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Making Sense of “Disharmony”: The Hidden Politics of Divorce Among Kitan Princesses

in NAN NÜ
Autor:in:
Adrien Dupuis Peking University Beijiing China

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https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7612-4049
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Abstract

This article examines the high frequency of divorce among Kitan princesses during the Liao dynasty (916-1125), challenging the prevailing view that these separations reflected female autonomy. Through a philological analysis and a reconstruction of the socio-political background of each divorce, this study reveals that “disharmony” (buxie) was often a euphemism for politically motivated separations orchestrated by the emperor or the court. The rigid marriage system between the Yelü imperial clan and the Xiao consort clan limited marital flexibility, making divorce a strategic tool for realigning alliances. Clan and faction struggle in the first half of the eleventh century enabled the normalization of divorce, which then profoundly influenced memorial politics at the end of the period. In the historical records, however, these separations vaguely attributed to “disharmony” were misunderstood by later annalists, including the Yuan compilers of the Liaoshi, who saw them as moral failures of the Kitan regime.

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