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Bioconversion of conventional (olive leaves, olive pomace) and emerging (quinoa husk) agrifood by-products by Tenebrio molitor larvae

in Journal of Insects as Food and Feed
Autor:innen:
V. da Cunha-Borges Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain

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https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2951-4523
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M.D. Hernández Departamento de Acuicultura y Tecnologı́a de la Producción Animal. Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), 30150 Murcia, Spain

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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5975-4462
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F.G. Barroso Department of Applied Biology, CEI3, University of Almerı́a, 04120 Almerı́a, Spain

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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8828-9686
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M.J. Sánchez-Muros Department of Applied Biology, CEI3, University of Almerı́a, 04120 Almerı́a, Spain

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9066-9052
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C. Vargas Department of Applied Biology, CEI3, University of Almerı́a, 04120 Almerı́a, Spain

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7647-3395
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T. Fornari Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain

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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7371-6593
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L. Vázquez Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain

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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-4349
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D. Martin Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1082-9280
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Abstract

This study evaluated the bioconversion of agro-industrial by-products (dry olive leaves, OL; full-fat dry olive pomace, OP; and quinoa husk, QH) by Tenebrio molitor larvae, included at different levels in the substrates. Wheat bran (control diet) was replaced with OL (15, 30, 50%), OP (30, 50, 70, 90%), or QH (15, 30, 50%). Productive performance, dietary and larval nutritional composition, and fatty acid profile were determined. Low to moderate inclusion levels (OL and QH up to 15%, and OP up to 30%) supported larval growth comparable to control diets. These formulations maintained or improved the nutritional composition of the larvae, by increasing protein content and reducing lipid levels. In contrast, high inclusion levels caused nutritional imbalances in the diets, likely due to excessive fibre and low protein (for OL and QH) or high lipid, fiber, ash and low carbohydrate contents (for OP), together with high phenolic contents (for OL and OP), which likely affected feed intake and larval development. Additionally, the dietary fatty acid appeared to influence larval lipid composition. Larvae fed OP tended to accumulate more oleic acid and less linoleic acid. Moreover, high dietary lipid and fiber contents due to OP seemed to increase larval oleic acid content while reducing linoleic acid, whereas carbohydrate-rich diets had the opposite effect. Therefore, olive and quinoa by-products in T. molitor feeding offer a sustainable valorisation strategy offer these side streams, if macronutrient balance is maintained when specific levels of the by-products are used to ensure optimal larval growth and feed efficiency.

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