-Andalus. Et, comme Ibn Ê¿ArabÄ«, les ShÅ«dhiyya finirent par être connus pour avoir épousé lâunité de lâexistence, bien que dâune manière plus radicale et absolue. Même si le soufisme intellectuel en al-Andalus est surtout associé à Ibn Ê¿ArabÄ«, son influence réelle sur ses contemporains en al-Andalus fut plutôt rare, car il émigra à la trentaine vers lâOrient où il écrivit ses principales Åuvres. Cependant, dans le domaine du soufisme intellectuel, la ShÅ«dhiyya fut bien plus influente en al-Andalus quâIbn Ê¿ArabÄ«. Néanmoins, comme les principaux représentants de la ShÅ«dhiyya andalouse ne se sont pas délocalisés en Orient, leurs Åuvres nâont pas été largement diffusées dans le monde islamique oriental et central et, par conséquent, à lâexception dâIbn al-Marʾa, la plupart de leurs Åuvres ne sont pas connues. Ainsi, les principales sources sont la littérature biographique et polémique. Malgré lâimportance historique et intellectuelle des ShÅ«dhiyya pour lâhistoire sociale, politique et intellectuelle dâal-Andalus, seul Massignon a consacré une certaine attention à ce courant soufi. Dans cet article, les sources disponibles sur la ShÅ«dhiyya en al-Andalus sont passées en revue et contextualisées.
Purchase
Buy instant access (PDF download and unlimited online access):
Institutional Login
Log in with Open Athens, Shibboleth, or your institutional credentials
Personal login
Log in with your brill.com account
-
AbÅ« ḤayyÄn al-GharnÄá¹Ä«, AthÄ«r al-DÄ«n Muḥammad b. YÅ«suf. TafsÄ«r al-Baḥr al-muḥīá¹, edited by Ê¿AÌdil AhÌ£mad Ê¿Abd al-MawjuÌd, Ê¿AliÌ MuhÌ£ammad MuÊ¿awwadÌ£, ZakariÌyaÌ Ê¿Abd al-MajiÌd al-NuÌtiÌ, and AhÌ£mad al-NajuÌliÌ Jamal, 8 vols. Beirut: DÄr al-kutub al-Ê¿ilmiyya, 1993.
-
Al-BÄdisÄ«, Ê¿Abd al-Ḥaqq. Al-Maqá¹£ad al-sharÄ«f wa-l-manzaÊ¿ al-laá¹Ä«f fÄ« al-taÊ¿rÄ«f bi-á¹£ulaḥÄʾ al-RÄ«f, edited by SaÊ¿Ä«d AÊ¿rÄb. Rabat: al-Maá¹baÊ¿a al-malikiyya, 1993.
-
Al-BalyÄnÄ«, Awḥad al-DÄ«n. Epitre sur lâUnicité Absolue. Présentation et traduction par Michel Chodkiewicz. Paris: Les deux océans, 1982.
-
Al-DhahabÄ«, Shams al-DÄ«n Muḥammad. Siyar aÊ¿lÄm al-nubalÄʾ, edited by ShuÊ¿ayb al-ArnÄʾūá¹, 25 vols. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-risÄla, 1982-1993.
-
Al-DhahabÄ«, Shams al-DÄ«n Muḥammad. TaʾrÄ«kh al-islÄm wa-wafayÄt al-mashÄhÄ«r wa-l-aÊ¿lÄm, ed. Ê¿Umar Ê¿Abd al-SalÄm al-TadmurÄ«, 53 vols. Beirut: DÄr al-kitÄb al-Ê¿arabÄ«, 1990-2000.
-
Al-FÄsÄ«, TaqÄ« l-DÄ«n Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-MakkÄ«. Al-Ê¿Iqd al-thamÄ«n fÄ« taʾrÄ«kh al-balad al-amÄ«n, edited by Muḥammad ḤÄmid al-FiqÄ« (vol. I), FuʾÄd Sayyid (vols. II-VII) and MaḥmÅ«d Muḥammad al-ṬanÄḥī (vol. VIII), 8 vols. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-risÄla, 1986.
-
Al-FÄsÄ«, TaqÄ« l-DÄ«n Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-MakkÄ«. Dhayl al-taqyÄ«d fÄ« ruwwÄt al-sunan wa-l-masÄnÄ«d, edited by KamÄl YÅ«suf al-Ḥūt, 2 vols. Beirut: DÄr al-kutub al-Ê¿ilmiyya, 1990.
-
Al-GhubrÄ«nÄ«, AbÅ« al-Ê¿AbbÄs Aḥmad. Ê¿UnwÄn al-dirÄya, edited by Ê¿Ädil Nuwayhiá¸. Beirut: ManshÅ«rÄt DÄr al-afÄq al-jadÄ«da, 1979.
-
Ibn al-AbbÄr, AbÅ« Ê¿Abd AllÄh Muḥammad. Al-Ḥulla al-siyarÄʾ, edited by Ḥusayn Muʾnis, 2 vols., Cairo: DÄr al-maÊ¿Ärif, 1963.
-
Ibn al-AbbÄr, AbÅ« Ê¿Abd AllÄh Muḥammad. Al-Takmila li-kitÄb al-á¹¢ila, edited by Ê¿Abd al-SalÄm al-HarrÄs, 4 vols. Beirut: DÄr al-fikr, 1995.
-
Ibn Ê¿Abd al-Malik al-MarrÄkushÄ«. Al-Dhayl wa-l-takmila li-kitÄbay al-Mawṣūl wa-l-á¹¢ila, edited by M. b. SharÄ«fa and I. Ê¿AbbÄs, 5 vols. (I, IV, V, VI, VIII). Beirut: DÄr al-thaqÄfa, n.d. â 1984.
