1 See Kopriiliizade M. Fuad, Tiirk edebiyatf taraha, Istanbul 1926, pp. 281-322. I For general researches see Ahmet Ates, Burdur-Antalya ve havalisi kiitiiphaneterinde bulunan türkçe, arapfa ve farspa miihim eserler: Turk Dili ve Edebiyati Dergisi, II (1948), 171-191, and Mu- harrem Ergin, Bursa hitaphklanndahi tiirkfe yazmalar arasxnda: Turk Dili ve Edebiyatt Dergisi IV (1950), 107-132.

1 For general information concerning Arabic and Persian intellectual and literary developments in Asia Minor after its conquest by the Turks see book mentioned in n. i, p. 250, pp. 245-247, and pp. 286-293; by the same author, Anadolit Selfuklu tarihinin yerli kaynaklarx: Belleten VII (1943), 379-522; H. Ritter, Philologika XI. Mauldnd Galaladdin Rumi und sein Kreis: Der Islam XXVI (1940, 1942), 116-158, 221-249; Ahmet Ates, Hicrl VI-VIIl. (XII.-XIV.) asarlarda Anadvlu 'da larsça eserler: TM VII-VIII (1945), 94-135, and the study by the same author in n. 2, p. 250. 1 For further information see Kopriiluzade M. Fuad, Mil1$ edebiyat cereyamnm ilk mube$prleri ve Divon-x tiirkt-i basit, Istanbul 1928, pp. 11-15.

1 At the present time Sultan Valad is recognized as a Turkish poet writing in Greek in Anatolia in the '3th century. For the Greek couplets contained in the Rabkbndma (see n. 3, p. 253) see C. Sale- mann, Noch einmal die seldschukachen Verse; Melanges Asiatiques X (i8go), 174-245; for the Greek verses contained in the Divan (see n. 4, p. 253) see ghazel nos. 81, 582 and 885. The Greek coup- lets in the lbtiddndma (see n. 2, p. 253) are a little earlier than the Turkish.

1CalaladdinRumi'sturkischeVerse: UJb. XXIV (1952), 106-115. 2 Up to the present no work has been done on these couplets. For published versions see Divdn-i turki-i Sultan Valad, ed. Veled Qelebi and Kilisli Rifat, Istanbul 1341, and the edition of the Oxford Ms.: TM VII-VIII (1942), p. 104 and 3 pages of facsimile. I Published versions of the Turkish verses in the Rabkbndma and critical works concerning peculiarities of its language are rather old but numerous. The most important are the following: J. v. Hammer's edition of the Vienna MS.: Jahrbiicher der Litteratur XLVIII (1829) advertise- ment pp. 103-120; for commentary and German translation see M. Wickerhauser, Seldschukische Verse: ZDMG XX (1866), 574-589; for several amendments to this work see W. F. A. Bernhauer, Ilber die I56 seldschukischen Distischen aus Sultan Weled's Rebabname: ZDMG XXIII (1869), 201-208, and Fleischer's appendix: same work, pp. 208-211; for the text, a transcription into Russian script, explanations of sounds and forms, and a glossary of Turkish words, see W. Radloff, Vber altturkische Dialecte. r. Die seldschukischen Verse im Rebkb-Nkmeh: Melanges Asiatiques X (1890), 17-77; for a facsimile of the Budapest MS. see KCsA I (1924-1925) end of fasciculus 4 and 5; for an edition of the Petersburg MS., a German translation, notes, additions to the glossary, and an edition of the Greek verses in the Budapest MS. see C. Salemann's work in n. i, p. 252; for Veled f elebi and Kilisli Rifat's edition see n. 2; for research on the Turkish verses in the Rabkbnksna which does not follow merely one MS. see I. Kunos, Egy 6torok nyelvemlek: Nyelvtud. K6zlem. XXII (r8gz), q8o-4g7; V. Smirnov, Les vers dits `Seldjouk' et le christianisme turc: Actes du Xlème Congres International des Orientalistes, Paris 1899, pp. 143-4. Although the 162 Turkish couplets in the Rabdbncima attracted attention at an early date, the research done in this subject is far from satisfying the requirements of the present-day knowledge of the Turkish language. * For an imperfect edition see Veled Celebi and Kilisli Rifat's work in n. 2; all the Turkish verses

