Smuggled Migrants as Victims?
Reflecting on the UN Protocol against Migrant Smuggling and on Its Implementation
äºBrill Research Perspectives in Transnational CrimeSearch for other papers by Alessandro Spena in
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Abstract
After outlining the UN Protocolâs general approach to migrant smuggling, this article raises the question of whether and to what extent smuggled migrants can be said to be victims of this crime. The author argues that an affirmative answer is possible in at least three different respects: smuggled migrants can be victimized by states fighting against migrant smuggling and irregular immigration (secondary victimization); but, of course, they can also be victimized by smugglers (primary victimization), in two ways: first, if smuggling is so performed as to put their lives, physical integrity or dignity at risk; secondly, smugglers also victimize migrants by profiting of their vulnerable condition, and their need to enter a foreign country, in order to gain economic benefit.
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| å ¨é¨æé´ | è¿å»ä¸å¹´ | è¿å»30天 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| æè¦æµè§æ¬¡æ° | 854 | 202 | 18 |
| å ¨ææµè§æ¬¡æ° | 24 | 4 | 0 |
| PDFä¸è½½æ¬¡æ° | 56 | 12 | 0 |
Smuggled Migrants as Victims?
Reflecting on the UN Protocol against Migrant Smuggling and on Its Implementation
äºBrill Research Perspectives in Transnational CrimeSearch for other papers by Alessandro Spena in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Abstract
After outlining the UN Protocolâs general approach to migrant smuggling, this article raises the question of whether and to what extent smuggled migrants can be said to be victims of this crime. The author argues that an affirmative answer is possible in at least three different respects: smuggled migrants can be victimized by states fighting against migrant smuggling and irregular immigration (secondary victimization); but, of course, they can also be victimized by smugglers (primary victimization), in two ways: first, if smuggling is so performed as to put their lives, physical integrity or dignity at risk; secondly, smugglers also victimize migrants by profiting of their vulnerable condition, and their need to enter a foreign country, in order to gain economic benefit.
| å ¨é¨æé´ | è¿å»ä¸å¹´ | è¿å»30天 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| æè¦æµè§æ¬¡æ° | 854 | 202 | 18 |
| å ¨ææµè§æ¬¡æ° | 24 | 4 | 0 |
| PDFä¸è½½æ¬¡æ° | 56 | 12 | 0 |