-
Ibn AbÄ« Ḥajala, Aḥmad b. YaḥyÄ. á¹¢arÄʾiḥ al-naá¹£Äʾiḥ wa-tamyÄ«z al-á¹£Äliḥ min al-á¹Äliḥ, edited by AbuÌ Ê¿Abd AllaÌh Ê¿Izzat Ê¿Abd al-RahÌ£maÌn al-SalafiÌ al-Mutaá¹abbib. Beirut: DÄr al-kutub al-Ê¿ilmiyya, 2003.
-
Ibn AbÄ« Ḥajala, Aḥmad b. YaḥyÄ. Ghayth al-Ê¿ÄriḠfÄ« muÊ¿Äraá¸at Ibn al-FÄriá¸, edited by MujÄhid Muá¹£á¹afÄ Bahjat. Damascus: DÄr al-qalam, 2018.
-
Ibn AbÄ« Uá¹£aybiÊ¿a, AbÅ« l-Ê¿AbbÄs Aḥmad. Ê¿UyÅ«n al-anbÄʾ fÄ« á¹abaqÄt al-aá¹ibbÄʾ, edited by Müller, 2 vols. Cairo: Al-Maá¹baÊ¿a al-Wahbiyya, 1882 (reprint Frankfurt, Publications of the Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science, 1995).
-
Ibn Ê¿ArabÄ«, Muḥammad b. Ê¿AlÄ«. Al-FutūḥÄt al-makkiyya, 4 vols. Cairo: DÄr al-kutub al-Ê¿arabiyya al-kubrÄ, 1329/1911.
-
Ibn al-Ê¿ArÄ«f, AbÅ« l-Ê¿AbbÄs Aḥmad. MaḥÄsin al-majÄlis. Texte Arabe, traduction et commentaire par M. AsÃn Palacios. Paris: Paul Geuthner, 1933.
-
Ibn Farḥūn, BurhÄn al-DÄ«n IbrÄhÄ«m b. Ê¿AlÄ«. Al-DÄ«bÄj al-mudhhab fÄ« maÊ¿rifa aÊ¿yÄn Ê¿ulamÄʾ al-madhhab, edited by Muḥammad al-AḥmadÄ« AbÅ« l-NÅ«r. Cairo: DÄr al-turÄth, n.d.
-
Ibn Ḥajar al-Ê¿AsqalÄnÄ«, ShihÄb al-DÄ«n Aḥmad. Al-Durar al-kÄmina fÄ« aÊ¿yÄn al-miʾa al-thÄmina, 4 vols., Hyderabad: DÄʾyra al-maÊ¿Ärif al-Ê¿uthmÄniyya, 1349H.
-
Ibn al-Ê¿ImÄd, ShihÄb al-DÄ«n Ê¿Abd al-Ḥayy b. Aḥmad. ShadharÄt al-dhahab fÄ« akhbÄr man dhahab, edited by Ê¿Abd al-QÄdir al-ArnÄʾūá¹, MaḥmÅ«d al-ArnÄʾūṠet al., 10 vols. Beirut and Damascus: DÄr Ibn KathÄ«r, 1986-1993.
-
Ibn KhaldÅ«n, AbÅ« Zayd Ê¿Abd al-RaḥmÄn. Al-TaÊ¿rÄ«f bi-Ibn KhaldÅ«n wa-riḥlatihi gharban wa-sharqan. Beirut: DÄr al-kitÄb al-lubnÄnÄ« li-l-á¹ibÄÊ¿a wa-l-nashr, 1979.
-
Ibn KhaldÅ«n, AbÅ« Zayd Ê¿Abd al-RaḥmÄn. The Muqaddimah. An Introduction to History, translated by Franz Rosenthal, 3 vols. New York: Pantheon Books, 1958.
-
Ibn KhaldÅ«n, AbÅ« Zayd Ê¿Abd al-RaḥmÄn. ShifÄʾ al-sÄʾil wa-tahdhÄ«b al-masÄʾil, edited by Muḥammad Muá¹Ä«Ê¿ al-ḤÄfiáº. Damascus: DÄr al-fikr, 1996.
-
Ibn KhaldÅ«n, AbÅ« Zayd Ê¿Abd al-RaḥmÄn. Muqaddimat Ibn KhaldÅ«n, edited by Ê¿Abd AllÄh Muḥammad al-DarwÄ«sh, 2 vols. Damascus: DÄr yaÊ¿rub, 2004.
-
Ibn KhaldÅ«n, AbÅ« ZakariyÄʾ YaḥyÄ. Bughyat al-ruwwÄd fÄ« dhikr al-mulÅ«k min banÄ« Ê¿Abd al-WÄd, edited and translated by Alfred Bel, 2 vols. Alger: Imprimerie Orientale Pierre Fontana, 1904-13.
-
Ibn al-Khaá¹Ä«b, LisÄn al-DÄ«n. Rawá¸at al-taÊ¿rÄ«f bi-l-ḥubb al-sharÄ«f, edited by Muḥammad al-KattÄnÄ«, 2 vols. with single pagination. Beirut: DÄr al-thaqÄfa, 1970.
-
Ibn al-Khaá¹Ä«b, LisÄn al-DÄ«n. Al-IḥÄá¹a fÄ« akhbÄr GharnÄá¹a, edited by Muḥammad b. Ê¿Abd AllÄh Ê¿InÄn, 4 vols. Cairo: al-KhÄnjÄ«, 1973-1977.
