Amino acid requirements of neonate larvae of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens
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Abstract
Amino acid (AA) requirements in black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) during the neonatal phase remain poorly investigated. A semi-artificial low-protein diet (NC, negative control, 14% protein) was compared to a poultry feed (PC, positive control, 18% protein) and a diet with 20 single AA added to NC to obtain a diet with 18% protein content simulating the AA profile of PC (RC, reference control). Additionally, 12 diets were formulated in which the six AAs Lys, Met, Thr, Arg, Ile and Trp were individually varied by either omitting or doubling respective contents, resulting in a reduction or excess of 31 to 46% relative to PC and RC (-AA and +AA treatments). In triplicate replication 10 000 neonates were reared for 10-14 days. Growth was most compromised in NC and -Lys. While -Met and -Trp growth was similar to PC, responses for -Arg, -Ile and -Thr were intermediate between PC and NC. Surplus levels of Met, Thr, Trp, and Ile did not, but of Lys and Arg improved performance compared with PC. Consequently, the fattening phase started 1–5 days earlier. Concluding, (i) Lys was first limiting in NC, (ii) Arg, Ile and Thr co-limited growth and (iii) Met and Trp did not limit growth. Striking responses of the indicator ‘age to target weight’ highlight the sensitivity of BSF neonates to differential AA provisions, with practical relevance for scaling up BSFL productions. Consequently, dietary AA supply considerably impacts economy of neonate production as a shortened production cycle would allow more production cycles per year.
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Athanassiou, C.G., Coudron, C.L., Deruytter, D., Rumbos, C.I., Gasco, L., Gai, F., Sandrock, C., De Smet, J., Tettamanti, G., Francis, A., Petrusan, J.I. and Smetana, S., 2024. A decade of advances in black soldier fly research: from genetics to sustainability. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 11: 219-246. https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-00001122
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Barragan-Fonseca, K.B., Gort, G., Dicke, M. and van Loon, J.J.A., 2021. Nutritional plasticity of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) in response to artificial diets varying in protein and carbohydrate concentrations. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 7: 51-62. https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0034
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Bellezza Oddon, S., Rossi, G., Bongiorno, V., Gasco, L., Ojha, S., Rastello, L., Renna, M., Rossi Ribeiro, L., Sandrock, C., Schlüter, O.K. and Biasato, I., 2025. BugBook: Advancing insect utilization for food and feed: Standardizing processing methods, enhancing techno-functional properties, and refining feeding trial protocols. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 11: S477-S506. https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-bja10224
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Deruytter, D., Coudron, C., Wiklicky, V., Naser El Deen, S., Van Peer, M., Rumbos, C., Peguero, D.A., Adamaki-Sotiraki, C., Athanassiou, C., Veldkamp, T., Sandrock, C. and Yakti, W., 2025. BugBook: Considerations for designing and performing insect larvae production experiments. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 11: S317-S339. https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-bja10252
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Khan, J.A., Guo, X., Pichner, R., Aganovic, K., Heinz, V., Hollah, C., Miert, S.V., Verheyen, G.R., Juadjur, A. and Rehman, K.U., 2025. Evaluation of nutritional and techno-functional aspects of black soldier fly high-protein extracts in different developmental stages. Animal 19: 101463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2025.101463
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Liu, C., Yang, Y., Wang, M., Jiang, W., Du, Y., Hao, Z., Chen, L., Zhu, K., Liu, B., Niu, L., Zhao, Y., Wang, Y., Gan, M., Shen, L. and Zhu, L., 2024. Effects of L-arginine on gut microbiota and muscle metabolism in fattening pigs based on omics analysis. Frontiers in Microbiology 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1490064
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Miner, L.P., Fernandez-Bayo, J., Putri, F., Niemeier, D., Bischel, H. and VanderGheynst, J.S., 2022. Predicting black soldier fly larvae biomass and methionine accumulation using a kinetic model for batch cultivation and improving system performance using semi-batch cultivation. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 45: 333-344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-021-02663-y