in the Divan are collected in F. N. Uzluk's edition: Divan-i Sultan Valad, Ankara 1941. The Turkish couplets are on the following pages of this edition: 13, 44, 48, 81, 85, rr6, 117, 149, 228, 238, 263, 3o6,goy, 309, 351, 355, 359, 365, 395, 471, 505, 512, 533, 550, 556, 558. 1 For the poet and the text of his work see Kopruliizade M. Fuad, Anatolische Richter in der Seldschukenzeit.II. Ahmed Faqih: KCsA II (I926), 20-38. 2 For information concerning the poet and his first known ghazel see K6priiliizade M. Fuad, Anatolische Dichter in der Selschukenzeit. I. ,Sejjad 'Hamza: KCsA I (r922), 184-188; for additional bibliographical information about the poet and the edition of two more ghazels and a glossary see M. Mansuroglu, Anadolu tiirkcesi (XIII. asxr). ,Seyyad Hamza 'ya ait üç manzume: Tiirk Dili ve Edebiyati Dergisi I (1946), I80-I95; for an edition of one of his poems containing Eastern Turkish features, an analysis of its language and glossary see M. Mansuroglu, 5eyyad Hamza'nxn Dogu tiirhfesi ile kansik bir manzumesi: Tiirk Dili — Belleten VII (1946), 16-29; for the text and tran- scription of the two most recently discovered poems see N. H. Onan, Seyyad Hamza 'Mt� iki yeni gazeli dolayisiyle: Dil ve Tarih-Cografya Fakültesi Dergisi VII (1949), 529-534. In this last work there are several inconsistencies in the transcription from Arabic to Latin script, and several errors in the linguistical commentary. 3 Ed. D. Dilgin, Istanbul 1946. Apart from the facsimile, the preface, the rewriting in modern lettering are in many respects imperfect and misleading. 4 For the poet and for the first two ghazels to be published see Kopruluzade M. Fuad, Selcuhiler devrinde Anadolu ,sairleyi. Hoca Dekhani: Hayat 1 (1926), 4-5; by the same author, Selçukíler devri edebiyatx hakktnda ban notlar: Hayat IV (1928), 488; by the same author, Anadolu Selpithlu tarihinin yeyli kaynaklayx. IV. Sekuhlu 5ahnamesi: Hoca Dehhani. Xlll. asty: Belleten VII (1943), 396 f. ; for collected information concerning the poet and an edition of the two poems already men- tioned as well as 8 poems later discovered, transcription and a glossary see M. Mansuroglu, Anadolu tiirkcesi (XIII. astr). Dehhani ve manzumeleri, Istanbul 1947.

1 See work mentioned in n. 1, p. 250, p. 39 and first work in n. i, p. 263, p. 393; R. R. Arat, Fatih Sultan Mehmed 'in yarlags: TM VI (1939), 285-322, the same in French: Publ. dell' Istit. universitario orientale di Napoli Annali N. S. I (x9qo), 25-68.

1 Facsimile edition Ankara 1941; translation into Turkish by B. Atalay, 3 vols. Ankara 1939, 1940, 1941; Turkish index (dizin) by B. Atalay, Ankara 1943; see also C. Brockelmann, Mahmud al-Kaschgaris Darstellung des tiirkischen I'erbalbaus: KSz XVIII (1918-9), 24-49; by the same author, Mahmud al-Kaschgari iiber die Sprachen und Stämme der Turken im 11. ]hdt.: KCsA I (1921), 26-40. It is probable that the word 'Turkish' was applied in the Divanu luyat al-turk to that idiom which had been employed up to that time as the written language. The Turkish dialects which differ from the written language (we do not know whether or not a written literature existed in these dialects at that time), and which differ to some extent among themselves too, may be arranged, according to the importance given in that book, in the following order: Oyuz, Qlpgaq, Aryu, Cigil, Yayma, Kençek, Yemek, Turkmen, Bulyar, Yabyu, Suvar, Tatar, etc. 3 Ed. A. Caferoglu, Istanbul 1931. 3 Glossary ed. Aptullah Battal, Istanbul 1934.

1 A. v. Gabain, Alttiirkische Grammatik, Leipzig 1941. For the forms mentioned see respectively § § 35I� 346, 183, 184, 187, 190, 215.2, z31, 235. 9 For information concerning the sources of Anatolian Turkish in the 13tb century see n. 1-4, P. 253; 1-4, P. 254.

1 W. Bang and A. v. Gabain, Analytischer Index zu den fiinf ersten Stiicken der Tisrkischen Turfan- Texte, Berlin 1931.

1 Some of those studies are used as references here: A. Vambery, Altosmanische Sprachstudien, Leiden 1901; C. Brockelmann, Altosmanische Studien. 1. Die Sprache cà šyq Pašas und Ahmedis: ZDMG LXXIII (1919), 1-29; A. Zaj4czkowski, Studja nad ifzykiem s<«foo�ms�A!'m. I. Kalika i Dimna, Krakowie 1934; by the same author, Studia nad iezykiem staroosmanshim. 11. Przekladu Koran, Krakow 1937; T. Banguoglu, A ltosmanische Sprachstudien zu Süheyl-ü Nevbahar, Breslau 1938. I For the Turkish language and Turkish literary production in the 14th century see Kopriiluzade

M. Fuad, Anadolu 'da Turk dili ve edebiyatsnxn tekamulune umumt bir bakt$. 1: Yeni Turk 4 (I933), 281-292. 1 Since it is not possible to reach the sources utilized, merely a general idea may be obtained about the subject from Tanxklarxyle tarama sSzliigu. I, Istanbul I943; II, Istanbul 1945, 1953.

1 For simple Turkish movement see Kopriiluzade M. Fuad, Anadolu'da Turk dil ve edebiyatmm tekamuliine umumi bir bakx,s. 11: Yeni Tiirk 5 (1933), 393; by the same author, Anadolu'da Turk dil ve edebiyattnxn tekamwiine umumi bir bakif. III: Yeni Turk 7 (1933), 540; and work in n. 2. p. 251. For Nabi's reaction see K6priiliizade M. Fuad, Eski $airlerimiz Divan Edebiyatf antolojisi, Istanbul 1931, p. 326. For local colour movement in the 18th century see same work, p. 451 (Nadim and his adherents); in the 19th century same work, p. 646 (Vasif).