-
Ibn al-Marʾa, AbÅ« IsḥÄq IbrÄhÄ«m b. YÅ«suf Ibn DihÄq. Nukat al-IrshÄd. In MS Cairo, DÄr al-kutub, Tawḥīd 6, 4 vols. in five (vols. 1a, 1b, 2, 3 and 4).
-
Ibn al-Marʾa, AbÅ« IsḥÄq IbrÄhÄ«m b. YÅ«suf Ibn DihÄq. Nukat al-IrshÄd. In MS Cairo, DÄr al-kutub, B 22888, 4 vols. in five (vols. 1a, 1b, 2, 3 and 4).
-
Ibn al-Marʾa, AbÅ« IsḥÄq IbrÄhÄ«m b. YÅ«suf Ibn DihÄq. KitÄb al-QawÄnÄ«n (Sharḥ MaḥÄsin al-majÄlis). In MSAnn Arbor, University of Michigan, Special Collections Library, Isl. Ms. 505, pp. 101-143.
-
Ibn al-Marʾa, AbÅ« IsḥÄq IbrÄhÄ«m b. YÅ«suf Ibn DihÄq. KitÄb al-QawÄnÄ«n (Sharḥ MaḥÄsin al-majÄlis). In MSIstanbul, Bayezid Devlet Kütüphanesi, Veliyüddin Ef. 1828, ff. 94r-123v.
-
Ibn al-Marʾa, AbÅ« IsḥÄq IbrÄhÄ«m b. YÅ«suf Ibn DihÄq. Sharḥ asmÄʾ AllÄh al-ḥusnÄ, edited by YÅ«suf al-WahÄl. Beirut: DÄr al-kutub al-Ê¿ilmiyya, 2020.
-
Ibn Maryam, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad. Al-BustÄn fÄ« dhikr al-awliyÄʾ wa-l-Ê¿ulamÄʾ bi-TilimsÄn, edited by Mohammed Bencheneb. Algiers: al-Maá¹baÊ¿ al-thaÊ¿Älabiyya, 1908.
-
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, Shams al-DÄ«n Muḥammad. ṬarÄ«q al-hijratayn wa-bÄb al-saÊ¿Ädatayn, edited by M. Ajmal al-Iá¹£lÄḥī et al., 2 vols. with single pagination. Mecca: DaÌr Ê¿Älam al-FawaÌʾid li-l-Nashr wa-l-TawziÌÊ¿, 1436/2014.
-
Ibn SabÊ¿Ä«n, Ê¿Abd al-Ḥaqq. RasÄʾil Ibn SabÊ¿Ä«n, edited by Abd al-RahÌ£mÄn BadawÄ«. Cairo: al-Muʾassasat al-misÌ£riyya al-Ê¿Ämma li-l-taʾlÄ«f wa-l-anbÄʾ wa-l-nashr, 1965.
-
Ibn SabÊ¿Ä«n, Ê¿Abd al-Ḥaqq. RasÄʾil Ibn SabÊ¿Ä«n, edited by al-MazyadÄ«. Beirut: DÄr al-kutub al-Ê¿ilmiyya, 2007.
-
Ibn SaÊ¿Ä«d al-MaghribÄ«, Ê¿AlÄ« b. MÅ«sÄ. Al-Mughrib fÄ« ḥulÄ al-Maghrib, edited by ShawqÄ« á¸ayf, 2 vols. Cairo: DÄr al-maÊ¿Ärif, 1995.
-
Ibn ShÄkir al-KutubÄ«, AbÅ« Ê¿Abd AllÄh Muḥammad. FawÄt al-wafayÄt, edited by IḥsÄn Ê¿AbbÄs, 5 vols. Beirut: DÄr á¹¢Ädir, 1974.
-
Ibn Taymiyya, Aḥmad b. Ê¿Abd al-ḤalÄ«m. Bughyat al-murtÄd fÄ« l-radd Ê¿alÄ al-mutafalsifa wa-l-qarÄmiá¹a wa-l-bÄá¹iniyya, edited by MÅ«sÄ al-Duwaysh. Medina: Maktabat al-Ê¿UlÅ«m wa-l-ḥikam, 2001.
-
Ibn TÅ«mart, Muḥammad. AÊ¿azz mÄ yuá¹lab, edited by Ê¿AmmÄr ṬÄlibÄ«. Algiers: WizÄrat al-thaqÄfa, 2007.
-
Ibn al-ZayyÄt, AbÅ« YaÊ¿qub YÅ«suf b. YaḥyÄ al-TÄdilÄ«. Al-Tashawwuf ilÄ rijÄl al-taá¹£awwuf wa-akhbÄr AbÄ« l-Ê¿AbbÄs al-SabtÄ«, edited by Aḥmad al-TawfÄ«q. Rabat: ManshÅ«rÄt Kulliyyat al-ÄdÄb, 1984.
-
Ibn al-Zubayr, AbÅ« JaÊ¿far Aḥmad b. IbrÄhÄ«m. MilÄk al-taʾwÄ«l al-qÄá¹iÊ¿ bi-dhawÄ« l-ilḥÄd wa-l-taÊ¿á¹Ä«l fÄ« tawjÄ«h al-mutashÄbih al-lafẠmin Äy l-tanzÄ«l, edited by SaÊ¿Ä«d al-FallÄḥ, 2 vols. with single pagination. Beirut: DÄr al-gharb al-islÄmÄ«, 1983.
-
Ibn al-Zubayr, AbÅ« JaÊ¿far Aḥmad b. IbrÄhÄ«m. KitÄb á¹¢ilat al-á¹£ila, edited by Ê¿Abd al-SalÄm al-HarrÄs, 3 vols. (III, IV, V). Rabat: WizaÌrat al-awqaÌf wa-l-shuʾuÌn al-islaÌmiyya, 1993-5.