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Sandrock, C., Generalovic, T.N., Paul, K., Petersen, G.E.L., Sellem, E., Smith, M.B., Tapio, M., Yakti, W., Beukeboom, L.W., Deruytter, D., Jiggins, C.D., Lefebvre, T., Librado, P., Pannebakker, B.A., Picard, C.J., Rhode, C., Sørensen, J.G., Bouwman, A.C., Hansen, L.S. and Obsicteter, J., 2025. BugBook: Genetics of insects as food and feed. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 11: S397-S455. https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-bja10260
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Schneider, L., Kisinga, B., Stoehr, N., Cord-Landwehr, S., Schulte-Geldermann, E., Moerschbacher, B.M., Eder, K., Jha, R. and Dusel, G., 2025a. Dietary protein levels in isoenergetic diets affect the performance, nutrient utilization and retention of nitrogen and amino acids of Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae. Insects 16: 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16030240
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Schneider, L., Kisinga, B., Stöhr, N., Stiem, T., Cord-Landwehr, S., Schulte-Geldermann, E., Moerschbacher, B.M., Jha, R., Eder, K., Lambertz, C. and Dusel, G., 2025b. Performance and nutrient composition of black soldier fly larvae fed diets with various protein concentrations throughout the life cycle. Animal 19: 101637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2025.101637
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Wynants, E., Frooninckx, L., Crauwels, S., Verreth, C., De Smet, J., Sandrock, C., Wohlfahrt, J., Van Schelt, J., Depraetere, S., Lievens, B., Van Miert, S., Claes, J. and Van Campenhout, L., 2019. Assessing the microbiota of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) reared on organic waste streams on four different locations at laboratory and large scale. Microbial Ecology 77: 913-930.
| 全部期间 | 过去一年 | 过去30天 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 摘要浏览次数 | 76 | 76 | 76 |
| 全文浏览次数 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| PDF下载次数 | 27 | 27 | 27 |
Amino acid requirements of neonate larvae of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens
于Journal of Insects as Food and FeedSearch for other papers by C. Sandrock in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by J. Wohlfahrt in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by T. Stadtlander in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by F. Leiber in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by F. Schindler in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by M. Hardick in
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PubMed
Search for other papers by A. Lemme in
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PubMed
Search for other papers by C. Lambertz in
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PubMed
Abstract
Amino acid (AA) requirements in black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) during the neonatal phase remain poorly investigated. A semi-artificial low-protein diet (NC, negative control, 14% protein) was compared to a poultry feed (PC, positive control, 18% protein) and a diet with 20 single AA added to NC to obtain a diet with 18% protein content simulating the AA profile of PC (RC, reference control). Additionally, 12 diets were formulated in which the six AAs Lys, Met, Thr, Arg, Ile and Trp were individually varied by either omitting or doubling respective contents, resulting in a reduction or excess of 31 to 46% relative to PC and RC (-AA and +AA treatments). In triplicate replication 10 000 neonates were reared for 10-14 days. Growth was most compromised in NC and -Lys. While -Met and -Trp growth was similar to PC, responses for -Arg, -Ile and -Thr were intermediate between PC and NC. Surplus levels of Met, Thr, Trp, and Ile did not, but of Lys and Arg improved performance compared with PC. Consequently, the fattening phase started 1–5 days earlier. Concluding, (i) Lys was first limiting in NC, (ii) Arg, Ile and Thr co-limited growth and (iii) Met and Trp did not limit growth. Striking responses of the indicator ‘age to target weight’ highlight the sensitivity of BSF neonates to differential AA provisions, with practical relevance for scaling up BSFL productions. Consequently, dietary AA supply considerably impacts economy of neonate production as a shortened production cycle would allow more production cycles per year.
| 全部期间 | 过去一年 | 过去30天 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 摘要浏览次数 | 76 | 76 | 76 |
| 全文浏览次数 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| PDF下载次数 | 27 | 27 | 27 |
