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Imagination, rhétorique et analogie chez les historiens anciens et médiévaux

Imagination, Rhetoric, and Analogy in the Writings of Ancient and Medieval Historians

in The Medieval Chronicle
Autor:in:
Pierre Courroux Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour Pau France

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Abstract

In contrast to modern historians, most ancient and mediaeval historians aim to narrate the past in a clear manner rather than explain it extradiegetically. For them, to use Paul Veyne’s words, ‘explaining more is recounting better’. Instead of deducing or making assumptions, they fill the gaps in their knowledge with plausible inventions, allowing their narrative to remain consistent and enjoyable. This essay aims to better understand the mechanisms underlying these plausible inventions. Firstly, it re-evaluates the role of imagination in historiographical works, demonstrating that ancient historians were aware of the necessity to invent in order to address the gaps in their documentation. It did not prevent them from considering their works as truthful, that is to say entirely devoid of fabula. To understand how such details and episodes were created, rhetoric quickly shows its limits : many mediaeval historians ignored its basic principles, yet it did not prevent them from inventing as others did. This is why I suggest – following Eric Auerbach – using the notion of analogical thought as a key (among others) to understanding ancient and mediaeval historical inventions. This approach emphasizes the significance of motifs in ancient and medieval historiography.

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