-
Ibn al-Zubayr, AbÅ« JaÊ¿far Aḥmad b. IbrÄhÄ«m. KitÄb á¹¢ilat al-á¹£ila, edited by al-Ê¿AdawÄ«. Cairo: Maktabat al-thaqÄfa al-dÄ«niyya, 2008.
-
MakhlÅ«f, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. Ê¿Umar b. QÄsim. Shajarat al-nÅ«r al-zakÄ«ya fÄ« á¹abaqÄt al-mÄlikiyya, edited by Ê¿Abd al-MajÄ«d al-KhayyÄlÄ«, 2 vols. Beirut: DÄr al-kutub al-Ê¿ilmiyya, 2002.
-
Al-MaqqarÄ«, AbÅ« l-Ê¿AbbÄs Aḥmad b. Muḥammad. Nafḥ al-á¹Ä«b, edited by IḥsÄn Ê¿AbbÄs, 8 vols. Beirut: DÄr á¹¢Ädir, 1968.
-
Al-MaqrÄ«zÄ«, TaqÄ« l-DÄ«n, KitÄb al-MuqaffÄ l-kabÄ«r, edited by Muḥammad al-YaÊ¿ÄlawÄ«, 8 vols. Beirut: DÄr al-gharb al-islÄmÄ«, 1991.
-
Ibn al-QÄdÄ« al-MiknÄsÄ«, Aḥmad. Jadhwat al-iqtibÄs fÄ« dhikr man ḥalla min al-aÊ¿lÄm madÄ«nat FÄs, 2 vols. with single pagination. Rabat: DÄr al-Manṣūr li-l-á¹ibÄÊ¿a wa-l-wirÄqa, 1973.
-
Al-QashtÄlÄ« al-AzdÄ«, Aḥmad b. IbrÄhÄ«m b. YaḥyÄ. Tuḥfat al-mughtarib bi-bilÄd al-Maghrib li-man la-hu min al-ikhwÄn fÄ« karÄmÄt al-shaykh AbÄ« MarwÄn, edited by Fernando de la Granja, Madrid: Publicaciones del Instituto Egipcio de Estudios IslaÌmicos, 1974.
-
Al-QashtÄlÄ« al-AzdÄ«, Aḥmad b. IbrÄhÄ«m b. YaḥyÄ. Prodigios del maestro sufiÌ AbuÌ MarwaÌn al-YuḥaÌnisiÌ de AlmeriÌa, translated by Bárbara Boloix Gallardo. Madrid: Mandala Ediciones, 2010.
-
Quá¹b al-DÄ«n al-Qasá¹allÄnÄ«, AbÅ« Bakr Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Ê¿AlÄ«. IqtidÄʾ al-ghÄfil bi-ihtidÄʾ al-Ê¿Äqil, edited by Aḥmad JumÊ¿a Ê¿Abd al-ḤamÄ«d. Berlin/Beirut: Klaus Schwarz Verlag/DÄr al-FÄrÄbÄ«, 2015.
-
Quá¹b al-DÄ«n al-Qasá¹allÄnÄ«, AbÅ« Bakr Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Ê¿AlÄ«. Naṣīḥa á¹£arīḥa min qarīḥa á¹£aḥīḥa fÄ« l-manÊ¿ min al-daÊ¿wÄ wa-l-shaá¹á¸¥, edited by ḤabÄ«b AllÄh Ḥasan Aḥmad. In ḤabÄ«b AllÄh Ḥasan Aḥmad. Al-daÊ¿wÄ wa-l-shaá¹á¸¥ Ê¿inda l-ṣūfiyya, 67-97. Amman: DÄr al-nÅ«r al-mubÄ«n li-l-nashr wa-l-tawzÄ«Ê¿, 2016.
-
Al-RuÊ¿aynÄ«, AbÅ« l-Ḥasan Ê¿AlÄ« b. Muḥammad. BarnÄmaj shuyÅ«kh al-RuÊ¿aynÄ«, edited by IbrÄhÄ«m Shabbūḥ, Damascus: Maá¹bÅ«Ê¿Ät mudÄ«riyyat iḥyÄʾ al-turÄth al-qadÄ«m, 1962.
-
Al-á¹¢afadÄ«, á¹¢alÄḥ al-á¸Ä«n KhalÄ«l b. Aybak. Al-WÄfÄ« bi-l-wafayÄt, edited by Aḥmad al-ArnÄʾūṠand TurkÄ« Muá¹£á¹afÄ, 29 vols., Beirut: DÄr IḥyÄʾ al-turÄth, 2000.
-
Al-SakhÄwÄ«, Muḥammad b. Ê¿Abd al-RaḥmÄn. Al-Qawl al-munbÄ« Ê¿an tarjamat Ibn al-Ê¿ArabÄ«, ed. KhÄlid b. al-Ê¿ArabÄ« Mudrik (= second volume of KhÄlid b. al-Ê¿ArabÄ« Mudrik, al-Qawl al-munbÄ« Ê¿an tarjamat Ibn al-Ê¿ArabÄ«. TaʾlÄ«f: al-ḥÄfiẠal-nÄqid Muḥammad b. Ê¿Abd al-RaḥmÄn al-SakhÄwÄ« (831H-902H), 2 vols. JÄmiÊ¿at Umm al-qurÄ, 1431H-1433H, MA dissertation).
