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Adam’s Rib as a Shared Source of Patriarchy in Abbasid Iraq: the Interconnectedness of Jewish and Muslim Exegeses on the Creation of Woman

in Medieval Encounters
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Katja von Schöneman Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Theology, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland

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Abstract

The creation of humanity is depicted in both the Bible and the Qurʾān, and its details, such as the creation of woman, are abundantly discussed in subsequent exegetic literature. Applying feminist discourse analysis, I compare the interpretations of the creation of woman in rabbinic literature to those in Qurʾānic commentaries produced in the same cultural and geographical environment, second/eighth–sixth/twelfth-century Iraq under Abbasid rule. I show that in both Jewish and Islamic exegetic discourse the creation of woman from male-dependent material was diversely used to explain female characteristics and the treatment of women as subordinate, secondary beings. In addition to the numerous commonalities, the differences in the interpretive discourses reflect the multifarious encounters between Jewish and Muslim scholars in the vivid intellectual atmosphere of this context. The influence of ideas discussed in Talmudic academies was essential in the formation of distinct Islamic interpretive tradition concerning the matter.

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