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In the early twentieth century, scientific discoveries such as n-dimensionality, x-rays, and electromagnetism made their way into the discourse of Occultism, where they were subsequently reframed as the occult fourth dimension, clairvoyant x-ray vision, and thought vibration. As this article will show, modern artists such as the Early Abstract artists and the futurists, interested in Occultism as an avenue to a more spiritual art, integrated the by now ‘occultised’ ideas into their art and worldview.
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——, Clairvoyance (London: Theosophical Publishing Society, 1903).
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Wassily Kandinsky, Rückblick (Baden-Baden: Woldermar Klein Verlag, 1955), 16. Holton, “Henri Poincaré,” 133.
Mark Antliff, Inventing Bergson: Cultural Politics and the Parisian Avant-Garde (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993), 43–44.
Claude Bragdon, A Primer of Higher Space: The Fourth Dimension, to Which is Added Man the Square, a Higher Space Parable (New York: Knopf, 1929).
Linda Dalrymple Henderson, “Italian Futurism and “the Fourth Dimension,”” Art Journal 41/4 (1981), 317–320.
Esprit Pascal Jouffret, Traité élémentaire de géométrie à quatre dimensions et introduction à la géométrie à n dimensions (Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1903); Henri Poincaré, La science et l’hypothèse (Paris: Flammarion, 1909). See Henderson, “Italian Futurism,” 317–319, and other publications of this author.
Piotr D. Ouspensky, Tertium Organum (New York: Knopf, 1922), available online at the Sacred Text Archive, http://www.sacred-texts.com/eso/to/index.htm (second revised edition) (accessed 31 January, 2011). The 1922 translator was the American architect Claude Bragdon, who further wrote a number of very influential and popularising works on the fourth dimension on his own, basing himself on Hinton as well. Bragdon’s Primer has already been mentioned above, and see also fig 1 and 3.
Ouspensky, Tertium Organum, 83–84. Charlotte Douglas, “Beyond Reason: Malevich, Matiushin, and their Circle,” in: Maurice Tuchman (ed.), The Spiritual in Art: Abstract Painting 1890–1985 (Los Angeles & The Hague: Los Angeles County Museum and Haags Gemeentemuseum, 1986), 185–99, 187; Henderson, “The Merging of Time and Space,” 99. Ouspensky associated one dimension with sensibility, two dimensions with perception, three with concepts, and four with higher intuition and higher truths. For a parable of multi-dimensionality, see Edwin A. Abbott, Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991).
Tom H. Gibbons, “Cubism and ‘the Fourth Dimension’ in the Context of the Late Nineteenth-Century and Early Twentieth-Century Revival of Occult Idealism,” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 44 (1981), 130–147; Henderson, The Fourth Dimension, 32; Holton, “Henri Poincaré,” 130.
Douglas, “Beyond Reason,” 188 & 190; Henderson, “The Merging of Time and Space,” 105.
Charles W. Leadbeater, Clairvoyance (London: Theosophical Publishing Society, 1903); Idem, The Other Side of Death (London: Theosophical Publishing Society, 1904).
Gibbons, “Cubism and ‘the Fourth Dimension,’” 139–140.
Holton, “Henri Poincaré,” 133; Noakes, “The ‘World of the Infinitely Little,’” 323–334.
Charles W. Leadbeater, The Astral Plane: Its Scenery, Inhabitants and Phenomena (London: Theosophical Publishing Society, 1895), 9, available online at the Gutenberg Project, http://www.gutenberg.org/files/21080/21080-8.txt (accessed 31 January 2011).
Marianne W. Martin, “Futurism, Unanimism and Apollinaire,” Art Journal 28/3 (1969), 258–68, 260.
Boccioni, cited in Henderson, “Vibratory Modernism,” 128.
Celant, “Futurism and the Occult,” 36–42; Henderson, “Vibratory Modernism,” 128 & 138. A strong streak of Bergsonianism is also at work in Futurist paintings such as these, but space is lacking here to explore this issue. See Gibbons, “Cubism and ‘the Fourth Dimension,’” 139–140; Antliff, Inventing Bergson, 169–177.
Helena P. Blavatsky, Isis Unveiled (Pasadena: Theosophical University Press, 1998).
Sixten Ringbom, The Sounding Cosmos: A Study in the Spiritualism of Kandinsky and the Genesis of Abstract Painting (Turku/Abo: Abo Akademi, 1970). See further idem, “Transcending the Visible.”
Marty Bax, Het Web der Schepping: theosofie en kunst in Nederland van Lauweriks tot Mondriaan (Amsterdam: unpublished PhD diss., Free University of Amsterdam, 2004); Carel Blotkamp, Mondrian: The Art of Destruction (London: Reaktion Books, 1994).
Idem, “X-Rays and the Quest for Invisible Reality,” 328.
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In the early twentieth century, scientific discoveries such as n-dimensionality, x-rays, and electromagnetism made their way into the discourse of Occultism, where they were subsequently reframed as the occult fourth dimension, clairvoyant x-ray vision, and thought vibration. As this article will show, modern artists such as the Early Abstract artists and the futurists, interested in Occultism as an avenue to a more spiritual art, integrated the by now ‘occultised’ ideas into their art and worldview.
| Insgesamt | Letzte 365 Tage | In den letzten 30 Tagen | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aufrufe von Kurzbeschreibungen | 2640 | 283 | 24 |
| Gesamttextansichten | 525 | 24 | 1 |
| PDF-Downloads | 467 | 52 | 2 |