-
Al-SalÄlijÄ«, AbÄ« Ê¿Amr Ê¿UthmÄn. Al-Ê¿AqÄ«da al-BurhÄniyya wa-al-fuṣūl al-Ä«mÄniyya maÊ¿a Sharḥ al-Ê¿AqÄ«da al-burhÄniyya li-l-imÄm AbÄ« Ê¿UthmÄn SaÊ¿Ä«d b. Muḥammad b. al-Ê¿UqbÄnÄ«, edited by NizÄr ḤammÄdÄ«. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-MaÊ¿Ärif, 2008.
-
Al-SamlÄlÄ«, al-Ê¿AbbÄs b. IbrÄhÄ«m. Al-IÊ¿lÄm bi-man ḥalla MarrÄkush wa-AghmÄt min al-aÊ¿lÄm, edited by Ê¿Abd al-WahhÄb b. Manṣūr, 10 vols. Rabat: al-Maá¹baÊ¿a al-Malikiyya, 1413/1993.
-
Al-SuyÅ«á¹Ä«, Ê¿Abd al-RaḥmÄn. Bughyat al-wuÊ¿Ät, edited by Muḥammad AbÅ« l-Faá¸l IbrÄhÄ«m, 2 vols. Cairo: Maá¹baÊ¿at ʿĪsÄ l-BÄbÄ« l-ḤalabÄ«, 1964-1965.
-
Al-TirmidhÄ«, AbÅ« Ê¿Abd AllÄh Muḥammad al-ḤakÄ«m. KitÄb Khatm al-awliyÄʾ, edited by Ê¿UthmÄn IsmÄÊ¿Ä«l YaḥyÄ. Beirut: al-Maá¹baÊ¿a al-KÄthÅ«lÄ«kiyya, 1975.
-
Al-TunbuktÄ«, BÄbÄ. Nayl al-ibtihÄj bi-taá¹rÄ«z al-DÄ«bÄj, edited by Ê¿Abd al-ḤamÄ«d Ê¿Abd AllÄh al-HarÄma. Tripoli: DÄr al-kÄtib, 2000.
-
YÄqÅ«t, AbÅ« Ê¿Abd AllÄh al-ḤamawÄ« al-RÅ«mÄ«. MuÊ¿jam al-udabbÄʾ. IrshÄd al-arÄ«b ilÄ maÊ¿rifat al-adÄ«b, edited by IḥsÄn Ê¿AbbÄs, 7 vols. with single pagination. Beirut: DÄr al-gharb al-islÄmÄ«, 1993.
-
Al-ZarkashÄ«. TaʾrÄ«kh al-dawlatayn al-Muwaḥḥidiyya wa-l-Ḥafá¹£iyya, edited by Muḥammad MÄá¸Å«r. Tunis: al-Maktaba al-Ê¿atÄ«qa, 1966.
-
Addas, Claude. Quest for the Red Sulphur. The Life of Ibn ʿArabī, transalted from the French by Peter Kingsley. Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society, 1993.
-
Aguilar, Victoria. âTres generaciones y varios siglos de historia: Los BanÅ« Bará¹uluh de Murcia.â In Estudios Onomástico-Biográficos de al-Andalus VII, edited by Manuela MarÃn and Helena de Felipe, 19-40. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientÃficas, 1995.
-
Akasoy, Anna A. âIbn SabÊ¿Ä«n.â In Biblioteca de al-Andalus, edited by Jorge Lirola Delgado and José Miguel Puerta VÃlchez, 7 + 2 vols., 29-38, no. 1018. Almeria: Fundación Ibn Tufayl de Estudios Ãrabes, 2004-12.
-
Bellver, José. âIbn HÅ«d, Badr al-DÄ«n Ḥasan.â In Encyclopaedia of Islam, Third Edition, edited by Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas and Everett Rowson, 111-114. Leiden: Brill, 2017, no. 5.
-
Bellver, José. âAl-GhazÄlÄ« of al-Andalus: Ibn BarrajÄn, Mahdism, and the Emergence of Learned Sufism on the Iberian Peninsula.â Journal of the American Oriental Society 133, no. 4 (2013), 659-681.
-
Bellver, José. âIbn BarraǧÄn and Ibn Ê¿ArabÄ« on the Prediction of the Capture of Jerusalem in 583/1187 by Saladin.â Arabica 61, no. 3-4 (2014), 252-286.
-
Bellver, José. âAscetics and Sufis.â In Routledge Handbook of Muslim Iberia, edited by Maribel Fierro, 318-343. New York: Routledge, 2020.
-
Calero Secall, MarÃa Isabel. âLos BanÅ« SÄ«d BÅ«na.â Sharq al-Andalus 4 (1987), 35-44.
-
Calero Secall, MarÃa Isabel. âEl proceso de Ibn al-Khaá¹Ä«b.â Al-Qaná¹ara 22, no. 2 (2001), 421-461.
-
Casewit, Yousef. The Mystics of al-Andalus: Ibn BarrajÄn and Islamic Thought in the Twelfth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.
-
Chodkiewicz, Michael. Seal of the Saints. Prophethood and Sainthood in the Doctrine of Ibn ʿArabī, translated by Liadain Sherrard. Cambridge: The Islamic Texts Society, 1993.
-
de Castro León, Victor. âIbn al-Khaá¹Ä«b and His Mamluk Reception.â In New Readings in Arabic Historiography from Late Medieval Egypt and Syria, edited by Jo van Steenbergen and Maya Termonia, 165-188. Leiden: Brill, 2021.
-
Fierro, Maribel and Saadia Faghia. âUn nuevo texto de tradiciones escatológicas sobre al-Andalus.â Sharq Al-Andalus: Estudios mudéjares y moriscos 7 (1990), 99-111.
-
Fierro, Maribel. âHeresy in al-Andalus.â In The Legacy of Muslim Spain, edited by Salma Jayyusi, 895-908. Leiden: Brill, 1992.
