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Integration of Tenebrio molitor and sour cherries in biscuits: formulation, nutritional value, safety, digestion and shelf-life evaluation

Journal of Insects as Food and Feed
著者:
E. Lo Faro Department of Life Sciences (Agri-Food Science Area), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2 (Pad. Besta), 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
BIOGEST–SITEIA Interdepartmental Centre, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Piazzale Europa 1a (Tecnopolo di Reggio Emilia), 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2374-4286
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F. Masino Department of Life Sciences (Agri-Food Science Area), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2 (Pad. Besta), 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
BIOGEST–SITEIA Interdepartmental Centre, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Piazzale Europa 1a (Tecnopolo di Reggio Emilia), 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1206-7267
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G. Montevecchi Department of Life Sciences (Agri-Food Science Area), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2 (Pad. Besta), 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
BIOGEST–SITEIA Interdepartmental Centre, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Piazzale Europa 1a (Tecnopolo di Reggio Emilia), 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy

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A. Cattivelli Department of Life Sciences (Agri-Food Science Area), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2 (Pad. Besta), 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6841-3608
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D. Tagliazucchi Department of Life Sciences (Agri-Food Science Area), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2 (Pad. Besta), 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
BIOGEST–SITEIA Interdepartmental Centre, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Piazzale Europa 1a (Tecnopolo di Reggio Emilia), 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy

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P. Fava Department of Life Sciences (Agri-Food Science Area), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2 (Pad. Besta), 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
BIOGEST–SITEIA Interdepartmental Centre, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Piazzale Europa 1a (Tecnopolo di Reggio Emilia), 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0412-5674
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Abstract

Tenebrio molitor (mealworm) has emerged as a sustainable protein source for baked goods, but its effects on texture, digestibility, safety (acrylamide formation) and sensory quality over time in sweet bakery products remain insufficiently explored. This study aimed to develop a novel, protein-enriched biscuit formulation by partially replacing wheat flour with T. molitor powder (5% (w/w) and 10% (w/w)) and incorporating freeze-dried sour cherry powder to enhance sensory appeal and moisture retention. A multidisciplinary assessment was conducted, including proximate analysis, acrylamide determination, in vitro digestion to evaluate protein bioaccessibility, textural parameters and an accelerated shelf-life study (through sensory analysis). Results demonstrated that T. molitor incorporation significantly increased protein content (28.57 and 51.95% in biscuits with 5 (w/w) and 10% (w/w) T. molitor powder, respectively), as well as Protein/Carbohydrate ratio and the Protein/Fat ratio, while reducing biscuit breaking resistance and, in turn, improving biscuit friability. Acrylamide levels remained below regulatory limits (≤30 μg/kg), while partial wheat flour substitution with T. molitor powder improved protein digestibility. Notably, biscuits with 10% (w/w) T. molitor showed reduced hardness and maintained good sensory stability during storage. Overall, these results support the technological feasibility and industrial potential of T. molitor as a sustainable protein ingredient in bakery products.

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