-
Fierro, Maribel. âMahdisme et eschatologie dans al-Andalus.â In Mahdisme: Crise et changement dans lâhistoire du Maroc: actes de la table ronde organisée à Marrakech par la Faculté des lettres et des sciences humaines de Rabat du 11 au 14 février 1993, edited by Abdelmajid Kaddouri, 47-69. Rabat: La FaculteÌ, 1994.
-
Fierro, Maribel. âReligious Dissension in al-Andalus: Ways of Exclusion and Inclusion.â Al-Qaná¹ara 22, no. 2 (2001), 463-487.
-
Fierro, Maribel. âIbn Rushdâs (Averroes) âDisgraceâ and his Relation with the Almohads.â In Islamic Philosophy from the 12th to the 14th Century, edited by Abdelkader Al Ghouz, 73-116. Göttingen: V&R Unipress, 2018.
-
Franco-Sánchez, Francisco. âAndalusÃes y magrebÃes en torno a los SÄ«d Bono/a de Guadalest y Granada.â In Actas del II Coloquio Hispano-Marroquà de Ciencias Históricas âHistoria, Ciencia y Sociedadâ (Granada, 6-10 noviembre de 1989), 217-232. Madrid: Instituto de Cooperación con el Mundo Ãrabe, 1992.
-
Frey Sánchez, Antonio Vicente. âCiudades y poder polÃtico en al-Andalus. Una hipótesis sobre el origen de las revueltas urbanas en Murcia en el siglo XIII.â Anuario de estudios medievales 44, no. 2 (2014), 845-884.
-
GarcÃa DÃaz, Isabel. Documentación medieval del archivo municipal de Lorca (1257-1504). Estudio y edición. Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, 2007.
-
Gruendler, Beatrice. âIbn AbÄ« Ḥajala.â In Essays in Arabic Literary Biography, edited by Joseph E. Lowry and Devin J. Stewart, 118-125. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2009.
-
Guichard, Pierre. Al-Andalus frente a la conquista cristiana: Los musulmanes de Valencia (siglos XI-XIII). Madrid/Valencia: Biblioteca Nueva/Universitat de València, 2001.
-
Guo, Li. Early Mamluk Syrian Historiography: Al-YÅ«nÄ«nÄ«âs Dhayl mirʾÄt al-zamÄn, 2 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1998.
-
Harvey, Leonard P. Islamic Spain, 1250 to 1500. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.
-
Al-IdrÄ«sÄ«, NÅ«r al-DÄ«n b. Muḥammad al-ḤumaydÄ«. Al-ImÄm al-ḥÄfiẠAbÅ« Bakr Ibn MasdÄ« al-GharnÄá¹Ä«: ḤayÄtuhu wa-ÄthÄruhu. Beirut: DÄr al-bashÄʾir al-islÄmiyya, 2018.
-
IḥnÄna, YÅ«suf. Taá¹awwur al-madhhab al-AshÊ¿arÄ« fÄ« l-gharb al-islÄmÄ«. 3rd ed. Rabat: ManshÅ«rÄt WizÄrat al-AwqÄf wa-l-Shuʾūn al-IslÄmiyya, 2017.
-
Knysh, Alexander D. Ibn ʿArabī in the Later Islamic Tradition: The Making of a Polemical Image in Medieval Islam. Albany: SUNY Press, 1999.
-
Knysh, Alexander D. âA Tale of Two Poets: Sufism in Yemen During the Ottoman Epoch.â In Le soufisme à lâépoque ottomane/Sufism in the Ottoman Era, edited by Rachida Chih and Catherine Mayeur-Jaouen, 337-367. Cairo: Institut Français dâArchéologie Orientale, 2010.
-
Lirola Delgado, Jorge. âIbn Fuá¸ayla, AbÅ« l-Ḥasan.â In Biblioteca de al-Andalus, edited by Jorge Lirola Delgado and José Miguel Puerta VÃlchez, 7 + 2 vols., 3:178-179, no. 372. Almeria: Fundación Ibn Tufayl de Estudios Ãrabes, 2004-12.
-
Al-Manṣūb, Ê¿Abd al-Ê¿AzÄ«z SultÌ£Än. Al-Ê¿Ärif bi-LlÄh Ê¿Abd al-HÄdÄ« al-SÅ«dÄ«: ShiÊ¿ruhu, rasÄʾiluhu, manÄqibuhu. Beirut: DÄr al-fikr al-muÊ¿ÄsÌ£ir, 1995.
-
Massignon, Louis. AkhbÄr al-ḤallÄj: Recueil dâoraisons et dâexhortations du martyr mystique de lâIslam Ḥusayn ibn Manṣūr ḤallÄj. Paris: Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin, 1957.
-
Massignon, Louis. âIbn SabÊ¿Ä«n, et la «â conspiration ḥallÄgienneâ » en Andalousie et en Orient au XIIIe siècle.â In Ãtudes dâorientalisme dédiées à la mémoire de Lévi-Provençal, 2 vols, 661-681. Paris: G.P. Maisonneuve et Larose, 1962.
-
Massignon, Louis. La Passion de ḤallÄj: Martyr mystique de lâIslam exécuté à Bagdad le 26 mars 922, New Edition, 4 vols. Paris: Gallimard, 1975.
-
Massignon, Louis. The Passion of al-ḤallÄj: Mystic and Martyr of Islam, translated by Herbert Mason, 4 vols. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1982.
-
Molina López, Emilio. âÊ¿AzÄ«z b. Jaá¹á¹Äb, destacada personalidad polÃtica, cientÃfica y literaria murciana del siglo XIII.â Miscelánea Medieval Murciana 4 (1978), 65-86.
-
Molina López, Emilio. âMurcia en el marco histórico del segundo tercio del siglo XIII (1212-1258).â In Historia de la Región Murciana. Tomo III: De la Murcia musulmana a la Murcia cristiana (VIII-XIII), edited by MarÃa Manuela Ayala Juan et al., 188-263. Murcia: Mediterráneo, 1980.
-
Molina López, Emilio. La Wizara Isamiyya de Orihuela en el siglo XIII. Paradigma de un enclave polÃtico y cultural independiente en tiempos de crisis. Cuadernos de temas oriolanos no. 5. Orihuela: Ayuntamiento, 2014.
-
Puerta VÃlchez, José Miguel. âIbn Ahlà , AbÅ« Ê¿Abd Allah.â In Biblioteca de al-Andalus, edited by Jorge Lirola Delgado and José Miguel Puerta VÃlchez, 7 + 2 vols., 2:48-52, no. 268. Almeria: Fundación Ibn Tufayl de Estudios Ãrabes, 2004-12.
-
Rubiera, MarÃa José. âLos BanÅ« Escallola, la dinastÃa granadina que no fue.â AndalucÃa islámica 2-3 (1981-2), 85-94.
-
Rubiera, MarÃa José. Ibn al-ŶayyÄb, el otro poeta de la Alhambra. Granada: Patronato de la Alhambra/IHAC, 1982.
-
Serrano Ruano, Delfina. âLater AshÊ¿arism in the Islamic West.â In The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology, edited by Sabine Schmidtke, 515-533. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.
-
Sharaf, Muḥammad YÄsir. Al-Waḥda al-muá¹laqa Ê¿inda Ibn SabÊ¿Ä«n, Baghdad: DaÌr al-RashiÌd li-l-nashr, 1981.
-
Soto i Company, Ricard. âLa situació dels andalusins (Musulmans i Batejats) a Mallorca després de la Conquesta Catalana de 1230.â Mélanges de la Casa de Velázquez 30-1 (1994), 167-206.
-
Spallino, Patrizia. âIbn SabÊ¿Ä«n, Ê¿Abd al-Ḥaqq.â In Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy. Philosophy Between 500 and 1500, edited by H. Lagerlund, 507-514. Dordrecht, 2011.
-
Al-TaftÄzÄnÄ«, AbÅ« l-WafÄ. Ibn SabÊ¿Ä«n wa-falsafatuhu al-ṣūfiyya. Beirut: DÄr al-KitÄb al-LubnÄnÄ«, 1973.
-
Al-TaftÄzÄnÄ«, AbÅ« l-WafÄ. âAl-Madrasa al-shÅ«dhiyya fÄ« l-taá¹£awwuf al-andalusÄ«.â Revista del Instituto Egipcio de Estudios Islámicos 23 (1985), 173-181.
-
Al-TaftÄzÄnÄ«, AbÅ« l-WafÄ and Oliver Leaman. âIbn SabÊ¿Ä«n.â In History of Islamic Philosophy, edited by Oliver Leaman and Seyyed Hossein Nasr, 346-349. London: Routledge, 1996.
-
Thiele, Jan. âFacing the MahdÄ«âs True Belief: AbÅ« Ê¿Amr al-SalÄlijÄ«âs AshÊ¿arite Creed and the Almohadsâ Claim to Religious Authority.â Al-Ê¿Uṣūr al-Wusá¹Ä 26 (2018), 96-112.
-
Thiele, Jan. âAshÊ¿arism in the Ḥafá¹£id Era.â In Philosophical Theology in Islam: Later AshÊ¿arism East and West. Edited by Ayman Shihadeh and Jan Thiele, 298-336. Leiden: Brill, 2020.
-
Torres Fontes, Juan. âEl reino musulmán de Murcia en el siglo XIII.â Anales de la Universidad de Murcia 10 (1951-1952), 260-274.
-
Torres Fontes, Juan. âDel tratado de Alcaraz al tratado de Almizra. De la tenencia al señorÃo (1243-1244).â Miscelánea medieval murciana 19-20 (1995-1996), 279-302.
-
Urvoy, Dominique. âIbn al-Marʾa, AbÅ« IsḥÄq.â In Biblioteca de al-Andalus, edited by Jorge Lirola Delgado and José Miguel Puerta VÃlchez, 7 + 2 vols., 4:110-112, no. 776. Almeria: Fundación Ibn Tufayl de Estudios Ãrabes, 2004-12.
-
Velázquez Basanta, Fernando Nicolás. âAbÅ« ŶaÊ¿far Aḥmad Ibn al-Zubayr. Profesor, cadà y poeta a través de la IḥÄá¹a de Ben al-Jaá¹Ä«b.â Miscelánea de estudios árabes y hebraicos. Sección árabe e islam 34 (1985), 97-107.
-
Zanón, Jesús. âIbn MasdÄ« y su obra biográfica.â Al-Qaná¹ara 9, no. 1 (1988), 13-28.
-
Zanón, Jesús. âIbn MasdÄ«, AbÅ« Bakr.â In Biblioteca de al-Andalus, edited by Jorge Lirola Delgado and José Miguel Puerta VÃlchez, 7 + 2 vols., 4:159-161, no. 793. Almeria: Fundación Ibn Tufayl de Estudios Ãrabes, 2004-12.
-
Ženka, Josef. âIÅ¡qalyÅ«la, no AÅ¡qÄ«lÅ«la. El nombre correcto de la familia fundadora del Emirato NazarÃ.â Anaquel de Estudios Ãrabes 25 (2014), 195-208.
| å ¨é¨æé´ | è¿å»ä¸å¹´ | è¿å»30天 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| æè¦æµè§æ¬¡æ° | 1388 | 431 | 76 |
| å ¨ææµè§æ¬¡æ° | 194 | 9 | 1 |
| PDFä¸è½½æ¬¡æ° | 365 | 29 | 3 |
From AshÊ¿arism to waḥda muá¹laqa in AndalusÄ« Sufism: A Survey of Historical Sources on the ShÅ«dhiyya
äºStudia IslamicaSearch for other papers by José Bellver in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Abstract
The ShÅ«dhiyya is a Sufi strand that flourished in the south-east region of al-Andalus, particularly in the area of Murcia, in the late 6th/12th century until the second half of the 7th/13th century. It thus extended from the second half of the Almohad period to the early Naá¹£rid period. The ShÅ«dhiyya is named after the enigmatic figure, al-ShÅ«dhÄ« (fl. 6th/12th c.), a Sufi saint linked to Tlemcen. Nevertheless, the two main figures of the ShÅ«dhiyya were the theologians and Sufis, Ibn al-Marʾa (d. 611/1214) and Ibn AḥlÄ (d. 645/1247). Faced with the advance of Christian forces in the region of Murcia, ShÅ«dhÄ«s relocated to the nascent kingdom of Granada and to the central Islamicate world where, as followers of Ibn SabÊ¿Ä«n (d. 669/1270), they were known as the SabÊ¿Ä«niyya. The ShÅ«dhiyya flourished in al-Andalus at roughly the same time that Ibn Ê¿ArabÄ« (d. 638/1240) lived in al-Andalus. And, like Ibn Ê¿ArabÄ«, the ShÅ«dhiyya ultimately came to be known for espousing the unity of existence although in a more radical, absolute way. Even though intellectual Sufism in al-Andalus is mostly associated with Ibn Ê¿ArabÄ«, his actual influence on his contemporaries in al-Andalus was rather scarce as he emigrated in his thirties to the East where he wrote his main works. However, in the field of intellectual Sufism, the ShÅ«dhiyya was far more influential in al-Andalus than Ibn Ê¿ArabÄ«. Nevertheless, since the main representatives of the AndalusÄ« ShÅ«dhiyya did not relocate to the East, their works were not widely disseminated across the eastern and central Islamicate world and, consequently, except for Ibn al-Marʾa, most of their works are not known to be extant. Thus, the main witnesses are biographical and polemical literature. Despite the historical and intellectual relevance of the ShÅ«dhiyya for the social, political and intellectual history of al-Andalus, only Massignon has devoted some attention to this Sufi strand. In this article the available sources on the ShÅ«dhiyya in al-Andalus are surveyed and contextualized.
Résumé
La ShÅ«dhiyya est un courant soufi qui sâest épanoui dans la région sud-est dâal-Andalus, notamment dans la région de Murcie, de la fin du 6e/12e siècle jusquâà la seconde moitié du 7e/13e siècle. Elle sâétend donc de la seconde moitié de la période almohade au début de la période Naá¹£rid. La ShÅ«dhiyya doit son nom à un personnage énigmatique, al-ShÅ«dhÄ« (fl. 6e/12e s.), un saint soufi lié à Tlemcen. Néanmoins, les deux principales figures de la ShÅ«dhiyya sont les théologiens et soufis, Ibn al-Marʾa (m. 611/1214) et Ibn AḥlÄ (m. 645/1247). Face à lâavancée des forces chrétiennes dans la région de Murcie, les ShÅ«dhÄ«s se réinstallèrent dans le royaume naissant de Grenade et dans le centre du monde islamique où, en tant que disciples dâIbn SabÊ¿Ä«n (m. 669/1270), ils furent connus sous le nom de SabÊ¿Ä«niyya. Les ShÅ«dhiyya ont prospéré en al-Andalus à peu près à la même époque où Ibn Ê¿ArabÄ« (m. 638/1240) vivait en al-Andalus. Et, comme Ibn Ê¿ArabÄ«, les ShÅ«dhiyya finirent par être connus pour avoir épousé lâunité de lâexistence, bien que dâune manière plus radicale et absolue. Même si le soufisme intellectuel en al-Andalus est surtout associé à Ibn Ê¿ArabÄ«, son influence réelle sur ses contemporains en al-Andalus fut plutôt rare, car il émigra à la trentaine vers lâOrient où il écrivit ses principales Åuvres. Cependant, dans le domaine du soufisme intellectuel, la ShÅ«dhiyya fut bien plus influente en al-Andalus quâIbn Ê¿ArabÄ«. Néanmoins, comme les principaux représentants de la ShÅ«dhiyya andalouse ne se sont pas délocalisés en Orient, leurs Åuvres nâont pas été largement diffusées dans le monde islamique oriental et central et, par conséquent, à lâexception dâIbn al-Marʾa, la plupart de leurs Åuvres ne sont pas connues. Ainsi, les principales sources sont la littérature biographique et polémique. Malgré lâimportance historique et intellectuelle des ShÅ«dhiyya pour lâhistoire sociale, politique et intellectuelle dâal-Andalus, seul Massignon a consacré une certaine attention à ce courant soufi. Dans cet article, les sources disponibles sur la ShÅ«dhiyya en al-Andalus sont passées en revue et contextualisées.
| å ¨é¨æé´ | è¿å»ä¸å¹´ | è¿å»30天 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| æè¦æµè§æ¬¡æ° | 1388 | 431 | 76 |
| å ¨ææµè§æ¬¡æ° | 194 | 9 | 1 |
| PDFä¸è½½æ¬¡æ° | 365 | 29 | 3 |
